1、IEEE Std C62.22-2009(Revision of IEEE Std C62.22-1997)IEEE Guide for the Application ofMetal-Oxide Surge Arresters forAlternating-Current Systems IEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA3 July 2009IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educa
2、tional classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C62.22-2009, IEEE Guide for the Application of Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating-Current Systems. Abnormally
3、 high voltages can occur on power systems from a variety of origins, including lightning and switching. These overvoltages can cause insulation breakdown, resulting in equipment failure and interrupting the continuity of electric supply to users. Proper coordination of surge-protective devices with
4、the insulation strength of the protected equipment is essential to protect the reliability of power systems and equipment. Metal-oxide surge arresters are the predominately used overvoltage protective device on ac power systems. The application of surge protection devices and their coordination with
5、 equipment insulation strengths is a broad and complex subject for which the industry has accumulated a large body of knowledge, experience, and practices. This document provides a concise guide to the application of metal-oxide surge arresters to protect power systems and equipment operating at a n
6、ominal voltage of 1000 V and greater. This application guide does not cover the application of low-voltage surge protective devices below 1000 V alternating current (ac). However, it references these devices when applied to the secondary of a transformer because they are part of the transformer prot
7、ection. Step-by-step directions toward proper solutions for various applications are provided. In many cases, the prescribed steps are adequate. More complex and special situations requiring study by experienced engineers are described, but specific solutions may not be given. These procedures are b
8、ased on theoretical studies, test results, and experience. The clauses of this guide cover the various categories of electric power systems and equipment. Clause 4 provides fundamental information on overvoltages, metal-oxide surge arrester characteristics, and equipment insulation. Clause 5 covers
9、the application of surge arresters to stations and substations. Clause 6 covers application of surge arresters for protection of overhead and underground distribution system equipment, including all distribution transformers, and other electric distribution equipment. Clause 7 covers the protection
10、of overhead transmission and distribution line insulation, which is an application unique from station equipment and underground protection because the overhead line insulation is self-restoring. Clause 8 covers the protection of large electrical machines, including generators and motors, rated 1000
11、 V and above. This guide is a revision of IEEE Std C62.22TM-1997.aSubstantial reorganization of the guide has been made to help users focus on their areas of interest. Major additions to this revision include substantially increased information on the characteristics of surge arresters and surge arr
12、ester energy discharge considerations. Extensive overhead line protection guidelines have been added. a Information on references can be found in Clause 2. v Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and
13、 regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, in
14、tend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and re
15、gulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE d
16、ocuments Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current ed
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18、http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA website at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other
19、 standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp
20、/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IE
21、EE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if
22、any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the
23、 IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Continuous Revision of C62.22 Working Group had the following membership: Reigh A. Walling, Chair Thomas J. Rozek, Vice-chair J
24、ody P. Levine, Vice-chair Dilip Biswas H. Steven Brewer Mark Carbo James Case Michael K. Champagne Michael G. Comber Dave DHooge Mark M. Drabkin John P. DuPont Clifford C. Erven Thomas Field Paul Freeman Thomas C. Hartman Steven P. Hensley A. Robert Hileman Raymond Hill Volker Hinrichsen David W. Ja
25、ckson Bengt Johnnerfelt Jeff Kester Misao Kobayashi Joseph L. Koepfinger Gerald E. Lee Dennis W. Lenk Paul Lindemulder W. Albert Maguire Subinoy Mazumdar Heather McNeely Nigel McQuin Mark McVey Richard K. Moore Iuda Morar Ken Nolan Joseph C. Osterhout Bert Parsons John B. Posey Michael Ramarge Paul
26、Schaffer John Stein Jeff Steiner Keith B. Stump Eva J. Tarasiewicz Edgar R. Taylor Jr. Rao S. Thallam Kevin Verett Arnold Vitols Larry Vogt Ronald Wellman Jeffrey S. Williams James W. Wilson, Jr. Jonathan J. Woodworth The following members of the balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters ma
27、y have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Roy Alexander Marcos Andrade H. Steven Brewer Mark Bushnell James Case Michael G. Comber Jerry Corkran Luis Coronado Stephen Dare R Daubert Guru Dutt Dhingragd Charles Drexler John P. DuPont Gary Engmann Clifford C. Erven Marcel Fortin James Fun
28、ke Ajit Gwal Ernie Gallo William Goldbach Randall Groves Ken Hanus John E. Harder Jeffrey Hartenberger Steven P. Hensley Raymond Hill Edward Horgan ,Jr. David W. Jackson Joseph Jancauskas Saumen Kundu,Pe George Karady Yuri Khersonsky Joseph Koepfinger Stephen R. Lambert Dennis W. Lenk Boyd Leuenberg
29、er Antonio Lim Jason Lin Jesus Martinez Michael Maytum John McDaniel Mark McGranaghan G. Michel Abdul Mousa Jeffrey Nelson Joe Nims Joseph C. Osterhout Thomas Pekarek Paul Pillitteri John B. Posey Johannes Rickmann Michael Roberts Thomas Rozek James Ruggieri Steven Sano Carl Schuetz Allan St.Peter B
30、rian Steinbrecher Keith Stump Rao S. Thallam Gerald Vaughn Reigh Walling Douglas Wannen Daniel Ward Steven Whisenant Jeffrey S. Williams James W. Wilson, Jr.vii Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 19 March 2009, it had the following me
31、mbership: Robert M. Grow, Chair Thomas Prevost, Vice Chair Steve M. Mills, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary John Barr Karen Bartleson Victor Berman Ted Burse Richard DeBlasio Andy Drozd Mark Epstein Alexander Gelman Jim Hughes Richard H. Hulett Young Kyun Kim Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick Dav
32、id J. Law Ted Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Narayanan Ramachandran Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Howard L. Wolfman, TAB Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Satish Aggarwal, NRC Repr
33、esentative Lorraine Patsco IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development viii Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Scope 1 2. Normative references 1 3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations 3 3
34、.1 Definitions . 3 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations . 7 4. General considerations . 7 4.1 Overvoltages 7 4.2 Metal-oxide arresters . 9 4.3 Protective levels. 15 4.4 Insulation withstand. 16 4.5 Separation effects 16 4.6 Insulation coordination 16 5. Protection of transmission equipment and substations
35、 . 17 5.1 Introduction . 17 5.2 Transformer protection, step-by-step procedures 18 5.3 Special considerations for protection of transformers .40 5.4 Protection of dry-type insulation . 41 5.5 Special considerations for shunt capacitor bank applications 41 5.6 Protection of underground transmission c
36、ables . 43 5.7 Protection of gas-insulated substations (GIS) 44 5.8 Protection of high-power static devices and systems.45 5.9 Protection of series capacitor banks. 45 5.10 Protection of circuit breakers. 47 6. Protection of distribution systems 50 6.1 Introduction . 50 6.2 General procedure 53 6.3
37、Selection of arrester ratings . 54 6.4 Distribution system overvoltages. 58 6.5 Insulation coordination 63 6.6 Arrester connections 64 6.7 Special applications . 67 6.8 Isolation . 74 7. Protection of overhead lines . 74 7.1 General considerations. 74 7.2 Transmission-line protection . 79 7.3 Distri
38、bution line protection 81 8. Protection of electrical machines, 1000 V and greater . 83 8.1 Insulation withstand tests. 84 8.2 Methods of surge protection for motors started across the line (full voltage start) 85 ix Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex A (informative) Lightning flashes,
39、lightning stroke currents, traveling waves, and station shielding87 Annex B (informative) COG for various conditions 91 Annex C (informative) Calculations of surge arrester separation distances. 95 Annex D (informative) Distribution system overvoltage line diagrams. 109 Annex E (informative) Dual tr
40、ansformer station 111 Annex F (informative) Modeling of gapless metal-oxide surge arresters. 112 Annex G (informative) “Rules of thumb“ for some common arrester energy discharge cases 115 Annex H (informative) Bibliography . 119 1 Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for the Applicat
41、ion of Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating-Current Systems IMPORTANT NOTICE: This guide is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection in all circumstances. Implementers of the guide are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental,
42、 and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Not
43、ices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Scope This guide covers the application of metal-oxide surge arresters (see IEEE Std C62.11TM-2005) to safeguard electric power equipment aga
44、inst the hazards of abnormally high voltage surges of various origins. This application guide does not cover the application of low-voltage surge protective devices below 1000 V alternating current (ac), except when applied to the secondary of a transformer. 2. Normative references The following ref
45、erenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ANSI/IEEE Std C37.06TM-2000 American National Standa
46、rd AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current BasisPreferred Ratings and Related Required Capabilities.1ANSI C84.1-2006, Electric Power Systems and Equipment Voltage Ratings (60 Hz). IEC 60034-15:1995, Rotating Electrical Machines, Part 15: Impulse Voltage Withstand Levels of Ro
47、tating A.C. Machines with Form-Wound Stator Coils.2IEC 60071-2-1997, Insulation CoordinationPart 2: Application Guide. 1ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 2I
48、EC publications are available from the sales department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3, rue Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch). IEC publications are also available in the USA from Sales Department, American National Standards Insti
49、tute, 11 West 42ndStreet, 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036, USA. IEEE Std C62.22-2009 IEEE Guide for the Application of Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating-Current Systems 2 Copyright 2009 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std 522TM-2004, IEEE Guide for Testing Turn Insulation of Form-Wound Stator Coils for Alternating-Current Electric Machines.3,4IEEE Std 824TM-2004,IEEE Standard for Series Capacitor Banks in Power Systems. IEEE Std 998TM-1996, IEEE Guide for Direct Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations. IEEE Std 1299/C62.22.1TM-1996 (Reaff 2003
