1、IEEE Guide for Interpretation of Gases Generated in Natural Ester and Synthetic Ester-Immersed Transformers Sponsored by the Transformers Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA IEEE Power and Energy Society IEEE Std C57.155-2014 IEEE Std C57.155-2014 IEEE Guide for Interpretation o
2、f Gases Generated in Natural Ester and Synthetic Ester-Immersed Transformers Sponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society Approved 3 November 2014 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: Natural and synthetic ester-immersed transformers are handled in this guide. The following is ad
3、dressed in this guide: a) The theory of combustible gas generation in a natural and synthetic ester-filled transformerb) Interpretation of the dissolved gas analysis resultsc) Recommended actions based on the interpretation of dissolved gas analysis resultsd) A bibliography of related literatureKeyw
4、ords: DGA, dielectric liquid, dissolved gas analysis, high oleic sunflower liquid, IEEE C57.155, insulating liquid, liquid-immersed transformer, natural ester, rapeseed liquid, soybean liquid, synthetic ester The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 100
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34、 own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. v Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Natural Ester and Syntheti
35、c Ester-Immersed Transformers Working Group had the following membership: Paul Boman, Chair John Luksich, Secretary Roberto Asano Ray Bartnikas Claude Beauchemin Philip Chadderdon Luiz Cheim Donald Cherry Donald Chu C. Clair Claiborne James Dukarm Michel Duval Norman Fields George K. Frimpong Rainer
36、 Frotscher Vicente Garcia-Colon Jeffrey Golarz James Graham S. Joon Han David Hanson John Harley Mohammad Hussain Jesse Inkpen Jos Izquierdo Joseph Kelly Zan Kiparizoski Egon Kirchenmayer Richard Ladroga Lance Lewand Mark McNalley Charles Patrick McShane Jerry Murphy Nicholas Perjanik Jeewan Puri Ew
37、ald Schweiger H. Jin Sim Brian Sparling Gregory Stem Craig Stiegemeier David Sundin Lin Tong Dharam Vir Barry Ward David Woodcock Xu Shuzhen Luke Van der Zel The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or absten
38、tion. Stephen Antosz Javier Arteaga Roberto Asano Barry Beaster Robert Beavers Wallace Binder Thomas Bishop Thomas Blackburn William Bloethe W. Boettger Paul Boman Chris Brooks Thomas Callsen Paul Cardinal Juan Castellanos Donald Cherry C. Clair Claiborne Willaim Darovny Alan Darwin Dieter Dohnal Ga
39、ry Donner Randall Dotson James Dukarm Jorge Fernandez Daher Joseph Foldi Bruce Forsyth Doaa Galal Mel George, V Ali Ghafourian James Graham Randall Groves Bal Gupta Ajit Gwal John Harley David Harris Roger Hayes Joshua Herz Gary Heuston Philip Hopkinson Laszlo Kadar Sheldon Kennedy Joseph L. Koepfin
40、ger David Krause Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu John Lackey Chung-Yiu Lam Thomas La Rose John Luksich Thomas Lundquist Greg Luri Lee Matthews Susan McNelly Charles Patrick McShane Joseph Melanson Anthony Mulherin Daniel Mulkey Jerry Murphy K. R. M. Nair Arthur Neubauer Michael Newman Joe Nims Lorraine P
41、adden Bansi Patel Alvaro Portillo Jean-Christophe Riboud John Roach Michael Roberts Oleg Roizman John Rossetti Marnie Roussell Thomas Rozek Daniel Sauer Bartien Sayogo Hyeong Sim James Smith Brian Sparling David Stankes Gary Stoedter James Swank John Vergis Jane Verner Barry Ward Kenneth White Kipp
42、Yule vi Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 3 November 2014, it had the following membership: John Kulick, Chair Jon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Peter Balma Farooq Bari Ted
43、Burse Clint Chaplin Stephen Dukes Jean-Philippe Faure Gary Hoffman Michael Janezic Jeffrey Katz Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ron Petersen Adrian Stephens Peter Sutherland Yatin Trivedi Phil Winston Don Wright Yu Yuan *Member EmeritusAlso includ
44、ed are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Catherine Berger IEEE-SA Content Publishing Erin Spiewak IEEE-SA Technical Community Programs x Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 11
45、.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Limitation 2 2. Normative references 23. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 33.1 Definitions . 3 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 3 4. General theory 44.1 Background 4 5. Interpretation of gas analysis 65.1 Cellulose thermal decomposition. 6 5.2 Pyrolysis 7 5.3 E
46、lectric discharge decomposition 7 6. Application of DGA to electrical equipment 76.1 Threshold transformer gas concentrations . 7 6.2 Recognition of a gassing problemestablishing operating priorities . 8 6.3 Suggested operating procedures utilizing the detection and analysis of combustible gases 9 6
47、.4 Determining combustible gas generating rates .11 7. Procedures for obtaining samples 12Annex A (informative) DGA database statistical analysis 13 A.1 Data preparation .13 A.2 Statistical analysis 13 A.3 Results of the analysis15 Annex B (informative) ASTM D7150 stray gas results 16 Annex C (infor
48、mative) Stray gassing due to fluorescent light exposure .17 Annex D (informative) Laboratory pyrolysis experiment information .18 Annex E (informative) EPRI laboratory pyrolysis and arcing experiment information 26 E.1 Pyrolysis EPRI laboratory experiment summary .26 E.2 Arcing laboratory experiment
49、 summary .27 Annex F (informative) Theory 28 F.1 Causes of gas formation .30 Annex G (informative) Duval Triangle analysis method 34 G.1 Example .34 Annex H (informative) Case study 37 H.1 Soybean-based natural ester liquid case study 37 H.2 Synthetic ester insulating liquid case studies .39 xi Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex I (informative) Bibliography 40 xii Copyright 2014 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Interpretation of Gases Generated in Natural Ester and Synthetic Ester-Immersed Transformers IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents a
