1、ANSI N42.32-2006(Revision ofANSI N42.32-2003)American National StandardPerformance Criteria for AlarmingPersonal Radiation Detectors for Homeland SecurityI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA22 January 2007Accredited by the American National Standards InstituteSponsored by theNational Co
2、mmittee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42ANSI N42.32-2006 (Revision of ANSI N42.32-2003) American National Standard Performance Criteria for Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for Homeland Security Sponsor National Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42 Accredited by the American National St
3、andards Institute Secretariat Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Approved 28 August 2006 American National Standards Institute Abstract: Performance specifications, design criteria, and testing methods are provided for the evaluation of radiation detection instruments that are p
4、ocket-sized and carried on the body. Keywords: alarming, design criteria, performance specifications, personal radiation detectors, pocket-sized, radiation, radiation detection, radiation instrumentation _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-
5、5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 22 January 2007. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1-978-750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual stand
6、ard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This standard is the responsibility of the Accredited American Standards Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42. The standard was approved by t
7、he N42 letter ballot of JulyAugust 2006. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Cur
8、rent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no pos
9、ition is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validit
10、y or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. This introduction is not part of ANSI N42.32-2006, American National Standard Performance Criteria for Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for Homeland Security. Participants At the time it approved this standard, the Accredited Standa
11、rds Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42, had the following membership: Michael P. Unterweger, Chair Louis Costrell, Deputy Chair William Ash, Administrative Secretary Organization Represented.Name of Representative Bartlett Services .Morgan Cox Canberra Markku Koskelo Chew, M.H .Jack M. Selb
12、y Commerce Dept, U.S. NIST .Michael Unterweger Louis Costrell (Alt.) Consultant Frank X. Masse Department of Homeland Security .Peter Shebell Entergy-ANO .Ron Schwartz Health Physics Society .Sandy Perle IEEE Louis Costrell .Julian Forster (Alt.) .Anthony Spurgin (Alt.) .Michael P. Unterweger (Alt.)
13、 International Medcom Don Sythe Lawrence Berkeley National Lab .Edward J. Lampo Lawrence Livermore National Lab .Gary Johnson NASA, GSFC .Sachidananda R. Babu Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cynthia Jones Nuclear Stds Unlimited Al N. Tschaeche ORNL Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. .Charles Britton (Alt.) ORTEC Ro
14、nald M. Keyser Pacific NW Labs .Richard Kouzes Swinth Associates .Kenneth L. Swinth U.S. Army Edward Groeber Members-At-Large .Ernesto Corte .Joseph C. McDonald .Paul L. Phelps .Joseph Stencel .Lee J. Wagner vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. At the time this standard was approved, Subcomm
15、ittee N42.RPI had the following membership: Morgan Cox, Co-Chair Jack M. Selby, Co-Chair Dru Carson Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. Jack Cooley Leo Faust Edward Groeber Jerry Hiatt Mark M. Hoover Ron Keyser Joseph C. McDonald Robert Murphy Cheryl Olson Scott Rogers Michael P. Unterweger Ed Walker Chuan-Fu Wu A
16、t the time this standard was approved, the ANSI 42.32 Working Group had the following members: Joseph C. McDonald, Chair and Project Leader Paul Bailey Peter Beck Brooke Buddemeier Bill Casson Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. Steve Donahoo John Gutman Guy Harkins Robert J. Ingram Siraj Khan Sergio Lopez Craig M
17、arianno Chris Passmore Leticia Pibida Bill Quam Joseph Rotunda Jack M. Selby Chris Soares Claire J. Sullivan vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 2 4. General considerations . 6 4.1 Standard test con
18、ditions. 6 4.2 Units and uncertainties 6 4.3 Special word usage 7 5. General requirements 8 5.1 Controls . 8 5.2 Documentation check 8 5.3 Manufacturer, model, and serial number . 8 5.4 Type of radiation device 8 5.5 Displays . 9 5.6 Effective range of measurement or indication . 9 5.7 Functionality
19、 test . 9 5.8 Audible alarms. 10 5.9 Vibration alarms 11 5.10 Size 11 5.11 Mass. 11 5.12 Reference point marking 12 5.13 Clips and lanyards . 12 5.14 Explosive atmospheres 12 5.15 Batteries and battery lifetime. 13 5.16 Data format 13 6. Radiological tests 14 6.1 General test information 14 6.2 Rate
20、 of false alarms . 14 6.3 Time-to-alarm; photons . 14 6.4 Time-to-alarm; neutrons (if provided). 15 6.5 Detection of gradually increasing radiation levels. 15 6.6 Accuracy 16 6.7 Accuracy test for neutrons (if provided) 16 6.8 Over-range response 17 6.9 Interfering ionizing radiation. 17 viii Copyri
21、ght 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 7. Environmental performance requirements . 17 7.1 Temperature. 17 7.2 Temperature shock 18 7.3 Humidity 19 7.4 Moisture and dust protection . 20 7.5 Cold temperature start up. 21 8. Electromagnetic performance requirements . 22 8.1 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 2
22、2 8.2 Radio frequency. 23 8.3 Magnetic fields 23 8.4 Radiated emissions 24 9. Mechanical performance requirements. 25 9.1 Vibration 25 9.2 Drop test 25 9.3 Impact (microphonics). 26 10. Documentation . 27 10.1 Type test report 27 10.2 Certificate 27 10.3 Operation and maintenance manuals . 27 Annex
23、A (informative) Bibliography . 28 A.1 General 28 A.2 Detectors. 28 A.3 Detection and identification instruments 29 A.4 Radiological protection instruments . 29 A.5 Electromagnetic capabilities . 29 A.6 Units, quantities, calibrations 30 Annex B (informative) Detector tests. 31 Annex C (informative)
24、Sample user interface evaluation technique 32 ix Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. American National Standard Performance Criteria for Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for Homeland Security 1. 1.11.2Overview Scope This standard describes design and performance criteria along with testin
25、g methods for evaluating the performance of instruments for homeland security that are pocket-sized and worn on the body for the purpose of rapid detection of radioactive materials. These instruments are used for detection of photon-emitting, and optionally neutron-emitting, radioactive substances f
26、or the purposes of detection, interdiction, and prevention. The performance criteria contained in this standard are meant to provide a means for verifying the capability of these instruments to reliably detect significant changes above background levels of radiation and alert the user to these chang
27、es. This standard does not apply to instruments that are primarily intended to provide a measurement of dose equivalent, or dose equivalent rate. However, devices that comply with this standard can provide an approximate value of exposure rate. Purpose The purpose of this standard is to specify perf
28、ormance criteria and test methods used to evaluate self-reading, alarming, radiation detection instruments that are pocket-sized, worn on the body, and used to detect the presence of ionizing radiation. 1 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. ANSI N42.32-2006 American National Standard Performan
29、ce Criteria for Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for Homeland Security 2 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. Normative references This standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, th
30、e latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ANSI N42.22, American National StandardTraceability of Radioactive Sources to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Associated Instrument Quality Control.1ANSI N42.23, American Natio
31、nal Standard Measurement and Associated Instrumentation Quality Assurance for Radioassay Laboratories. ANSI N42.42, American National Standard Data Format Standard for Radiation Detectors Used for Homeland Security.2IEC 60068-1, Environmental TestingPart 1: General and Guidance.3IEC 60068-2-18, Envi
32、ronmental TestingPart 2-18: TestsTest R and Guidance: Water. IEC 60068-2-75, Environmental TestingPart 2-75: TestsTest Eh: Hammer Tests. IEC 60529, Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code), IP53. IEC 61000-4-1, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4-1: Testing and Measurement Techni
33、quesOverview of IEC 61000-4 Series. IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4-2: Testing and Measurement TechniquesElectrostatic Discharge Immunity Test. IEC 61000-4-3, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4-3: Testing and Measurement TechniquesRadiated, Radio-Frequency, Electromag
34、netic Field Immunity Test. ISO/IEC 4037-3, X and Gamma Reference Radiation for Calibrating Dosemeters and Doserate Meters and for Determining the Response as a Function of Photon EnergyPart 3: Calibration of Area and Personal Dosemeters and Measurement of Their Response as a Function of Energy and A
35、ngle of Incidence.43. Definitions The following definitions apply to this standard, as well as to ANSI N42.33 B115, ANSI N42.34 B12, and ANSI N42.35 B13, all of which have been developed at the request of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for instruments to be used by DHS and emergency
36、responders. 3.1 A-weighted sound level: The frequency weighting of an acoustic spectrum according to a standardized frequency response curve based on the frequency response of the human ear. 1The ANSI N42 publications included in this clause are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electro
37、nics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 2The ANSI N42.42 schema can be obtained from http:/physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div846/Gp4/ANSIN4242/xml.html. 3IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Comm
38、ission, Case Postale 131, 3, rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.o
39、rg/). 4ISO publications are available from the ISO Central Secretariat, Case Postale 56, 1 rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/ Suisse (http:/www.iso.ch/). ISO publications are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42n
40、d Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 5The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. ANSI N42.32-2006 American National Standard Performance Criteria for Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for Homeland Security 3 Copyright 2007 IEEE. Al
41、l rights reserved. 3.2 acceptance test: Evaluation or measurement of performance characteristics to verify that certain stated specifications and contractual requirements are met. 3.3 accepted ambient photon background: The background radiation as measured using a high pressure ionization chamber, a
42、n energy compensated Geiger-Mueller (GM) tube, an energy compensated proportional counter, a tissue equivalent plastic scintillator, a scintillator with spectral compensation, or any other exposure rate instrument having a nearly constant energy response (30% in the energy range from 60 keV to 1.5 M
43、eV). 3.4 accredited testing laboratory: Testing laboratory that has been accredited by an authoritative body with respect to its qualification to perform verification tests on the type of instruments covered by this standard. 3.5 accuracy: The degree of agreement between the observed value and the c
44、onventionally true value of the quantity being measured. 3.6 adjust: To alter the reading of an instrument by means of a built-in variable (hardware or software) control. 3.7 alarm: An audible, visual, or other signal activated when the instrument reading or response exceeds a preset value or falls
45、outside of a preset range. 3.8 calibrate: To adjust and/or determine the response or reading of a device relative to a series of conventionally true values. 3.9 calibration: A set of operations under specified conditions that establishes the relationship between values indicated by a measuring instr
46、ument or measuring system, and the conventionally true values of the quantity or variable being measured. 3.10 check source: A not-necessarily calibrated source that is used to confirm the continuing functionality of an instrument. 3.11 coefficient of variation (COV) (%): The square root of the vari
47、ance, 2, divided by the mean value of “n” number of readings times 100. 3.12 conventionally true value (CTV): The commonly accepted best estimate of the value of that quantity. NOTEThis and the associated uncertainty will preferably be determined by a national or transfer standard, or by a reference instrument that h
