1、The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USACopyright 1999 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 10 June 1999. Printed in the United States of America.Print: ISBN 0-7381-1533-9 SH9
2、4718PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1534-7 SS94718No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Std 449-1998 (R2007)(Revision ofIEEE Std 449-1990)IEEE Standard for Ferroresonant Voltage Regulator
3、sSponsorElectronics Transformer Technical Committeeof theIEEE Power Electronics SocietyReaffirmed 26 September 2007Approved 8 December 1998IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: Ferroresonant transformers used as regulators in electronic power supplies and in otherequipment are covered. Guides to applicat
4、ion and test procedures are included.Keywords: controlled ferroresonant regulators, ferroresonant transformer regulators, seriesferoresonant regulators, series-parallel ferroresonant regulatorsIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Com-mittees
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15、y that implementation of this standard mayrequire use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard,no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights inconnection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents forw
16、hich a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries intothe legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 449-1998, IEEE Standard for Ferroresona
17、nt Voltage Regulators.)The purpose of this standard is to provide a common ground of understanding between engineers involved inthe design, manufacture, sale, and use of ferroresonant transformers. It pertains to ferroresonant transform-ers used as regulators in electronic power supplies and in othe
18、r equipment where the inherent properties ofvoltage regulation and current limiting are useful.This publication was prepared by the Ferroresonant Transformer Subcommittee of the ElectronicsTransformer Technical Committee of the IEEE Power Electronics Society. The subcommittee had thefollowing member
19、ship:Hassan Yarpezeshkan,ChairThe following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard:The Institute wishes to acknowledge its indebtedness to those who have given so freely of their time andknowledge in the development of the original version of this standard. The followship of autho
20、rs of theinaugural publication, IEEE Std 449-1984, include the following distinguished members:Clyde H. Nicholson,ChairDale Leppart,SecretaryWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 8 December 1998, it had the followingmembership:Richard J. Holleman,ChairDonald N. Heirman,Vice Chai
21、rJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusGreg KohnIEEE Standards Project EditorJack S. AndresenRobert B. BeersI. D. BoltJ. E. CronkJohn DeCramerCharles J. ElliottPaul K. GoetheW. D. GoetheRohn R. GrantHarold E. LeeDavid N. RatliffRobert Lee SellJ. SilgailisBruce D. ThackwrayMatthew A. WilkowskiJack S
22、. AndresenRobert B. BeersLowell BosleyJohn DeCramerCharles J. ElliottPaul K. GoetheRohn GrantRyusuke HasegawaHarold E. LeeAshraf LoftiDavid N. RatliffRobert Lee SellGlenn SkuttCharles SullivanJohn TardyBruce D. ThackwrayMatthew A. WilkowskiHassan YarpezeshkanJack AdamsLawrie AndersonDale CorelWayne
23、C. EmersonHermann FickenscherPaul K. GoetheHarold E. LeeBill LucarzRobert L. SellRay TaylorHermann TillingerDonald A. TrottSatish K. AggarwalClyde R. CampJames T. CarloGary R. EngmannHarold E. EpsteinJay Forster*Thomas F. GarrityRuben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyJim D. IsaakLowell G. JohnsonRobert Kenne
24、llyE. G. “Al” KienerJoseph L. Koepfinger*Stephen R. LambertJim LogothetisDonald C. LoughryL. Bruce McClungLouis-Franois PauRonald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn B. PoseyGary S. RobinsonHans E. WeinrichDonald W. ZipseivCopyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Scope 12. References 13. De
25、finitions 24. Auxiliary circuits to provide special features 84.1 Ferroresonant voltage regulator with harmonic filter (harmonic neutralized). 85. Service conditions 125.1 Environmental 125.2 Mechanical. 126. Ratings . 136.1 Input rating. 136.2 Output rating 136.3 Resonant section rating 146.4 Therm
26、al rating 146.5 Electric strength . 156.6 Magnetic radiation . 156.7 Acoustic noise 156.8 Corona 167. Nameplate and other markings 167.1 Nameplate 167.2 Nameplate information 167.3 Termination markings 178. Test procedures 178.1 Electric strength tests . 178.2 Input characteristic (resonating capaci
27、tor connected) tests . 188.3 Output characteristics. 198.4 Overload characteristics. 208.5 Transient excursions (overshoot and undershoot) . 208.6 Temperature rise 208.7 External flux field 218.8 Audible sound-level tests. 218.9 Polarity. 229. Application guide. 239.1 Introduction 239.2 Shunt-type f
28、erroresonant regulators. 249.3 Specific applications 2610. Maintenance guide. 2911. Bibliography 31Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Standard for Ferroresonant Voltage Regulators1. ScopeThis standard pertains to ferroresonant voltage regulators that operate at relatively constant freque
29、ncies andprovide substantially constant output voltages in spite of relatively large changes of input voltage. It alsocovers controlled ferroresonant regulators that maintain substantially constant output voltages regardless ofvariations, within limits, of input voltage, temperature, frequency, and
30、output load. Guides to application andtest procedures are included. Provisions are made for relating the characteristics of ferroresonant regulatorsto associated rectifiers and circuits. Definitions pertaining to ferroresonance and ferroresonant regulators thathave not been found elsewhere are inclu
31、ded with an appropriate discussion.This standard includes, but is not limited to, the following types of ferroresonant regulators:a) Series ferroresonant regulatorsb) Series-parallel ferroresonant regulators (electrically connected)c) Ferroresonant transformer regulators (magnetically coupled)d) Con
32、trolled ferroresonant regulators2. ReferencesThis standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. When the following publicationsare superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply.ANSI S1.2-1962 (Reaff 1976), American National Standard Method for the Physical Mea
33、surement ofSound.1ANSI S1.4-1983, American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters.2IEEE Std 100-1996, IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, Sixth Edition.31ANSI S1.2-1962 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained from the Sales Department, American N
34、ational StandardsInstitute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/).2ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor,New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/).IEEEStd 449-1998
35、 IEEE STANDARD FOR FERRORESONANT2Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.IEEE Std 260.1-1993, American National Standard Letter Symbols for Units of Measurement (SI Units,Customary Inch-Pound Units, and Certain Other Units).IEEE Std 280-1985 (Reaff 1997), IEEE Standard Letter Symbols for Quantities
36、 Used in Electrical Scienceand Electrical Engineering.IEEE Std 389-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Testing Electronics Transformers and Inductors.IEEE Std 436-1977, IEEE Guide for Making Corona (Partial Discharge) Measurements on ElectronicsTransformers.43. DefinitionsFor purposes of this standa
37、rd, the following terms and definitions apply. IEEE Std 100-19965, The IEEEStandard Dictionary of Electronics and Electrical Terms, should be referenced for terms not defined in thisclause.The letters and graphic symbols used in this standard shall be in accordance with IEEE Std 260-1978 andIEEE Std
38、 280-1985 insofar as they apply, except as herein stated.3.1 air gap:The space between the magnetic shunt and the core, used to establish the required reluctance ofthe shunt flux path.3.2 basic series ferroresonant voltage regulator:This regulator consists of a series connection of a saturat-ing ind
39、uctor and a capacitor connected across the source. The load is inductively or conductively coupled tothe saturating inductor. See Figure 1.NOTEApplications of this circuit are limited by the requisite large ratio of reactive to real powers.3.3 basic series parallel ferroresonant voltage regulator:Th
40、is regulator consists of an essentially linearinductor connected in series with a parallel combination of a nonlinear inductor and a capacitor. This3IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331, USA
41、 (http:/www.standards.ieee.org/).4IEEE Std 436-1977 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained from Global Engineering, 15 Inverness Way East, Engle-wood, CO 80112-5704, USA, tel. (303) 792-2181 (http:/ on references can be found in Clause 2.Figure 1Basic series ferroresonant voltage regula
42、torIEEEVOLTAGE REGULATORS Std 449-1998Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.3combination is connected across the source as shown in Figure 2. Load voltage is derived by inductive orconductive coupling to the nonlinear inductor.3.4 controlled ferroresonant regulators:A regulator consisting basical
43、ly of an inductor connected in serieswith a parallel combination of a capacitor and controllable simulated inductor. This combination isconnected across the source as shown in Figure 3. Stabilized output voltage is derived by inductive orconductive coupling to the parallel combination of C and the c
44、ontrollable simulated inductor. In a controlledferroresonant regulator the controllable simulated inductor can be a combination of switching devices (suchas thyristors or transistors) and linear or saturating inductors. This circuit, in combination with a controlinput to the simulated inductor, cont
45、rols the flux swing (or simulated flux swing) in the saturated (orsimulated saturating) inductor, thereby controlling the stabilized output voltage.3.5 ferroresonance:The steady-state mode of operation that exists when an alternating voltage of sufficientmagnitude is applied to a circuit consisting
46、of capacitance and ferromagnetic inductance causing changes inthe ferromagnetic inductance that are repeated each half cycle.NOTEWhen certain critical relations exist among circuit parameters, self-sustaining subharmonic or harmonic oscilla-tions may also be excited in the circuit.Figure 2Basic seri
47、es parallel ferroresonant voltage regulatorFigure 3Controlled ferroresonant regulator schematicIEEEStd 449-1998 IEEE STANDARD FOR FERRORESONANT4Copyright 1999 IEEE. All rights reserved.3.6 ferroresonant voltage regulation:The effect obtained by the limiting action of the saturation character-istic o
48、f the magnetic material in a ferroresonant circuit, which regulates the output voltage over a specifiedrange of input voltages and a specified frequency of excitation.NOTEThis effect regulates the half-cycle average value of the output voltage.3.7 ferroresonant voltage regulator transformer:A high-r
49、eactance transformer employing magneticshunts that allow the magnetic functions of the basic series parallel ferroresonant regulator circuits to becombined into a single magnetic component. See Figure 4 and Figure 5.NOTEHereafter this will be referred to as a ferroresonant transformer. 3.8 jump resonance:A phenomenon associated with ferroresonant regulators where the output voltagesuddenly changes to the regulating mode of operation at some value of the ascending input voltage (seeFigure 6 and Figure 7), or suddenly drops out of
