1、 IEEE-SA Conformity Assessment Program Assessment of DER Interconnection Installation for Conformance with IEEE Std 1547 IEEE | 3 Park Avenue | New York, NY 10016-5997 | USA AUTHORS: James M. Daley, PE DGCP IEEE Life Senior Member Keith Houser, PE IEEE Member Page 1 of 15 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All ri
2、ghts reserved. Assessment of DER Interconnection Installation for Conformance with IEEE Std 1547 Authors: James M. Daley, PE DGCP IEEE Life Senior Member Keith Houser, PE IEEE Member Page 2 of 15 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. Trademarks and Disclaimers IEEE believes the information in th
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4、n. Acknowledgements Special thanks is given to the following reviewers of this paper: Jason Allnutt Bill Ash Tom Basso Jens Boemer Kevin Chen Ken Dulaney Kim Jones Howard Liu Mark Siira Jim Sprecher Wayne Stec Ravi Subramaniam Charlie Vartanian The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
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14、eering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. IEEE is not responsible for the statements and opinions advanced in this Work. Page 4 of 16 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. Table of Contents Abstract . 5 1
15、. Introduction . 5 2. Background . 5 Interconnection Standards . 6 Codes . 6 Regulations 7 Evaluation Criteria . 7 3. Conformity Assessment 8 4. Interconnection Agreement . 9 5. Interconnection Conformity Assessment Program . 12 Commissioning Process . 12 Education Process 12 Demonstration Platforms
16、 . 13 Certified Agents . 13 Interconnection Certification . 13 Summary 13 6. Citations 14 Appendix A: Commissioning Checklist 15 Figures Figure 1: Conformity assessment 8 Figure 2: Simple interconnection rated less than a defined threshold rating . 10 Figure 3: DER interconnection in excess of 10 kW
17、. 11 Figure 4: DER interconnection to the Bulk Power System . 11 Page 5 of 16 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. Assessment of DER Interconnection Installation for Conformance with IEEE Std 1547 Abstract Standards and codes establish the functional performance requirements of equipment interc
18、onnecting Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) with an Electric Power System (EPS). Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories (NRTLs) evaluate equipment for safety and compliance with applicable standards and codes. Equipment meeting these requirements are then listed as suitable for their intended
19、use in compliance with the applicable requirements. The EPS operator enters into a binding agreement with the DER operator for interconnection with the EPS at a specific site to meet the requirements of the EPS infrastructure at that location. IEEE Conformity Assessment Program proposes a process an
20、d procedure to ensure compliance with the applicable standards and the interconnection agreement. 1. Introduction The IEEE DER interconnection standards (IEEE Std 1547 4 and IEEE Std 1547.1 6) sufficiently define the functional requirements for the proper interconnection of DER with an Area EPS. IEE
21、E Std 1547 specifies the functional requirements for interconnection including design, production, and installation commissioning evaluation. IEEE Std 1547.1 specifies the equipment conformance test and evaluation procedures. Compliance with the National Electric Code (NEC, NFPA 70 7) requires that
22、components, subsystems, and systems installed in on-premises wiring systems are evaluated for safety and their intended use by a NRTL. Evidence of successful evaluation is confirmed by a NRTL marking label on these items. The presence of this marking label only confirms that the items have met the r
23、equirements of the design and production tests. The interconnection of a DER with an EPS can have a detrimental effect on the reliability of that power source. To ensure the safe and proper operation of the interconnected sources at their location in the EPS infrastructure, the EPS and DER operators
24、 enter into a binding interconnection agreement. In addition to the required equipment listings, this agreement will list any additional requirements to ensure safe and reliable interconnection performance. The process begins with a thorough examination of the interconnection system for completeness
25、 and compliance with the interconnection agreement and all Authorities Having Jurisdictions (AHJs) regulatory requirements. Next, verification needs to be made that the components of the interconnection system are compliant with the functional requirements of IEEE Std 1547 4. Confirmation of conform
26、ity is established by compliance with IEEE Std 1547.1 6. For inverters and converters, proof of confirmation and safety evaluation are evidenced by listing for their intended use to UL 1741 8. Other components of the system are evaluated to their relevant standards and listed for the intended use. N
27、ext, the installation is evaluated for compliance with applicable codes such as the NEC 7 or other applicable codes and standards.1IEEE is establishing a program that will ultimately lead to the issuance of an Assurance Certificate confirming interconnection conformance. 2. Background To bring focus
28、 to the remainder of this paper, it will serve well to put forth the context of some terms that will be used. AHJAn agency such as a Municipality, State Regulatory body, or others having jurisdiction over various aspects of a DER interconnection installation. 1In the European Union, the applicable s
29、tandard is IEC 60364 3, Electrical Installations for Buildings as supplemented by each member country to account for differences in electric systems. Page 6 of 16 Copyright 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. StandardA formal technical document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria,
30、 methods, processes, and practices. CodeA set of rules about how something must be done. RegulationA rule or directive made and maintained by an authority. TestThe means by which genuineness is verified. CommissioningThe act of placing into service.2Interconnection Standards Encouraged by U.S. Gover
31、nment agencies, the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) undertook the task of defining the functional requirements for the orderly and appropriate interconnection of DER with the EPS. The IEEE issued an invitation to anyone who had an interest in this issue to join a working group. A working group
32、of more than 300 people assembled to define and address the issues. This group included engineers from the electric utility industry, NRTLs, equipment manufacturers, state utility regulators, consulting engineers, and other interested parties. In the ensuing three years and through eleven compilatio
33、ns, a draft standard was successfully balloted leading to its issue as an IEEE standard in 2003. Near the end of that effort, another working group was formed to draft a standard to define the conformance test regimens to confirm that components, subsystems, and/or systems intended for application t
34、o the interconnection of DER with the EPS were in compliance with IEEE Std 1547-2003. This working group of 115 interested parties, similar in cross-section to the initial standard working group, gathered on a number of occasions and ultimately produced a successfully balloted draft that was issued
35、as a standard, IEEE Std 1547.1-2005. Working groups were once again created to address issues that arose from experience gained from ever-increasing penetration of DER. These groups produced appropriate amendments to the original standards. IEEE Std 1547a-2014 and IEEE Std 1547.1a-2015 were successf
36、ully balloted, approved, and published. In March 2014, a new working group was approved to develop a full revision of the IEEE 1547 standard that addresses significant DER penetration, takes advantage of technological advancements, and to addresses interoperability as deemed necessary to enable the
37、development of the Smart Grid. At the time of this writing, IEEE-SA has approved this revision standard and it should be published soon. Another new working group is currently developing a revised version of IEEE Std 1547.1, in response to the revised requirements of IEEE Std 1547. Once standards we
38、re established, regulators and system operators began including the requirements of these standards in their respective regulations and guidelines. The Energy Policy Act of 20053cited the IEEE standard as the requirement for DER interconnection access with the EPS. 2 Codes Codes and standards have n
39、o jurisdiction until an authority establishes a regulation requiring its use. The applicable codes for DER interconnection are as follows: National Electric Safety Code (NESC)pertains to the electric power system from the generator to the customer meter. Applicable to the North American electric gri
40、d. 1 National Electric Code (NEC)addresses the on-premises wiring and electric systems on the users side of the electric meter. The NEC is adopted by most jurisdictions in North America. Some jurisdictions impose their own codes, which in most cases are similar to the NEC but address unique issues i
41、n their respective jurisdictions. 2Authors comment: Commissioning is not a test. It is an evaluation leading to confirmation that the interconnection is compliant with the applicable standards, codes, regulations and EPS operators interconnection agreement. 3Sec. 1254. Interconnection. (a) Adoption
42、of Standards. “ Interconnection services shall be offered based upon the standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers: IEEE Standard 1547 for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, as they may be amended from time to time.” Page 7 of 16 Copy
43、right 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved. Electrical Construction of Buildings (IEC 60364)an approximate equivalent of the NEC in force in the European Union (EU). This is a generalized standard that allows the various member states of the EU to accommodate the uniqueness of their respective electric sy
44、stem practices. The NEC concerns itself with the safety aspects of the installation and use of electric power systems on the users side of the service meter. The principal concern is for protection from the fire and personnel hazards commensurate with electric power system use. This code imposes req
45、uirements of applicable standards. For the NEC, these requirements apply to components of an on-premises electric system. The majority of the working group, having a background in the electric utility industry, had just a passing understanding of the NEC. As such there was significant concern that t
46、he interconnection components, subsystems, and systems would be appropriately evaluated for their intended use. Time was taken to allay these concerns. The NEC requires that products used in the on-premises power system be evaluated for their intended use by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laborator
47、y (NRTL). Underwriters Laboratory (UL) is one such NRTL. UL 1741 was an existing standard that was revised to include evaluation of utility interactive inverter and system equipment for use in interconnection service. Section 46 of UL 1741 imposes testing to the functional requirements of IEEE Std 1
48、547 using the test regiments of IEEE Std 1547.1 to confirm Utility Compatibility. UL 1741 Section 63 directs the labeling of UL-confirmed equipment. In addition to this evaluation, this standard evaluates the equipment for compliance with fire and personnel safety requirements. It is pointed out tha
49、t UL standards have generally been used for product safety. The NEC requires labeling of evaluated equipment for its intended service. This carries with it a listing of the equipment. Simply, this means that having been successfully evaluated, UL can visit the production facility to ensure that the product shipped matches the product that was evaluated. The presence of the appropriate UL label is the assurance that the component, subsystem, or system is compliant with the IEEE interconnection standards. Regulations In t
