1、IEEE Std 400.3-2006IEEE Guide for Partial DischargeTesting of Shielded Power CableSystems in a Field EnvironmentI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA5 February 2007IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theInsulated Conductors CommitteeIEEE Std 400.3TM-2006 IEEE Guide for Partial Dis
2、charge Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment Sponsor Insulated Conductors Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 15 September 2006 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: This guide covers the diagnostic testing of new or service-aged installed shielded power cab
3、le systems, which include cable, joints, and terminations, using partial discharge (PD) detection, measurement, and location. Partial discharge testing, which is a useful indicator of insulation degradation, may be carried out on-line or off-line by means of an external voltage source. This guide do
4、es not include the testing of compressed gas insulated systems or continuous on-line monitoring at normal service voltage. Keywords: cable system testing, cable testing, diagnostic testing, off-line partial discharge testing, on-line partial discharge testing, partial discharge testing _ The Institu
5、te of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 5 February 2007. Printed in the United States of America. National Electrical Safety Code and NESC
6、 are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not par
7、t of IEEE Std 400.3-2006, IEEE Guide for Partial Discharge Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment. Cable systems need to be tested after installation, periodically during their service life, occasionally after frequent failures in specific types of cables or accessories, and
8、whenever a decision needs to be made about cable repair or replacement. The main purpose of testing is to provide a high degree of service reliability in the most economic fashion. To guarantee optimum performance of the power cable system, standards and guidelines have been developed that address t
9、he specific testing requirements for newly installed and service-aged extruded and laminated dielectic insulation. This guide was prepared by working group C-19W of the IEEE Insulated Conductors Committee. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the
10、 following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention
11、is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsibl
12、e for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time thi
13、s guide was completed, the C-19W Working Group had the following membership: Matthew S. Mashikian, Chair Willem Boone, Vice Chair Nezar Ahmed Lawrence W. Bobb Steven A. Boggs Arvid J. Braun John R. Densley Swapan K. Dey Craig Goodwin Edward Gulski Richie Harp Stanley V. Heyer John Hinkle William Lar
14、zelere Rachel I. Mosier Ralph E. Patterson Johannes Rickmann Dirk Russworm Lawrence Salberg Albert Spear William A. ThueThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Roy W. Alexander Butch Anton Ali
15、 Al Awazi Saber Azizi-Ghannad Michael P. Baldwin Earle C. Bascom III Martin Baur Michael G. Bayer Steven A. Boggs Kenneth E. Bow Chris Brooks Kent W. Brown William A. Byrd Jim Y. Cai Mark S. Clark John H. Cooper Tommy P. Cooper Jorge E. Fernandez Daher J. P. Disciullo Gary L. Donner Randall L. Dotso
16、n Dana S. Dufield Donald G. Dunn Gary R. Engmann Robert B. Fisher Rabiz N. Foda Marcel Fortin Carl J. Fredericks Edgar O. Galyon R. B. Gear Jr. David L. Gilmer Steven N. Graham Randall C. Groves Ajit K. Gwal Adrienne M. Hendrickson Lauri J. Hiivala Ajit K. Hiranandani David A. Horvath Dennis Horwitz
17、 David W. Jackson A. S. Jones James H. Jones Gael Kennedy Joseph L. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Saumen K. Kundu Thomas W. La Rose Solomon Lee Maurice Linker William E. Lockley Lisardo Lourido William Lumpkins G. L. Luri Glenn J. Luzzi Eric P. Marsden Matthew S. Mashikan William M. McDermid Nigel P. McQ
18、uin John E. Merando Jr. Gary L. Michel Rachel I. Mosier Jerry R. Murphy Shantanu Nandi Michael S. Newman Joe W. Nims Ralph E. Patterson Allan D. St. Peter Johannes Rickmann Michael A. Roberts Robert L. Seitz David Singleton Michael J. Smalley James E. Smith S. Thamilarasan James E. Timperley Joseph
19、J. Vaschak Waldemar G. Von Miller Edward E. Walcott Carl T. Wall Mark D. Walton William D. Wilkens James W. Wilson Jr. Luis E. Zambrano Donald W. Zipsevi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this application guide on 15 September 2006, it had the follow
20、ing membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Richard H. Hulett, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Mark D. Bowman Dennis B. Brophy Joseph Bruder Richard Cox Bob Davis Julian Forster* Joanna N. Guenin Mark S. Halpin Raymond Hapeman William B. Hopf Lowell G. Johnson Herman Koch Joseph
21、 L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Daleep C. Mohla Paul Nikolich T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Gary S. Robinson Frank Stone Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Joe D. Watson Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Sati
22、sh K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Catherine Berger IEEE Standards Project Editor Angela Ortiz IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1
23、1.1 Scope . 2 1.2 Purpose 2 1.3 Background 2 2. Normative references 3 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 3 3.1 Definitions . 3 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 4 4. Partial discharge data interpretation . 5 4.1 Type and location of defects 8 4.2 Insulating materials 12 4.3 Operating condit
24、ions 12 5. Partial discharge detection 13 5.1 General test setup. 14 5.2 Partial discharge detection methods 15 5.3 Partial discharge detection sensitivity 16 5.4 Partial discharge location. 16 5.5 Test limitations 19 6. Voltage sources 20 6.1 Sinusoidal power-frequency voltage sources. 20 6.2 Alter
25、native voltage sources 21 7. Practical testing guidelines . 22 7.1 Pre-test owner information 22 7.2 Preliminary inspection and/or testing 23 7.3 Pre-test conference 23 7.4 Test conditions (voltage levels and duration) 23 8. Test results and recommendations 24 8.1 Interpretation of test resultsrecom
26、mendations and implications 24 8.2 Partial discharge test documentation . 26 viii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 9. Safety 28 9.1 Personal protective equipment. 28 9.2 Switching and blocking practices 28 9.3 Grounding and responsibility for control of cable. 28 9.4 Safety of the public 29
27、 9.5 Daily safety meeting 29 10. Conclusions 29 Annex A (informative) Partial discharge and water trees. 30 Annex B (informative) Effect of cavity shape on partial discharge inception voltage. 31 Annex C (normative) Partial discharge calibration and location accuracy. 32 Annex D (informative) Biblio
28、graphy . 34 1 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Partial Discharge Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment 1. Overview This guide is one of a series of guides introduced in IEEE Std 400TM-2001.1It is divided into 10 clauses, as follows: Clause 1 provides
29、the scope and the purpose of the guide. Clause 2 lists the references to other standards or guides that are useful in applying this guide. Clause 3 provides definitions that are of particular importance for the understanding of this guide and lists a glossary of abbreviations and acronyms. Clause 4
30、provides basic interpretation of partial discharge (PD) data. Clause 5 describes the different types of PD detection methods. Clause 6 briefly describes the voltage sources available commercially. Clause 7 offers useful practical testing guidelines. Clause 8 discusses the expected test results and r
31、ecommendations. Clause 9 is devoted to the safety precautions to be observed during testing. Clause 10 provides conclusions. This guide also contains four annexes. Annex A expounds, in some detail, on the question of water treeing and partial discharge in cables with extruded dielectrics. Annex B sh
32、ows how the partial discharge inception voltage changes with the cavity shape, location, and material. Annex C discusses in greater detail the subjects of PD calibration and location accuracy. Annex D is the bibliography. 1Information on references can be found in Clause 2. IEEE Std 400.3-2006 IEEE
33、Guide for Partial Discharge Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment 2 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1.1 Scope This guide covers the diagnostic testing of new or service-aged installed shielded power cable systems, which include cable, joints, and terminations, usin
34、g PD detection, measurement, and location. Partial discharge testing, which is a useful indicator of insulation degradation, may be carried out on-line or by means of an external voltage source. This guide does not include the testing of compressed gas insulated systems or continuous on-line monitor
35、ing at normal service voltage. 1.2 Purpose This guide describes diagnostic methods capable of detecting and locating partial discharges from defects and damage in installed shielded power cable systems. The results of PD tests are used to assess the condition of cables and accessories. 1.3 Backgroun
36、d PDs are small electric sparks or discharges that occur in defects in the insulation, or at interfaces or surfaces, or between a conductor and a floating metal component (not connected electrically to the high-voltage conductor nor to the ground conductor), or between floating metal components if t
37、he electric field is high enough to cause ionization of the gaseous medium in which the components are located. The discharges do not bridge the insulation between conductors, and the defects may be entirely within the insulation, along interfaces between insulating materials (e.g., at accessories)
38、or along surfaces (terminations or potheads). Partial discharge characteristics depend on the type, size, and location of the defects, insulating material, applied voltage, and cable temperature, and they vary with time. The damage caused by PD depends on several factors and can range from negligibl
39、e to causing failure within days to years. Advances in digital (electrical) measurement technology, both in the time and frequency domains, have improved the sensitivity of PD measurements. This has led to an increasing number of PD measurements on cable systems, particularly on medium-voltage syste
40、ms. The purpose of such measurements is to assess the current condition of a cable circuit. At the current state-of-the-art, very good cables and very bad cables can generally be identified. It is the remaining life of the cables between these two extremes that cannot be predicted with great accurac
41、y. As well, this technology cannot determine with complete confidence that a specific cable is in very good condition with essentially no probability of failure in the near future, as failure can be caused by phenomena that do not generate PD. However, the PD measurement can, at times, predict with
42、a high level of confidence that a given cable is in very poor condition and is likely to fail in the near future. This guide provides background information on PD detection and location techniques for users of PD testing services of cables with laminated or extruded insulations, and it provides back
43、ground information on the interpretation of PD data. In this guide, cable may also refer to a cable system that includes cables and accessories. IEEE Std 400.3-2006 IEEE Guide for Partial Discharge Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment 3 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reser
44、ved. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. Accred
45、ited Standards Committee C-2, National Electrical Safety Code(NESC).2ICEA T-24-380-1994, Guide for Partial-Discharge Test Procedure.3IEC 60270, High-voltage test techniquesPartial discharge measurements.4IEC 60885-2, 1987, Electrical test methods for electric cablesPart 2: Partial discharge tests. I
46、EC 60885-3, 1987, Electrical test methods for electric cablesPart 3: Test methods for partial discharge measurements on lengths of extruded power cables. IEEE Std 400TM-2001, IEEE Guide for Field Testing and Evaluation of the Insulation of Shielded Power Cable Systems.5,6IEEE Std 400.2TM-2004, IEEE
47、Guide for Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Using Very Low Frequency (VLF). IEEE Std 510TM, IEEE Recommended Practices for Safety in High-Voltage and High Power Testing.7NFPA-70E, Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces.83. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviat
48、ions 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms B189should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. 2ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards
49、Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 3ICEA publications are available from the Insulated Cable Engineers Association, P.O. Box 20048, Minneapolis, MN 55420, USA (http:/www.icea.org/). 4IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3, rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department
