1、IEEE Std 516-2009(Revision of IEEE Std 516-2003)IEEE Guide for Maintenance Methods on Energized Power Lines IEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA24 June 2009IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obta
2、ined through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 516-2009, IEEE Guide for Maintenance Methods on Energized Power Lines. Live-line maintenance of transmission lines began in the early 1920s and developed i
3、nto a major working practice as the transmission systems were expanded and the voltages increased. In the 1950s, when the transmission line voltage exceeded 300 kV line to line, the use of fiberglass to replace wooden tools made a significant change in the industry. Economic conditions prohibited th
4、e construction and operation of redundant lines, and the need for live-line maintenance of transmission line increased rapidly. During the 1950s and 1960s, several papers were written regarding the safety aspects of live-line maintenance. In the early 1970s, the IEEE Transmission and Distribution Co
5、mmittee recognized the need to consolidate information on live-line maintenance, and thus a task group was formed to write a guide. The task group later became the Engineering in Safety, Maintenance, and Operation of Lines (ESMOL) Subcommittee. This guide was started in the late 1970s and was publis
6、hed in 1986 on a trial-use basis. In 1987, the guide was released as a full-use ANSI/IEEE guide. Since the original publication of the guide, the ESMOL Subcommittee has been working on revisions to the guide to bring it up to the current state of the art and into conformance with other international
7、 standards issued in recent years. The ESMOL Subcommittee has added sections from other ESMOL sponsored guides in this edition to expand the scope of the guide to cover more of the industrys needs. In the guide editions up to 1995, most of table data were obtained from plots. In the 2003 guide, the
8、tables were calculated using the formulas in the guide in a step calculation method. In this edition of the guide, the tables were calculated using the formulas in the guide. Additional text has been added on the determination of maximum anticipated per-unit transient overvoltage (TOV) T and use of
9、the minimum air insulation distance (MAID) and minimum approach distance (MAD). During the original development of the guide, it was not intended that it would be used as a document to establish government regulations. However, since its publication in 1986, several government regulatory agencies ha
10、ve used the guide in their rule making. This edition of the guide includes revisions that make it more compatible for use in governmental regulations. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of t
11、his standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance wit
12、h applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. v Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulat
13、ions, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE docume
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16、/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA website at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other stan
17、dards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ ind
18、ex.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is
19、 not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any,
20、or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE
21、 Standards Association. vi Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Live Line Guide Working Group of the Engineering in Safety, Maintenance, and Operation of Lines (ESMOL) Subcommittee had the followi
22、ng membership: Charles W. Grose, Chair Thomas Buonincontri, Vice Chair Gernot Brandt Ken Brown Kris Buchholz James F. Christensen Don Dodds J. Fred Doering Brian Erga George Gela Donald Gillies* Randy Horton Ed Hunt Robert Isiminger Ernie Jones Clay King Nestor Kolcio Keith Lindsey Sandy Martinez Th
23、omas McCarthy George Niles Tim Olson A. D. Pierce Tom Rasler Larry Schweitzer George Stinnett Steve Theis James Tomaseski Tom Verdecchio Keith Wallace David Wallis * The Live Line Guide Working Group acknowledges the contributions of Donald Gillies, who passed away shortly before the publication of
24、this guide. The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Chris Ambrose Gregory Ardrey Stan Arnot Ali Al Awazi Robert Barnett Robert Bendall Harvey Bowles Gernot Brandt Thomas Bu
25、onincontri William Byrd James F. Christensen Robert Christman Kevin Coggins Tommy Cooper Luis Coronado F. A. Denbrock J. Fred Doering Gary L. Donner Gary Engmann Brian Erga David Garrett Waymon Goch Edwin Goodwin Charles W. Grose Randall Groves Ajit Gwal Lee Herron Werner Hoelzl Randy Horton Ed Hunt
26、 Magdi Ishac R. Jackson Gael Kennedy Albert J. Keri Tanuj Khandelwal Yuri Khersonsky J. Koepfinger Nestor Kolcio David W. Krause Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Donald Laird Chung-Yiu Lam Stephen Lambert Keith Lindsey Federico Lopez Faramarz Maghsoodlou Keith Malmedal Thomas McCarthy Daniel Mulkey Jerry
27、Murphy Michael S. Newman T. Olsen Tim Olson Carl Orde Robert Oswald A. D. Pierce Tom Rasler Keith Reese Michael Roberts Charles Rogers Thomas Rozek Bob Saint Bartien Sayogo Dennis Schlender Larry Schweitzer Charles A. Shaw Jeffrey Sisson James E. Smith Jerry Smith R. Sundararajan Michael Swearingen
28、James Tomaseski John Vergis Martin Von Herrmann Carl Wall Keith Wallace Daniel Ward James Wilson vii Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 13 May 2009, it had the following membership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Thomas Prevost, Vice Chair Steve
29、M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary John Barr Karen Bartleson Victor Berman Ted Burse Richard DeBlasio Andy Drozd Mark Epstein Alexander Gelman Jim Hughes Richard H. Hulett Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Ted Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Narayanan Ra
30、machandran Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Howard L. Wolfman, TAB Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Lisa Perry IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document
31、 Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development viii Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Application 2 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 5 3.1 Definitions . 5
32、 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 9 4. Technical considerations 10 4.1 Introduction . 10 4.2 Insulating properties 11 4.3 Air as insulation . 11 4.4 Factors that affect the air insulation . 13 4.5 Air gap distances . 13 4.6 Distance equations . 18 4.7 Factors used to determine MAID, MTID, MAD, Mad f
33、or Tools, and MHAD . 26 4.8 Control of TOVs 46 4.9 Application of MAID, MTID, MAD, MAD for Tools, and MHAD . 49 4.10 Insulation systems 51 5. Tools and equipment 55 5.1 Categories of insulating tools and equipment 55 5.2 Equipment rating . 57 5.3 Electrical current flows 59 5.4 Tool and equipment te
34、sting . 60 5.5 Testing of FRP live work tools 62 5.6 Typical tests for insulating tools 64 5.7 Worksite procedures 65 5.8 Shop or laboratory procedures . 66 5.9 Insulating rope . 76 5.10 Histograms . 76 5.11 Electrical test references 77 5.12 Marking and identificationgeneral . 77 5.13 Restoration o
35、r temporary structures . 77 6. In-service checking and care of insulated tools and equipment 78 6.1 Introduction . 78 6.2 Scope . 79 6.3 Field care, handling, and storage . 79 6.4 Periodic inspection and checking 82 6.5 Maintenance and repair of tools and equipment 84 ix Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rig
36、hts reserved. 7. Work methods 86 7.1 Introduction . 86 7.2 Categories of energized-line maintenance . 86 7.3 Precautions when working energized lines 87 7.4 Requirements when working energized lines 89 7.5 Insulating equipment used in energized-line work 91 7.6 Noninsulating equipment used in energi
37、zed-line work 92 7.7 Insulating devices used in energized-line work . 92 7.8 Methods for positioning personnel 93 7.9 Insulator cleaning 98 8. Work in the vicinity of energized lines and devices . 99 8.1 Introduction . 99 8.2 Physiological aspects of live-line work . 99 8.3 Flame-resistant clothing1
38、02 8.4 RF field protection 102 8.5 Precautions when performing live work .103 8.6 Step and touch voltages 104 8.7 Mechanical equipment 105 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 108 Annex B (informative) Sample distance calculations 111 Annex C (informative) Sample PPAG calculations 119 Annex D (informa
39、tive) Distance tables .121 Annex E (informative) Determining maximum anticipated per-unit TOV (T) 139 1 Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Maintenance Methods on Energized Power Lines IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environ
40、mental protection in all circumstances. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These no
41、tices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/ disclaimers.html
42、. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This guide provides the general recommendations for performing maintenance work on energized power lines. It is not intended to include all of the proven practical methods and procedures; however, these selected comprehensive recommendations are based on sound engineering pri
43、nciples, engineering safety considerations, and field experience by many utilities. Included are technical explanations as required to cover certain laboratory testing of tools and equipment, in-service inspection, maintenance and care of tools and equipment, and work methods for the maintenance of
44、energized lines for persons working in vicinity of energized lines. 1.2 Purpose The purpose of this guide is to a) Present, in one guide, sufficient details of some of the methods and equipment presently in use to enable the performance of energized line maintenance with maximum safety. b) Direct at
45、tention to appropriate standards and other documents for the acquisition of knowledge on the inspection, care, and use of required tools and equipment. c) Provide guidance for establishing an appropriate work area, taking into consideration safety and the physical effects of the work area on personn
46、el. IEEE Std 516-2009 IEEE Guide for Maintenance Methods on Energized Power Lines 2 Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. It is not intended that this guide should replace present proven utility practices or imply that these recommendations are superior to existing practices and, therefore, shou
47、ld be universally adopted as utility standards. This compilation of many accepted practices is presented specifically in the form of a guide to be used by those electric utilities and agencies that are seeking guidance in establishing methods and procedures for maintenance of energized power lines.
48、1.3 Application This guide, although general in scope and purpose, is specific enough to be applicable to all aspects of energized-line maintenance. Since energized-line maintenance practices for different projects are influenced by the magnitude and nature of each project and by local conditions an
49、d circumstances, some alternative methods that have been successfully employed are presented. The practices described provide for the performance of energized-line maintenance with maximum safety. They are based on practices of operating utilities with many years of successful experience. The approach used in this guide is to a) Indicate the engineering and other technical considerations essential to the performance of energized-line maintenance with maximum safety. b) Provide guidance for the necessary test equipment and procedures associated with manufacturer and user
