1、 NACESP0415-2015/IEEEStd1895-2014NACE SP0415-2015/IEEE Std 1895-2014 NACE International and IEEE Joint Standard Practice for Below-Grade Inspection and Assessment of Corrosion on Steel Transmission, Distribution, and Substation Structures Approved 2014-12-10 (IEEE) 2015-01-28 (NACE) NACE Internation
2、al 15835 Park Ten Place Houston, Texas 77084-5145 +1 281-228-6200 IEEE 3 Park Ave., 17th Floor New York, NY 10016-5997 +1 212-419-7900 2015, NACE International and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) NACE SP0415/IEEE Std 1895-2014 NACE SP0415/IEEE Std 1895-2014 NACE Internationa
3、l and IEEE NACE International and IEEE Joint Standard Practice for Below-Grade Inspection and Assessment of Corrosion on Steel Transmission, Distribution, and Substation Structures Administered by NACE Specific Technology Group (STG) 41, “Electric Utility Generation, Transmission, and Distribution”
4、Approved 2015-01-28 NACE Board of Directors Sponsor Transmission and Distribution (PE/T (2) excavate and inspect the selected structures; (3) categorize the condition of structures based on corrosion degradation; (4) prioritize structures requiring additional inspection based on those findings; and
5、(5) help identify next steps as required. The standard is limited to the inspection and assessment of steel transmission towers, poles, and substation structures, to include galvanized, self-weathering, and painted mild steel structures, as well as other similar structures. Key words: below-grade co
6、rrosion, below-grade steel, carbon steel, corrosion control, corrosion, data collection, electric transmission, galvanized steel, IEEE 1895, inspection, SP0415, substation NACE International 15835 Park Ten Place Houston, Texas 77084-5145 +1 281-228-6200 IEEE 3 Park Ave., 17th Floor New York, NY 1001
7、6-5997 +1 212-419-7900 Copyright 2015 by NACE International and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) NACE PDF/PRINT: ISBN 1-57590-311-3 Item No. 21189SG/21189 IEEE PDF: ISBN 978-0-7381-9444-8 STD20050 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic ret
8、rieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. NACE SP0415/IEEE Std 1895-2014 NACE International and IEEE This NACE International/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed
9、 this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in thi
10、s NACE/IEEE standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. This
11、standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in speci
12、fic instances. NACE and IEEE assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accepts responsibility for only those official NACE and IEEE interpretations issued by NACE and IEEE in accordance with their governing procedures and policies which preclude th
13、e issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. Users of this NACE/IEEE standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE/IEEE standard ma
14、y not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE/IEEE standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safe
15、ty, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE/IEEE standards are subject to periodic review, and m
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18、TANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection in all circumstances. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE docume
19、nt is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be
20、obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. NACE International 15835 Park Ten Place Houston, TX 77084-5145, USA +1 281-228-6200 Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA NACE SP0415/IEEE Std 1895-2014 NACE International an
21、d IEEE i _ Foreword There are an estimated 900,000 electric utility steel transmission and distribution structures in North America alone. The majority of these structures were installed between 1950 and 1990. These structures are now an average of 45 years in age. The age of these structures dictat
22、es an inspection and assessment procedure to determine the level of corrosion affecting the buried portions of this important segment of our infrastructure. While the condition of the above-grade portions of these structures is relatively easy to visually assess, the buried or below-grade sections a
23、re often subject to a more corrosive environment and are not easily accessible for visual inspection. Before the publication of this standard, no industry practice existed to help electric utilities determine a prioritized listing of structures to be inspected or that described an inspection and ass
24、essment procedure to evaluate below-grade corrosion problems. This standard is intended for use by electric utility personnel, contractors, inspectors, and those interested in the impact of corrosion on the below-grade sections of transmission, distribution, and substation steel structures. This sta
25、ndard was prepared in 2015 by NACE/IEEE joint Task Group (TG) 432, “Development of a Standard for Below-Grade Inspection and Assessment of Corrosion on Steel Transmission, Distribution, and Substation Structures,” which is administered by Specific Technology Group (STG) 41, “Electric Utility Generat
26、ion, Transmission, and Distribution.” The task group included members of IEEE. It is published by NACE under the auspices of STG 41, and by IEEEs Corrosion Working Group 12: Power and Energy Society/Transmission and Distribution (PE/T (2) excavate and inspect the selected structures; (3) categorize
27、the condition of structures based on corrosion degradation; (4) prioritize structures requiring additional inspection based on those findings; and (5) help identify next steps as required. 1.1.1 This NACE/IEEE joint standard is limited to the inspection and assessment of steel transmission towers, p
28、oles, and substation structures, to include galvanized, self-weathering, and painted mild steel structures, as well as other similar structures. 1.1.2 It does not address the specific inspection of concrete foundations, above-grade attachment points, noncoated ground sleeves, guy anchors, or specifi
29、c pass or fail criteria. In addition, this standard does not provide procedures regarding repair and/or replacement of these same types of structures. 1.1.3 This standard does not address localized corrosion, which is corrosion that can take place in relatively small and limited steel surface areas
30、as a result of unusual factors such as soil conditions, electrical currents, etc. 1.1.4 For the purposes of this standard, the area of inspection is composed of the transition zone and below-grade portion of the structure. The inspection area and depth of excavation is determined by the utility as a
31、ppropriate to identify the extent of corrosion. This standard should not be used to address structures in continuous water immersion environments. 1.1.5 The definitions of many of the corrosion-related terms used in this standard can be found in NACE/ASTM(1)G193.11.2 PurposeThe purpose of this stand
32、ard is to provide procedures for the use of common inspection practices and technology on structures below grade. The standard includes: (a) Assessment of historical data to categorize inspection priority; (b) Below-grade inspection and assessment to categorize structures by level of condition; (c)
33、Site-specific environmental factors and soil conditions; (d) Evaluation of existing repairs; (e) Assessment of foundation anchors and associated hardware; and (f) Detection of stray currents. NOTE:(2) While concrete foundations and guy anchors are not specifically addressed in this standard, it is e
34、xpected they will be addressed in separate standards. _ Section 2: Data Collection and Prioritization 2.1 A review of location information, environmental conditions, and historical structural data shall be performed to identify factors pertaining to the potential impact of corrosion. Once collected,
35、 these data shall be used to create a prioritized listing of the structures to be inspected. The factors shown below are examples of items to consider: (a) Line importance; (1)ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (2) Notes in the standard text, tables,
36、and figures are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard. NACE SP0415/IEEE Std 1895-2014 2 NACE International and IEEE (b) Age; (c) Geographic locations; (d) Known environmental factors including climate, soil corrosiveness (pH, redox potential, moi
37、sture value, organic content, chloride content, sulfate content, and soil resistivity). See Appendix A (Nonmandatory) for additional soil-related information; (e) Failure and maintenance history; (f) Structure type; (g) Corrosion control system; (h) Previous inspection history; and (i) Grounding sys
38、tem. The data collected may be used to develop a database or spreadsheet to facilitate the review and assessment of structures. 2.2 An example data spreadsheet titled “NACE SP0415/IEEE Std 1895Appendix B Data Collection and Prioritization” is accessible through the link following this paragraph, or
39、in a table format in Appendix B (Nonmandatory) of this standard. For space considerations, the Appendix B table is arranged as a vertical list instead of the horizontal headings used in the data spreadsheet; however, the content text is identical to the spreadsheet. http:/events.nace.org/tcc/NACE_SP
40、0415-IEEE_Std-1895-COMBINED-Appendix-B-D%20_2015.xlsx The factors listed on the data spreadsheet/table may not all be applicable, and the user of the standard is encouraged to modify the spreadsheet to fit his/her particular needs. _ Section 3: Field Inspections 3.1 Once the priority list has been d
41、eveloped, the inspection phase shall be conducted. 3.2 The inspection phase consists of a graduated, three-tier system: (a) Tier IVisual inspection of a structure below grade with minimal excavation. (b) Tier IIA detailed inspection to determine the extent of corrosion deterioration. (c) Tier IIIA d
42、iagnostic evaluation to determine the mechanism and source of the corrosion. 3.3 If the assessment of the Tier I results is considered satisfactory, the inspection for that particular structure is complete and no further action is required at that time. The inspection progresses to a Tier II inspect
43、ion if the assessment identifies corrosion that exceeds the criteria established by the utility. If the assessment after a Tier II inspection requires further investigation into the mechanism and cause of the corrosion, the inspection moves to the Tier III level. 3.4 The criteria for moving from one
44、 tier to the next are described in the following individual tier definitions. These data may be used to develop a database or spreadsheet to facilitate the review and assessment of the structure. 3.4.1 Field InspectionTier I 3.4.1.1 A Tier I inspection is primarily a visual evaluation performed at t
45、he structure location. Tier I inspection requires excavation. 3.4.1.2 Excavation requirements relative to the quantity and depth of holes are determined by the specific utility. Typical excavations are between 0.5 to 0.6 m (18 to 24 in) in depth and of sufficient width to visually examine a represen
46、tative portion of the below-grade structure. The excavation should reveal sufficient area of the leg or pole to allow a visual NACE SP0415/IEEE Std 1895-2014 NACE International and IEEE 3 inspection to identify the structures that exhibit corrosion and/or mechanical damage. The visual evaluation sho
47、uld be performed in accordance with SSPC(3)-VIS 22or NACE SP0215/IEEE Std. 1839.33.4.1.3 Items to inspect may include: (a) Steel thickness measurements; (b) Edge loss measurements; (c) Coating evaluation; (d) Land usage (agricultural/other utility underground structures/other commercial activity); a
48、nd/or (e) As-found conditions should be photographed; CAUTIONARY NOTE: The techniques described in field inspection, Tier 1, are limited to physical inspection of the upper 0.6 m (24 in) of the buried portion of the structure. These observations may or may not reflect the condition of the buried por
49、tion below the inspected region. 3.4.1.3.1 An example data spreadsheet titled “NACE SP0415/IEEE Std 1895Appendix C Tier I Field Inspection Report” is accessible through the link following this paragraph, or in a table format in Appendix C (Nonmandatory) of this standard. For space considerations, the Appendix C table is arranged as a vert
