1、IEEE Std C37.101-2006(Revision ofIEEE Std C37.101-1993/IncorporatesIEEE Std C37.101-2006/Cor1:2007)IEEE Guide forGenerator Ground ProtectionIEEE3 Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5997, USA15 November 2007IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by thePower System Relaying CommitteeC37.101TMIEEE Std C37.
2、101-2006(Revision ofIEEE Std C37.101-1993/IncorporatesIEEE Std C37.101-2006/Cor1:2007)IEEE Guide for Generator Ground ProtectionSponsor Power System Relaying Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved 15 September 2006IEEE-SA Standards BoardThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi
3、neers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 15 November 2007. Printed in the United States of America.Corrections were made to Equations (A.1), (A.2), (A.3), and (A.4) as required by
4、 IEEE Std C37.101-2006/Cor1:2007.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions ofany individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright ClearanceCenter.iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.Introduc
5、tionIEEE Std C37.101 was initially published in 1981. It was subsequently revised in 1985 and 1993, andreaffirmed in 2000. The guide is designed for the ground protection of typical steam, hydraulic, andcombustion-turbine generators. Any scheme that is judged to be a good alternative practice for ge
6、neratorground protection is included in the guide. New schemes that have been applied are added to the guide.In this revision, several areas are improved. Among the most notable are the following: Insertion of definition in Clause 3 and addition of Glossary in Annex C. Revised subclause (7.18) on Sc
7、heme 18 for including presently available optional schemes. New subclause (7.20) on Scheme 20 for accidental solid neutral grounding. New subclause (7.21) on Scheme 21 for alternative scheme for increasing the sensitivity of groundcurrent. New subclause (7.22) on Scheme 22 for hybrid ground protecti
8、on (switching low- and high-resistance schemes) for initial ground fault detection with higher sensitivity to an external fault of thegenerator and switching to a high-resistance scheme for a generator ground fault. New clause (Clause 8) on miscellaneous schemes for ground overcurrent relay location
9、s and theassociated benefits. Revised clause (Clause 9) on protective device function numbers for all device numbers. Revised subclause (A.3.5) on third harmonic detection schemes for example third harmonicmeasurements. Incorporate corrections to Equations (A.1), (A.2), (A.3), and (A.4) as required
10、by IEEE Std C37.101-2006/Cor1:2007.Notice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpr
11、etations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken w
12、ith respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingpatents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those
13、 patents that are brought to its attention.This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.101-2006, IEEE Guide for Generator Ground Protection.Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved vParticipantsIEEE Std C37.101-2006At the time this standard was completed, the working group had the following member
14、ship: Joe T. Uchiyama, ChairRatan Das, Vice ChairMike Reichard, Co-Vice ChairThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Munnu BajpaiZeeky BukhalaStephen P. ConradAlbert Darlington Everett Fenne
15、llDale Finney Jon GardellWayne HartmannRai Marttila Charles MozinaRobert D. PettigrewKim SungsooSahib UsmanW. Phil WaudbyJoseph WilsonMurty V.V.S. YallaWilliam J. Ackerman Butch Anton Ali Al Awazi Saber Azizi-Ghannad Michael P. Baldwin Paul D. Barnhart G. J. Bartok Martin F. Best Wallace B. Binder,
16、Jr. Thomas H. Blair Stuart H. Bouchey Steven R. Brockschink Gustavo A. Brunello Stephen P. ConradTommy P. Cooper Randall P. Crellin Ratan Das Kevin E. Donahoe Mark M. Drabkin Paul R. Drum Donald G. DunnW. A. Elmore Gary R. Engmann Rabiz N. Foda Carl J. Fredericks Jeffrey G. Gilbert Stephen E. Grier
17、J. Travis Griffith Randall C. Groves James H. Gurney Ajit K. Gwal Roger A. Hedding Adrienne M. Hendrickson Lee S. Herron Ajit K. Hiranandani Jerry W. Hohn David A. Horvath Dennis Horwitz James D. Huddleston, III David W. Jackson Brian K. Johnson Paul R. Johnson, Jr. James H. Jones Joseph L. Koepfing
18、er Jim Kulchisky Solomon Lee Jason Jy-Shung Lin Lisardo Lourido William G. Lowe William Lumpkins G. L. Luri O. P. Malik Keith N. Malmedal Michael J. McDonald Nigel P. McQuin Gary L. Michel Kimberly Y. Mosley Jerry R. MurphyMichael S. Newman Charles Kamithi Ngethe T. W. Olsen Ralph E. Patterson Carlo
19、s A. O. Peixoto Allan D. St. Peter Robert D. Pettigrew Percy E. Pool Louie J. Powell, Jr.Madan S. Rana Michael A. Roberts Charles W. Rogers M. S. Sachdev Steven Sano Robert L. Seitz David SingletonVeselin S. Skendzic James E. SmithPeter B. Stevens Charles R. SufanaRichard P. Taylor S. ThamilarasanDe
20、metrios A. TziouvarasC. L. WagnerW. Phil WaudbyJames W. Wilson, Jr.Luis E. ZambranoDonald W. ZipseAhmed F. Zobaavi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 15 September 2006, it had the followingmembership:Steve M. Mills,ChairRichard H. Hule
21、tt, Vice ChairDon Wright,Past ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeIEEE Std C37.101-2006/Cor1:2007At the tim
22、e IEEE Std C37.101-2006/Cor1:2007 was completed, the working group had the followingmembership: Joe T. Uchiyama, ChairRatan Das, Vice ChairMike Reichard, Co-Vice ChairMark D. BowmanDennis B. BrophyWilliam R. GoldbachArnold M. GreenspanRobert M. GrowJoanna N. GueninJulian Forster*Mark S. HalpinKennet
23、h S. HanusWilliam B. HopfJoseph L. Koepfinger*David J. LawDaleep C. MohlaT. W. OlsenGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenTom A. PrevostGreg RattaRobby RobsonAnne-Marie SahazizianVirginia C. SulzbergerMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendWalter WeigelHoward L. WolfmanMunnu BajpaiZeeky BukhalaStephen P. Conr
24、adAlbert Darlington Everett FennellDale Finney Jon GardellWayne HartmannRai Marttila Charles MozinaRobert D. PettigrewKim SungsooSahib UsmanW. Phil WaudbyJoseph WilsonMurty V.V.S. YallaCopyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved viiThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on th
25、is corrigendum. Balloters mayhave voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Gary E. ArnstonAli Al Awazi G. J. Bartok David C. BeachKenneth C. BehrendtWallace B. Binder, Jr. William G. BloetheOscar E. BoladoStuart H. Bouchey Steven R. Brockschink Gustavo A. Brunello Stephen
26、P. ConradTommy P. Cooper Louis m. CoronadoRatan Das F. A. Denbrock Gary L DonnerPaul R. DrumAhmed F. ElneweihiGary EngmannJonathan D. GardellJeffrey G. Gilbert Jalal GohariManuel GonzalezStephen E. Grier Randall C. GrovesSteve HamiltonRoger A. Hedding Hamidreza HeidarisafaGary A. HeustonJerry W. Hoh
27、n David A. Horvath James D. Huddleston, III R. Jackson Brian K. Johnson Gerald F. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Raluca E. LascuKeith N. Malmedal Omar S. MazzoniMichael J. McDonald Gary L. Michel Dean H. MillerJerry R. MurphyMichael S. Newman Joe W. NimsT. W. Olsen Allan D. St. Peter Chri
28、stopher J. PettigrewRobert D. Pettigrew Bruce PickettLouie J. Powell, Jr.Madan S. Rana Michael A. Roberts Charles W. Rogers Steven Sano Bartien SayogoJames E. SmithPeter B. Stevens Richard P. Taylor S. ThamilarasanJames E. TimperleyDemetrios A. TziouvarasJoe T. UchiyamaJohn A. VergisW. Phil WaudbyJa
29、mes W. Wilson, Jr.Larry E. YonceRichard C. YoungAhmed F. Zobaaviii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this corrigendum on 26 September 2007, it had the followingmembership: Steve M. Mills,ChairRobert M. Grow, Vice ChairDon Wright,Past ChairJudith Gorma
30、n,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDon MessinaIEEE Standards Program Manager, Document DevelopmentMatthew CegliaIEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Progr
31、am DevelopmentRichard DeBlasioAlex GelmanWilliam R. GoldbachArnold M. GreenspanJoanna N. GueninJulian Forster*Kenneth S. HanusWilliam B. HopfRichard H. HulettHermann KochJoseph L. Koepfinger*John KulickDavid J. LawGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenTom A. PrevostNarayanan RamachandranGreg RattaRobby Rob
32、sonAnne-Marie SahaziziaVirginia C. SulzbergerMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendHoward L. WolfmanCopyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved ixContents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 11.3 Description of the guide. 22. Normative references. 23. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 23.1 Definit
33、ions 23.2 Acronyms and abbreviations 34. Summary of protection schemes 35. Generator connections . 75.1 Example use of Table 1 96. Generator grounding methods 96.1 Method IEffective high-resistance ground with a distribution transformer. 106.2 Method IIHigh-resistance ground with a neutral ground re
34、sistor 106.3 Method IIILow-resistance ground with a neutral ground resistor . 106.4 Method IVLow-reactance ground with a neutral ground reactor 116.5 Method VResonant ground with a ground fault neutralizer 116.6 Method VIHigh-resistance ground with a delta-grounded-wye transformer. 116.7 Method VIIM
35、edium-resistance ground with a delta-grounded-wye transformer 126.8 Method VIIIUngrounded .126.9 Method IXHybrid ground (switching low resistance to high resistance) 127. Protective schemes. 127.1 Scheme 1Ground overvoltage (complete shutdown). 137.2 Scheme 2Ground overvoltage (permissive shutdown)
36、157.3 Scheme 3Ground overvoltage exceed rated relay voltage (alarm and time-delay shutdown) 167.4 Scheme 4Ground overvoltage exceed rated relay voltage (alarm) 167.5 Scheme 5SStart-up ground overvoltage (complete shutdown) 177.6 Scheme 6Ground fault neutralizer (alarm and time-delay shutdown). 187.7
37、 Scheme 7Grounded wye-broken-delta VTs with ground overvoltage (complete shutdown) 207.8 Scheme 8SStart-up grounded wye-broken-delta VTs with ground overvoltage (complete shutdown) 217.9 Scheme 9Secondary-connected CT, time-delay ground overcurrent (complete shutdown) 217.10 Scheme 10Primary-connect
38、ed CT, time-delay ground overcurrent (complete shutdown) 227.11 Scheme 11Instantaneous ground overcurrent (alarm and/or complete shutdown) 237.12 Scheme 12Generator leads ground overcurrent (complete shutdown) 24x Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.7.13 Scheme 13Three-wire generator leads with
39、 window CT, instantaneous ground overcurrent (complete shutdown) 257.14 Scheme 14Four-wire generator leads with window CT, instantaneous ground overcurrent (complete shutdown) 267.15 Scheme 15Generator percentage differential (complete shutdown) 277.16 Scheme 16Current-polarized directional overcurr
40、ent relay. 277.17 Scheme 17Generator percentage differential relay on delta-connected generator (complete shutdown) 287.18 Scheme 18100% stator winding ground protection schemes 297.19 Scheme 19Alternate stator winding protection with high-impedance relays 367.20 Scheme 20Generator neutral overcurre
41、nt protection for an accidental solid ground fault 377.21 Scheme 21Directional ground fault protection for high-resistance ground bus connected generators (multi-ground) 387.22 Scheme 22Hybrid ground protection for high-resistance grounded bused generator and ungrounded distribution system 398. Misc
42、ellaneous considerations 409. Protective device function numbers. 42Annex A (informative) Stator ground protection for a high-resistance grounded generator. 44Annex B (informative) Ground protection example to determine the percent coverage of a high-impedance differential relay 58Annex C (informati
43、ve) Glossary 61Annex D (informative) Bibliography. 64Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Guide for Generator Ground Protection1. Overview1.1 ScopeThe guide is intended to assist protection engineers in applying relays and relaying schemes for protectionagainst stator ground faults on vari
44、ous generator grounding schemes. The existing guide is outdated due torapid technology development. Hence, the revised guide includes new stator ground protection principlesthat have evolved with the use of new technologies in relay designs. Additional application examples areincluded, and other iss
45、ues raised by the users are also addressed. The guide is not intended for the selectionof generator or ground connection schemes.The recommendations made pertain to typical generator installations. However, sufficient backgroundinformation relating to protection requirements, applications, and setti
46、ng philosophy is given to enable thereader to evaluate the need to select and apply suitable protection for most situations.1.2 PurposeThe guide was prepared, in part, to cover new areas due to rapid technology development. The workinggroup has made revision and expansion of the earlier version to i
47、nclude those areas. In addition, the protective function discussed in this guide may be implemented with a multifunctionmicroprocessor-based protection system (digital system). The protection philosophy, practices, and limitsare essentially identical to those of the implementation using discrete com
48、ponent relays. The algorithmsused to perform some of the protection functions may be different, but should produce equal or betterprotection. However, the performance and capability of the digital systems may be superior due to improvedfrequency response (bandwidth) and thresholds (pickup settings).
49、 Other additional features may be availablefrom these systems, like digital fault recording, that enhance the functionality. The improved frequencyresponse and multiple settings groups may be beneficial, especially for start-up protection where olderrelays needed to be blocked from operation and additional dedicated start-up protective relays aretraditionally applied. The start-up relays may not be required with the use of the microprocessor-basedprotection. IEEEStd C37.101-2006 IEEE GUIDE2Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved
