1、IEEE Std C37.102-2006(Revision ofIEEE Std C37.102-1995)IEEE Guide forAC Generator ProtectionI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA16 February 2007IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by thePower System Relaying CommitteeIEEE Std C37.102-2006(R2012)(Revision ofIEEE Std C37.102-1995)IEEE
2、 Guide for AC Generator ProtectionSponsor Power System Relaying Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved 16 November 2006IEEE-SA Standards Board5HDIILUPHG HFHPEHU 20The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2007 by th
3、e Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 16 February 2007. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions ofany individual standard for educational classroom us
4、e can also be obtained through the Copyright ClearanceCenter.ivCopyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionIEEE Std C37.102 was initially published in 1987. It was subsequently revised in 1995 and reaffirmed in2002. The guide is designed for the protection of typical steam, hydraulic, and c
5、ombustion turbinegenerators (CTGs). Schemes that are judged to be good alternative practice for generator protection areincluded. New schemes that have gained acceptance and usage have been added to the guide.In this revision of IEEE Std C37.102-1995, several areas were improved. Among the most nota
6、ble are thefollowing additions: A new clause (Clause 6) on multifunction generator protection systems (MGPS) A new annex (Annex A) on sample calculations for setting of generator protection functionsNotice to usersErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the followin
7、g URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.InterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the
8、 possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifyingp
9、atents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or forconducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.ParticipantsThe following is a list of participants in the Revision of AC Generator Protectio
10、n Guide Working Group: Murty V.V.S. Yalla,ChairKevin Stephan,Vice ChairMunnu BajpaiMatt BaslerGabriel BenmouyalZeeky BukhalaSteve ConradTerry CrawleyAlbert DarlingtonRatan DasEverett FennellJonathan GardellWayne HartmannPatrick KerriganShoukat KhanPrem KumarRaimo MarttilaCharles MozinaSubhash PatelR
11、obert PettigrewR.Vittal RebbapragadaMichael ReichardSam N. SambasivanMichael ThompsonJoe UchiyamaSahib UsmanW. Phil WaudbyThis introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.102-2006, IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection.Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reservedvThe following members of the individual ba
12、lloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William AckermanAli Al AwaziJay AndersMarcos AndradeJohn AppleyardStan J. ArnotSabir Azizi-GhannadMunnu BajpaiMichael BaldwinGeorge BartokFarouk BaxterThomas BeckwithGabriel BenmouyalThomas Bi
13、shopThomas Blackburn, IIIOscar BoladoStuart BorlaseStuart BoucheySteven BrockschinkDaniel BrosnanGustavo BrunelloJeff BurnworthWeijen ChenSimon R. ChanoSimon H. ChengKeith ChowTerry ConradLuis CoronadoTerry CrawleyJohn CrouseStephen DareRatan DasR. DaubertByron DavenportMatthew DavisPaul DrumDonald
14、DunnAhmed El-SerafiWalter ElmoreAhmed ElneweihiGary EngmannJorge Fernndez-DaherJay FischerCarl FredericksJonathan GardellTrilok GargAnthony GiulianteRon GreenthalerWilliam GriesackerTravis GriffithAjit GwalPaul HamerWayne HartmannRoger HeddingAdrienne HendricksonCharles HenvilleGary HeustonRobert Ho
15、eraufJerry HohnEdward Horgan Jr.John HorwathDennis HorwitzJames D. Huddleston, IIIJames InglesonDavid JacksonJoseph JancauskasBrian JohnsonGerald JohnsonReinhard JohoJames H. JonesInnocent KamwaPatrick KerriganYuri KhersonskyGeoffrey KlempnerJoseph L. KoepfingerDavid KornegayEdward KrizauskasPrem Ku
16、marJames LauQuang-Minh LeWei-Jen LeeBoyd LeuenbergerBlane LeuschnerJason LinBill LockleyLisardo LouridoWilliam LoweGregory LuriAl MaguireKeith MalmedalWilliam MarshJesus MartinezRaimo MarttilaMichael McDonaldMark McGranaghanNigel McQuinMichael MeisingerJames MichalecGary MichelBill MoncriefCharles M
17、orseWilliam MoylanCharles MozinaBrian MugalianJerry MurphyPratap MysoreKrste NajdenkoskiBrad NelsonMichael NewmanNils NilssonGreg NolanT. W. OlsenCarlos PeixotoLorraine PaddenSubhash PatelRobert PettigrewIulian ProfirMadan RanaR. VittalRebbapragadaMichael ReichardMichael RobertsCharles RogersJames R
18、uggieriTarkeshwar SinghDaniel SabinMohindar S. SachdevSam N. SambasivanSteven SanoRobert SchuergerStephen ShullTarlochan SidhuChuck SimmonsDave SingletonJames E. SmithJerry SmithAllan St. PeterKevin StephanPeter StevensCharles SufanaRick TaylorShanmugan ThamilarasanMichael ThompsonDemetrios Tziouvar
19、asEric UdrenGerald VaughnJoe WatsonW. Phil WaudbyThomas WiedmanJames WilsonJohn YaleMurty V.V.S. YallaLarry YonceLuis ZambranoKarl ZimmermanAhmed ZobaaviCopyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 16 November 2006, it had the followingmembershi
20、p:Steve M. Mills,ChairRichard H. Hulett, Vice ChairDon Wright,Past ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeRichard DeBlasio, DOE RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDon
21、MessinaIEEE Standards Program Manager, Document DevelopmentMatthew J. CegliaIEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program DevelopmentMark D. BowmanDennis B. BrophyWilliam R. GoldbachArnold M. GreenspanRobert M. GrowJoanna N. GueninJulian Forster*Mark S. HalpinKenneth S. HanusWilliam B. HopfJosep
22、h L. Koepfinger*David J. LawDaleep C. MohlaT. W. OlsenGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenTom A. PrevostGreg RattaRobby RobsonAnne-Marie SahazizianVirginia C. SulzbergerMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendWalter WeigelHoward L. WolfmanCopyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reservedviiContents1. Scope 11.1 Descr
23、iption of the guide. 12. Normative references. 23. Description of generators, excitation systems, and generating station arrangements 33.1 Generator winding design and arrangements. 33.2 Generator grounding 43.3 Excitation systems . 73.4 Generating station arrangements 104. Protection requirements .
24、 144.1 Generator stator thermal protection . 144.2 Field thermal protection. 174.3 Generator stator fault protection 194.4 Generator rotor field protection . 464.5 Generator abnormal operating conditions 504.6 Backup protection 744.7 Generator breaker failure protection 794.8 Excitation system prote
25、ction 814.9 Power transformer protection through mechanical fault detection 845. Other protective considerations . 855.1 Current transformers 855.2 Voltage transformers 865.3 Protection during start-up or shutdown 905.4 Inadvertent energizing . 945.5 Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) . 975.6 Transmissi
26、on line reclosing near generating stations 985.7 Synchronizing 996. Multifunction generator protection systems 1016.1 Introduction 1016.2 Application on a typical generating unit 1026.3 Testing of MGPSs 1067. Protection specification 1077.1 Protective arrangements. 1087.2 Protective functions . 116A
27、nnex A (informative) Sample calculations for settings of generator protection functions . 124Annex B (informative) Bibliography. 155Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reservedviiiCopyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection1. ScopeThis application guide for the relay
28、 protection of synchronous generators presents a review of the generallyaccepted forms of protection for the synchronous generator and its excitation system. It summarizes the useof relays and devices and serves as a guide for the selection of equipment to obtain adequate protection. Theguide is pri
29、marily concerned with protection against faults and abnormal operating conditions for largehydraulic, steam, and combustion turbine generators. Basing generator protection on machine size isdifficult because the desired protection may be determined more by the importance of the generator to thepower
30、 system than by the size of the generator.The recommendations made pertain to typical synchronous generator installations. However, sufficientbackground information relating to protection requirements, applications, and setting philosophy is given toenable the reader to evaluate the need, to select,
31、 and to apply suitable protection for most situations.The protective functions discussed in this guide may be implemented with a multifunction microprocessorbased protection system (digital system). The protection philosophy, practices, and limits are essentiallyidentical to those of the implementat
32、ion using discrete component relays. The algorithms used to performsome of the protection functions may be different, but should produce equal or better protection. However,the performance and capability may be superior using the digital systems such as improved frequencyresponse (bandwidth) and thr
33、esholds (pickup settings). Other additional features may be available fromthese digital systems that enhance the functionality.This guide does not purport to detail the protective requirements of all generators in every situation. Forexample, standby and emergency-use generators are specifically exc
34、luded. 1.1 Description of the guideClause 3 presents a brief description of typical generator design and connections, generator groundingpractices, excitation systems design, and generating station arrangements. The intent of this clause is topresent information that affects the protection arrangeme
35、nt and selection of protective relays.A discussion of auxiliary system transfer and the possible negative impacts of misoperation and faults onthese systems are beyond the scope of this guide.IEEEStd C37.102-1006 IEEE GUIDE FOR AC GENERATOR PROTECTION2Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.The met
36、hods employed for grounding and fusing the secondary circuits of voltage transformers (VTs) andthe methods for grounding current transformer (CT) secondary circuits are not generally the same for allinstallations. CT and VT secondary circuits should be grounded in accordance with IEEE Std C57.13.3.1
37、Clause 4 briefly describes the damaging effects of faults and abnormal operating conditions and the type ofdevices and their settings commonly used to detect these conditions. A clear understanding of the effects ofabnormalities on generators will assist the reader in evaluating the need for and the
38、 means of obtainingadequate generator protection in any specific situation.Clause 5 presents a discussion of other forms of protection and factors that may be considered in thegenerator zone.Clause 6 describes multifunction generator protection systems (MGPS) and presents an application on atypical
39、generating unit and includes information on testing of MGPS. Clause 7 presents detailed diagrams that are classified according to the method by which the generator isconnected to the system. These diagrams show the combination of relays (and their control function) oftenapplied for generator and exc
40、itation system protection in accordance with good engineering practices. Thesediagrams also consider the protective devices on other equipment in or adjacent to the generating station thatare connected to trip or shut down the generator.Annex A describes sample calculations for settings of generator
41、 protection functions. 2. Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments or corrigenda)
42、applies.IEC 60034-1, Rotating Electrical MachinesPart 1: Rating and Performance.2IEC 60034-3, Rotating Electrical MachinesPart 3: Specific Requirements for Cylindrical Rotor Synchro-nous Machines.IEEE Std 67, IEEE Guide for Operation and Maintenance of Turbine Generators.3,4IEEE Std 142, IEEE Recomm
43、ended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems(IEEE Green Book).IEEE Std 421.1, IEEE Standard Definitions for Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines.IEEE Std 502, IEEE Guide for Protection, Interlocking, and Control of Fossil-Fueled Unit-ConnectedSteam Stations.IEEE Std
44、 C37.91, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Power Transformers.1Information on references can be found in Clause 2.2IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3, ruede Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerlan
45、d/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publications are also available in the United Statesfrom the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/).3IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and
46、Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854,USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/).4The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.IEEEIEEE GUIDE FOR AC GENERATOR PROTECTION Std C37.102-2006Copyrigh
47、t 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved.3IEEE Std C37.110, IEEE Guide for the Application of Current Transformers Used for Protective RelayingPurposes. IEEE Std C50.12, IEEE Standard for Salient-Pole 50 and 60 Hz Synchronous Generators and Generator/Motors for Hydraulic Turbine Applications Rated 5 MVA and
48、 Above.IEEE Std C50.13, IEEE Standard for Cylindrical-Rotor 50 and 60 Hz, Synchronous Generators Rated10 MVA and Above. IEEE Std C57.13, IEEE Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers.IEEE Std C57.13.3, IEEE Guide for Grounding of Instrument Transformer Secondary Circuits and Cases.IEEE Std
49、C62.92.2, IEEE Guide for the Application of Neutral Grounding in Electrical Utility Systems,Part IIGrounding of Synchronous Generator Systems. 3. Description of generators, excitation systems, and generating station arrangements3.1 Generator winding design and arrangementsThe stator windings of a three-phase synchronous generator consist of a number of single-turn or multi-turncoils that are connected in series to form a single-phase circuit. One of these circuits or several circuitsconnected in parallel are used to form a
