1、 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USACopyright 1993 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 1993. Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN 1-55937-294-XNo part of this pub
2、lication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Std 858-1993(Revision of IEEE Std 858-1987)IEEE Standard Definitions inPower Operations TerminologySponsorSystems Operations Subcommitteeof theIEEE Power
3、 Engineering SocietyApproved March 18, 1993IEEE Standards BoardAbstract: Terms in the field of power operations are defined.Keywords:power operations, terminologyIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the Technical Committees of theIEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of th
4、e IEEE StandardsBoard. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation.They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed withinIEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Instituteas well as those activities outside of IEE
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6、o the scope of the IEEE Standard.Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued issubject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and com-ments received from users of the standard. Every IEEE Standard is subjected toreview at least eve
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11、cept inthose cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USAIEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute o
12、f Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers without regard to whether their adoption may involve patents on articles,materials, or processes. Such adoption does not assume any liability to any patentowner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standardsdocuments.iiiIntroductio
13、n(This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std 858-1993, IEEE Standard Definitions in Power Operations Terminology.)This publication was prepared by the System Operations Subcommittee of the IEEE Power System Engi-neering Committee, which is a technical committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society
14、 It provides cur-rent definitions for terminology used in power operations.This new standard is a revision of IEEE Std 858-1987, IEEE Standard Definitions in Power Operations Ter-minology, which was a revision of IEEE Standard 346-1973, IEEE Standard Definitions in Power Opera-tions Terminology, In
15、cluding Terms for Reporting and Analyzing Outages of Electrical Transmission andDistribution Facilities and Interruptions to Customer Service, Section 1.The members of the working group that prepared this document consisted of the following people:J. V. Barker, Jr.,ChairDonald M. BenjaminThe followi
16、ng persons were on the balloting committee that approved this document for submission to theIEEE Standards Board:Charles F. Abell L. L. Grigsby E. Kenneth NielsenM. M. Adibi H. H. Happ Jean-Guy PannetonM. D. Anderson David Hayward Walter A. PfunterJames V. Barker D. Wayne Hilson W. R. PrinceDavid L.
17、 Becker L. R. Holmes Michael E. RobertsonRichard A. Bednarik Bahman Hoveida Lawrence RustDonald M. Benjamin S. M. Hoyt John L. ScheidtHerve Boscher N. Jaleeli R. P. SchulteJoseph Bucciero W. A. Johnson George SeyfertR. Burrows Richard J. Kafka S. M. ShahidehpourG. Cauley Thomas Kay P. H. ShounTorste
18、n Cegrell W. R. Kelley Glenn W. StaggMaureen Cooper J. E. Koehler Margaret R. StambachMurray Coultes Clark Landry John T. TengdinDavid Curtice Khai D. Le William L. ThompsonJohn T. Daly Chen-Ching Liu John M. ThorsonJ. Phillip Davis James D. Loock Paula TraynorEdward Dobrowolski J. Y. Louis Floyd J.
19、 TrefnyThomas E. Dyliacco Edward R. Lybrand Louis VanslyckD. N. Ewart Neela Mayur Suri VemuriNader Farah M. McGeeney Edward M. ViplerJames C. Feider Paul F. McGuire Bruce F. WollenbergJay Giri H. D. McNair T. R. WoodwardD. Gold Jack M. Miller J. N. WrubelRobert K. Green Bimal K. Mukherjee Richard Ye
20、eivWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on March 18, 1993 it had the followingmembership: Wallace S. Read,ChairDonald C. Loughry, Vice ChairAndrew G. Salem,SecretaryGilles A. Baril Ben C. Johnson Don T. Michael*Clyde R. Camp Walter J. Karplus Marco W. MigliaroDonald C. Fleckenstein L
21、orraine C. Kevra L. John RankineJay Forster* E. G. “Al” Kiener Arthur K. ReillyDavid F. Franklin Ivor N. Knight Ronald H. ReimerRamiro Garcia Joseph Koepfinger* Gary S. RobinsonDonald N. Heirman D. N. “Jim” Logothetis Leonard L. TrippJim Isaak Donald W. Zipse*Member EmeritusAlso included are the fol
22、lowing nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. AggarwalJames BeallRichard B. EngelmanDavid E. SoffrinStanley I. WarshawChristopher J. BoothIEEE Standards Project EditorvContentsCLAUSE PAGE1. Overview 12. Definitions 11IEEE Standard Definitions inPower Operations Terminology1. OverviewThis
23、standard provides definitions of terms currently in use in the field of power operations.2. Definitions2.1 area control error (ACE).The quantity reflecting the deficiency or excess of power within a controlarea.2.2 automatic generation control.Any supplementary control that automatically adjusts the
24、 power outputlevels of electric generators within a control area. Automatic generation control schemes can include one ormore control subsystem(s), such as load frequency control, economic dispatch, environmental dispatch con-trol, security dispatch control, and the like.2.3 capacity.A measure of th
25、e ability to generate electric power, usually expressed in megawatts or kilo-watts. Capacity can refer to the output of a single generator, a plant, an item of electrical equipment, anentire electric system, or a power pool.2.4 capacity charge.The charge for generation or transmission capacity used
26、or reserved on the sellers sys-tem. Syn:demand charge; reservation charge.2.5 capacity emergency.The operating situation that exists when a system is unable to supply its firmdemand and regulating requirements.2.6 coincident demand.Any demand that occurs simultaneously with any other demand; also, t
27、he sum ofany set of coincident demands.2.7 contingency.The unexpected failure or outage of a system component(s) (generator, transmission line,breaker, switch, etc.).2.8 contract demand.The demand that the supplier of electric service agrees to have available for delivery.2.9 control area.A power sy
28、stem, a part of a power system, or a combination of several power systemsunder common control, that uses tie-line bias control if it is part of an interconnected system.2.10 control center.The facility from which instructions and signals are issued for controlling the bulk elec-tric system, and, in
29、some instances, the distribution system as well.2.11 coordinated operation.Operation of generation and transmission facilities of two or more intercon-nected systems to achieve greater reliability and economy.IEEEStd 858-1993 IEEE STANDARD DEFINITIONS IN22.12 decremental energy cost.The cost avoided
30、 by reducing the production of electric energy below somebase level.2.13 demand.The rate at which electric energy is being used.2.14 demand charge.See:capacity charge.2.15 demand interval.The period during which the demand is integrated.2.16 dependable capacity.The maximum capacity modified for ambi
31、ent limitations that a generating unit,power plant, item of electrical equipment, or system can sustain over a specified period of time.2.17 distribution system.That portion of an electric system that transfers electric energy from the bulk elec-tric system to the customers.2.18 disturbance.(A) Any
32、perturbation to the electric system. (B) An unexpected change in area controlerror (ACE) that exceeds three times Ld, and which is caused by a sudden loss of generation or interruptionof load.2.19 dump energy.Energy generated from any source that cannot be stored and that is beyond the immedi-ate ne
33、eds of the electric system producing the energy.2.20 electric energy.Usually, electric demand integrated over the period of one hour.2.21 electric rate schedule.A statement of an electric rate (charges) and the terms and conditions governingits application. Syn:electric rate tariff.2.22 electric rat
34、e tariff. See:electric rate schedule.2.23 electric system loss.Total electric energy losses in the electric system. It consists of transmission,transformer, and distribution losses between the supply and receiving points.2.24 emergency rating.The level of power flow in excess of the normal rating th
35、at a facility can carry forthe time sufficient for adjustment of transfer schedules or generation dispatch in an orderly manner, withacceptable loss of life to the facility involved.2.25 energy charge.The charge for electric service based upon the electric energy delivered or billed.2.26 energy loss
36、The difference between energy input and output as a result of transfer of energy betweentwo points.2.27 facilities charge.The amount paid by the customer as a lump sum, or periodically, as reimbursementfor facilities furnished. The charge may include operation and maintenance as well as fixed costs
37、2.28 firm capacity.Capacity that is purchased, or sold, at the highest level of system generation availability.It is understood that the seller treats this type of transaction as a demand obligation.2.29 fixed operation cost.Cost other than that associated with investment in plant, which does not v
38、ary orfluctuate with changes in operation or use of plant.2.30 frequency bias.An offset of the scheduled net interchange that varies with frequency error.2.31 frequency error.System frequency minus the scheduled frequency.IEEEPOWER OPERATIONS TERMINOLOGY Std 858-199332.32 frequency response characte
39、ristic.The sum of an areas generation-frequency and load-frequencycharacteristics.2.33 generation-frequency characteristic.The change in area generation of a utility or of a control areathrough governor action that results from a change in system frequency without supplementary controlaction.2.34 gr
40、oss generation.The generated output power at the terminals of the generator.2.35 hydro-thermal coordination.Coordinated operation of hydroelectric, pumped-storage hydro, andsteam electric stations so as to obtain minimum costs for the system over a predetermined period.2.36 inadvertent interchange.T
41、he difference between the control areas net actual interchange and netscheduled interchange.2.37 incremental energy cost.The cost incurred by increasing the production of electric energy above somebase level.2.38 integrated demand.The demand integrated over a specified period divided by that period.
42、2.39 interchange.Energy transferred from one power system to another.2.40 interconnection.The facilities that connect two power systems or control areas.2.41 interruptible load.Demand that can be interrupted by the supplying system in accordance with con-tractual provisions.2.42 lambda (l).System in
43、cremental cost. The additional cost of delivering another one MW of power tothe load center.2.43 Ld.The maximum average area control error allowed for each of the six ten-minute periods during anhour. It is calculated by the following formula:Ld= 0.025 DL+ 5 MWwhere DLis either (A) the greatest hour
44、ly change (either increasing or decreasing) in the control areas netenergy for load that occurred on the day of the control areas winter or summer peak demand, or (B) Theaverage of any ten hourly changes (either increasing or decreasing) in net energy for load that occurred dur-ing the year.2.44 lin
45、e loss.Energy loss on a transmission or distribution line.2.45 load.Demand or energy.2.46 load center.A point at which the load of a given area is assumed to be concentrated for technical eval-uation.2.47 load diversity.The difference between the sum of the maxima of two or more individual loads and
46、 thecoincident of combined maximum load usually measured over a specified period.2.48 load-frequency characteristic.The change in power requirements of a control area load that is causedby a change in system frequency.IEEEStd 858-1993 IEEE STANDARD DEFINITIONS IN42.49 load management.A means of achi
47、eving a reduction of demand and energy by interrupting the cus-tomers electric supply to specific devices or by modifying the devices use characteristics.2.50 load shedding.Disconnecting or interrupting the electrical supply to a customer load by the utility,usually to mitigate the effects of genera
48、ting capacity deficiencies or transmission limitations.2.51 net energy for load.Net system generation plus net energy interchange.2.52 net generation.Gross generation minus station service or unit service power requirements.2.53 noncoincident demand.The sum of the individual maximum demands regardle
49、ss of time occurrencewithin a specified period.2.54 non-spinning reserve.That operating reserve not connected to the system but capable of servingdemand within a specified time, or interruptible load that can be removed from the system in a specifiedtime.2.55 non-utility generator.A facility for generating electricity that is not exclusively owned by an electricutility and that operates connected to an electric utility system.2.56 normal rating.The level of power flow that facilities can carry through a series of daily load cycleswithout loss of life to the facility involved.2.57 oper
