1、IEEE Std C37.108-2002(Revision of C37.108-1989)IEEE StandardsC37.108TMIEEE Guide for the Protectionof Network TransformersPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA19 September 2002IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by the
2、Power System Relaying CommitteeIEEE StandardsPrint: SH94988PDF: SS94988The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2002 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 19 September 2002.
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4、 Inc. IEEE Green Book and IEEE Buff Book are registered trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.Print: ISBN 0-7381-3257-8 SH94988PDF: ISBN 0-7381-3258-6 SS94988No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
5、without the prior written permission of the publisher.Recognized as anAmerican National Standard (ANSI)IEEE Std C37.108-2002 (R2007)(Revision ofIEEE Std C37.108-1989)IEEE Guide for the Protection of Network TransformersSponsorPower System Relaying Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApprove
6、d 21 March 2002Reaffirmed 5 December 2007IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: Guidelines for the application of network protectors are established. The use of networktransformers and protectors with distributed resources is addressed.Keywords: distribution generation, master relay, network limiter, netw
7、ork protector, network relays,network transformers, spot networksIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of theIEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards through a consensusdevelopment proces
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23、 or for conducting inquiries into thelegal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.108-2002, IEEE Guide for the Protection of Network Transformers.)This guide was prepa
24、red by the Network Transformer Protection Working Group of the SubstationProtection Subcommittee of the IEEE Power System Relaying Committee. This guide is intended to aid inthe effective application of relays and other devices for the protection of power transformers in networktransformer vaults. N
25、ew additions to this guide include clauses on distributed source generation and networkdistribution Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA).Network distribution systems differ from radial distribution systems due to several factors. These factorsinclude: high-fault currents on the low-volta
26、ge side of the transformers, possible frequent operation ofnetwork protectors, varying practices of providing dedicated high-voltage transformer protection, connedspaces, backfeed issues, and proximity to dense public populations in city streets and ofce buildings.Protection techniques presented in
27、this guide will help minimize the effects and damage caused by networkfaults. However, proper protection applications are only a supplement to other important issues related tonetwork power equipment. These issues, covered in other appropriate publications, include the followingitems:a) Vault and eq
28、uipment design, construction, operation, and maintenance should conform with applica-ble standards and regulations, including company, municipal, state, and country operating rules.b) Manufacturers recommended operating and maintenance procedures should always be utilized. ParticipantsAt the time th
29、is guide was approved, the working group membership was as follows:C. R. Sufana, ChairJ. J. Horwath, ViceChairC. H. CastroW. T. ChewS. P. ConradC. J. CookD. J. FinleyD. FultonS. E. GrierJ. W. HohnH. D. JohamR. J. LandmanJ. MoffatG. P. MoskosK. K. MustaphiA. P. NapikoskiS. PhegleyH. J. PintoR. V. Reb
30、bapragadaD. R. SmithT. E. WiedmanivCopyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.The following members of the balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted forapproval, disapproval, or abstention. Hanna E. AbdallahWilliam J. AckermanAlexander P. ApostolovThomas M. BarnesGeorge J. B
31、artokRobert W. BeckwithKenneth L. BlackJack A. BuchsbaumJohn F. BurgerJeffrey A. BurnworthSimon R. ChanoJames F. ChristensenStephen P. ConradKen L. CooleyRobert W. DempseyFrank A. DenbrockWilliam K. DickClifford DownsAhmed ElneweihiMarkus E. EtterDennis R. FalkenheimJoseph R. FragolaJeffrey G. Gilbe
32、rtStephen E. GrierE. A. GuroRobert W. HaasDavid L. HarrisRoy E. HartIrwin O. HasenwinkleRoger A. HeddingCharles F. HenvilleGary R. HoffmanJerry W. HohnJohn J. HorwathJames D. Huddleston, IIIJames W. InglesonGeorge G. KaradyMark J. KempkerHermann KochTerry L. KrummreyRobert LandmanLawrence M. Laskows
33、kiWilliam J. Marsh, Jr.J. E. McConnellMichael J. McDonaldM. MeisingerA. P. Sakis MeliopoulosGary L. MichelDaleep C. MohlaGeorge MoskosCharles J. MozinaBrian MugalianGeorge R. NailPhilip R. NanneryBenson P. NgMichael W. PateShashi G. PatelCarlos O. PeixotoGary A. PetersenAlan C. PierceHenry PintoJohn
34、 M. PostforooshRoger E. RayRadhakrishna V. RebbapragadaPaulo F. RibeiroJesus Martinez RodriguezMiriam P. SandersDavid ShaferTarlochan SidhuMark S. SimonPatrick SmithJames E. StephensPeter G. StewartJames E. StonerWilliam M. StrangCharles R. SufanaMalcolm J. SwansonRichard P. TaylorBill ThompsonJames
35、 S. ThorpCharles F. ToddDemetrios A. TziouvarasJoe T. UchiyamaEric A. UdrenCharles L. WagnerKen D. WhiteThomas E. WiedmanGeorg WildDavid J. ZapraznyJanusz ZawadzkiKarl ZimmermanJohn A. ZippJohn A. ZulaskiCopyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.vWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standar
36、d on 21 March 2002, it had the followingmembership:James T. Carlo,ChairJames H. Gurney,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeSatish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeNoelle D. HumenickIE
37、EE Standards Project EditorSid BennettH. Stephen BergerClyde R. CampRichard DeBlasioHarold E. EpsteinJulian Forster*Howard M. FrazierToshio FukudaArnold M. GreenspanRaymond HapemanDonald M. HeirmanRichard H. HulettLowell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepnger*Peter H. LipsNader MehravariDaleep C. MohlaWillaim
38、 J. MoylanMalcolm V. ThadenGeoffrey O. ThompsonHoward L. WolfmanDon WrightviCopyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Overview 12. References 23. Definitions 34. General background. 44.1 Network development 44.2 Application considerations of adding protection to spot-network vaults versus
39、grid-network vaults 65. Operation of equipment in a network transformer vault under fault conditions 65.1 Primary feeder faults 65.2 Network equipment faults 76. Methods available to provide improved network transformer protection . 106.1 Electrical detection of faults 106.2 Mechanical detection of
40、faults. 136.3 Thermal detection of faults 146.4 Ultraviolet detectors. 157. High-voltage, fault-interrupting devices 157.1 Circuit breakers 157.2 Remotely located circuit breakers with transfer tripping. 157.3 Fault interrupters 167.4 Power fuses and current-limiting fuses 168. Low-voltage, fault-in
41、terrupting devices. 188.1 Network protector 188.2 Low-voltage fuses 189. Distributed source generation 1810. Network distribution SCADA 20Annex A (informative) Response of network relays to system faults . 21Annex B (informative) Example: 12.5 kV/480Y/277 V spot vault network transformer protection
42、24Annex C (normative) Other concepts being investigated 29Annex D (informative) Bibliography. 30Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Guide for the Protection of Network Transformers1. OverviewNetwork transformer vaults are re retardant enclosures normally within or adjacent to buildings or
43、underneath streets and alleys. They typically contain two or more power transformers. These transformersare supplied from different subtransmission or distribution lines and are paralleled on their low-voltage sidethrough circuit interrupting devices called network protectors.Typically, high-voltage
44、 current-interruptingdevices have not been applied within the network vault. The low-voltage bus of a network vault may beelectrically tied to a number of other vaults to form a network secondary distribution system, which will becalled a low-voltage network gridin this guide, or each individual vau
45、lt may stand alone as a spot network.Aone-transformer vault can be considered a network vault if connected to other such vaults via low-voltagecables.Low voltage in this guide implies 600 V or less, and high voltage implies 2400 to 34 500 V. Typical lowvoltages are 208Y/120 V, 480Y/277 V, and 600Y/3
46、47 V. A typical high voltage is 12 500 V.Low-voltage network systems have been used since the 1920s as a method of providing a highly reliablesource of electrical power to densely populated commercial areas, such as ofce buildings. Equipmentprotection within the network vaults is typically limited.
47、Historically, users have depended upon the physicaldesign of the vault to limit the risks of fault damage for faults within the vault. They have relied upon remotedetection and interruption for transformer faults and low-voltage devices, such as transformer fuse links andlow-voltage cable limiters,
48、to provide a measure of low-voltage bus fault protection.This guide is intended to aid those engineers who have reevaluated problems associated with faults withinnetwork vaults, particularly for those network vaults located within or near high-rise buildings. It will alsoidentify currently available
49、 devices that are being used in network transformer protection schemes. Thesedevices should act to sense the fault and initiate fault interruption locally or remotely, thereby minimizingdamage and restoration time. These devices will be described as to their fault detecting capabilities. Several annexes are included with this guide. Annex A describes network protector response for high-voltage feeder faults. An example utilizing a number of protective schemes is presented in Annex B.Annex C addresses other concepts that are currently being investigated. Annex D pr
