1、IEEE Guide for Tank Rupture Mitigation of Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers and ReactorsIEEE Std C57.156-2016IEEE Power and Energy SocietySponsored by the Transformers CommitteeIEEE3 Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5997USAIEEE Std C57.156-2016IEEE Guide for Tank Rupture Mitigation of Liquid-Immersed
2、Power Transformers and ReactorsSponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy SocietyApproved 30 June 2016IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: Measures that may be taken to help mitigate tank rupture of energized liquid-immersed power transformers and reactors due to internal electrical fau
3、lts are described in this guide. The release of insulating fluid or insulating fluid mist due to failure of the following components are not covered in this guide: load tap changer compartments, bushings and their turrets, conservator tank, piping, valves, pumps, and radiators.Keywords: IEEE C57.156
4、 mitigation, tankThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2016 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 21 December 2016. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a reg
5、istered trademark in the U.S. Patent fitness for a particular purpose; non-infringement; and quality, accuracy, effectiveness, currency, or completeness of material. In addition, IEEE disclaims any and all conditions relating to: results; and workmanlike effort. IEEE standards documents are supplied
6、 “AS IS” and “WITH ALL FAULTS.”Use of an IEEE standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE standard. Furthermore, the viewp
7、oint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard.In publishing and making its standards available, IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other se
8、rvices for, or on behalf of, any person or entity nor is IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing any IEEE Standards document, should rely upon his or her own independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumst
9、ances or, as appropri-ate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the appropriateness of a given IEEE standard.IN NO EVENT SHALL IEEE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: PROCURE-MENT OF SUBST
10、ITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CON-TRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE PUBLICATION, USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON ANY STANDARD, EVEN
11、IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGE WAS FORESEEABLE.4Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.TranslationsThe IEEE consensus development process involves the review of documents in English only. In the event that an IEEE standard is translated, only the
12、 English version published by IEEE should be considered the approved IEEE standard.Official statementsA statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual shall not be considered or inferred to be the official position of IEEE or any of
13、 its committees and shall not be considered to be, or be relied upon as, a formal position of IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of tha
14、t individual rather than the formal position of IEEE.Comments on standardsComments for revision of IEEE Standards documents are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. However, IEEE does not provide consulting information or advice pertain-ing to IEEE Stand
15、ards documents. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Since IEEE standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important that any responses to comments and questions also receive the con
16、cur-rence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societies and Standards Coordi-nating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to comments or questions except in those cases where the matter has previously been addressed. For the same reason, IEEE does
17、 not respond to interpretation requests. Any person who would like to participate in revisions to an IEEE standard is welcome to join the relevant IEEE working group.Comments on standards should be submitted to the following address:Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854
18、 USALaws and regulationsUsers of IEEE Standards documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of any IEEE Standards document does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory require-ments. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing
19、 or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.CopyrightsIEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE
20、under U.S. and international copyright laws. They are made available by IEEE and are adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practi
21、ces and methods. By making these documents available for use and adop-tion by public authorities and private users, IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to the documents.5Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.PhotocopiesSubject to payment of the appropriate fee, IEEE will grant users a lim
22、ited, non-exclusive license to photocopy portions of any individual standard for company or organizational internal use or individual, non-commercial use only. To arrange for payment of licensing fees, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Ser-vice, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 0192
23、3 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Updating of IEEE Standards documentsUsers of IEEE Standards documents should be aware that these documents may be superseded a
24、t any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corri-genda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect
25、Every IEEE standard is subjected to review at least every ten years. When a document is more than ten years old and has not undergone a revision process, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cauti
26、oned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE standard.In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Xplore at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/ or co
27、ntact IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE-SA or IEEEs standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org.ErrataErrata, if any, for all IEEE standards can be accessed on the IEEE-SA Website at the following URL: http:/standards.
28、ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by
29、the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/p
30、atcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling to grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrim-ination to applicants desiri
31、ng to obtain such licenses.Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not re-sponsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, o
32、r determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the valid-ity of any patent rights,
33、 and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.6Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.ParticipantsAt the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Tran
34、sformer Tank Rupture Prevention and Mitigation Working Group had the following membership:Peter Zhao, ChairRobert Thompson, Vice ChairOmar AhmedJavier ArteagaRoberto AsanoEnrique BetancourtParamjit BhatiaSamuel BrodeurJagdish BurdeArnold CarlosJohn ChrobakDonald ChuJohn CrouseWilliam DarovnyJean-Ber
35、nard DastousKeith EllisMarc FoataShawn GalbraithSaurabh GhoshJorge Gonzalez de la VegaJosh HerzJose IzquierdoWayne JohnsonKrzysztof KulasekMichael LauTerence LeeThomas LundquistRobert J. MayerPatrick McShaneHarold MooreDavid MurrayVan Nhi NguyenDan PercoGuillaume PerigaudLeslie RecksiedlerDevki Shar
36、maAndre ShorH. Jin SimCraig StiegemeierCraig SwindermanRoger VerdolinShuzhen XuJim ZhangWaldemar ZiomekThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.Omar AhmedRoberto AsanoPeter BalmaW. J. (Bill) Ber
37、gmanWallace BinderW. BoettgerPaul BomanSamuel BrodeurKent BrownWilliam ByrdThomas CallsenPaul CardinalStephen ConradJerry CorkranJohn CrouseWilliam DarovnyAlan DarwinJean-Bernard DastousGary DonnerJorge Fernandez DaherJoseph FoldiMarcel FortinShawn GalbraithEduardo GarciaFrank GerleveDavid GilmerRam
38、sis GirgisJalal GohariEdwin GoodwinRandall GrovesSaid HachichiJ. HarlowRoger HayesJeffrey HelzerWilliam HenningJosh HerzThomas Holifi eldJill HolmesPhilip HopkinsonRichard JacksonWayne JohnsonLaszlo KadarGael KennedySheldon KennedyAxel KraemerKrzysztof KulasekJim KulchiskySaumen KunduJohn LackeyChun
39、g-Yiu LamThomas La RoseMichael LauThomas LundquistJ. Dennis MarlowLee MatthewsRobert J. MayerOmar MazzoniWilliam McBrideMark McNallyCharles McShaneSujeet MishraCharles MorganDaniel MulkeyJerry MurphyDavid MurrayRyan MusgroveAli Naderian JahromiK. R. M. NairArthur NeubauerMichael NewmanJoe NimsTim Ol
40、sonLorraine PaddenMirko PalazzoLuke ParthemoreBansi PatelBrian PennyBranimir PetosicChristopher PetrolaDonald PlattsAlvaro PortilloTimothy Charles RaymondLeslie RecksiedlerJean-Christophe RiboudMichael RobertsThomas RozekDinesh SankarakurupSteven SanoDaniel Sauer7Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights rese
41、rved.Bartien SayogoDevki SharmaH. Jin SimCharles SimmonsJerry SmithJames SwankMichael SwearingenDavid TepenJames ThompsonRobert ThompsonEduardo TolcachirRoger VerdolinJohn VergisJane VernerDavid WallachDaniel WardJoe WatsonKenneth WhiteKipp YulePeter ZhaoWaldemar ZiomekWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Boa
42、rd approved this guide on 30 June 2016, it had the following membership:Jean-Philippe Faure, ChairTed Burse, Vice ChairJohn D. Kulick, Past ChairKonstantinos Karachalios, SecretaryChuck AdamsMasayuki AriyoshiStephen DukesJianbin FanJ. Travis Griffi thGary HoffmanRonald W. HotchkissMichael JanezicJos
43、eph L. Koepfi nger*Hung LingKevin LuAnnette D. ReillyGary RobinsonMehmet UlemaYingli WenHoward WolfmanDon WrightYu YuanDaidi Zhong*Member Emeritus8Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionThis introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.156-2016, IEEE Guide for Tank Rupture Mitigation of Li
44、quid-Immersed Power Transformers and Reactors.This document is intended as a guide for specifying, performing design reviews, and monitoring the manu-facturing and shipping processes for the purpose of preventing or mitigating ruptures of the tanks caused by internal electrical faults.This document
45、serves only as a guide for the end user to understand many of the considerations and actions performed during the design, manufacturing, and shipping of power transformers and reactors that relate to the mitigation of tank ruptures. The use of this guide will provide the user with a better appreciat
46、ion and under-standing of the dynamics of internal faults and technologies and design techniques appropriate to lessen their effects.Continuous attention, communication, and cooperation should be maintained between all involved parties during the design, manufacture, and installation of power transf
47、ormers and reactors in order to improve the effective mitigation of tank rupture.This guide was prepared by the Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society.AcknowledgmentsGrateful acknowledgment is made to Qualitrol, LLC, CIGRE, and Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc. for permis
48、sion to use source material for the following figures in this guide.Figure 1 reprinted with permission from Qualitrol, LLC.Figure 2 reprinted with permission from CIGRE.Figure 3 reprinted from CIGRE Publication A2_102_22010 (public domain).Figure B.1 reprinted with permission from Mitsubishi Electri
49、c Power Products, Inc.9Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Overview . 101.1 Scope 101.2 Purpose . 102. Normative references 103. Definitions . 104. Transformer tank construction. 114.1 Conventional tank. 114.2 Tank design considerations for rupture mitigation 125. Tank pressure relief devices. 135.1 General . 135.2 Rupture disks 135.3 Re-sealable pressure relief device (PRD) . 136. Specification guide for transformer rupture-resistant tanks . 156.1 Introduction 156.2 General requirements . 156.3 Performance requirements 166.4 Proposal information requireme
