1、ANSI N42.37-2006American National Standard for Training Requirements for Homeland Security Purposes Using Radiation Detection Instrumentationfor Interdiction and PreventionI E E E3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA12 April 2007Accredited by the American National Standards InstituteSponsored b
2、y theNational Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42ANSI N42.37-2006 American National Standard for Training Requirements for Homeland Security Purposes Using Radiation Detection Instrumentation for Interdiction and Prevention Sponsor National Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42 Accredi
3、ted by the American National Standards Institute Secretariat Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Approved 12 December 2006 American National Standards Institute Abstract: Training requirements for homeland security purposes using radiation detection instrumentation for interdicti
4、on and prevention are described. Keywords: homeland security, interdiction and prevention, radiation detection instruments, training _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
5、 Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 12 April 2007. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1-978-750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyri
6、ght Clearance Center. Introduction This introduction is not part of ANSI N42.37-2006, American National Standard for Training Requirements for Homeland Security Purposes Using Radiation Detection Instrumentation for Interdiction and Prevention. This standard is the responsibility of the Accredited A
7、merican Standards Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42. The standard was approved by the N42 letter ballot of SeptemberOctober 2006. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/err
8、ata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard
9、may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a licen
10、se may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. v Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time it approved this standard, the Accredited Standards Committee on Radi
11、ation Instrumentation, N42, had the following membership: Michael P. Unterweger, Chair Louis Costrell, Deputy Chair William Ash, Administrative Secretary Organization RepresentedName of Representative Bartlett Services .Morgan Cox Canberra Markku Koskelo Chew, M.H .Jack M. Selby Commerce Dept, U.S.
12、NIST .Michael P. Unterweger .Louis Costrell (Alt.) Consultant Frank X. Masse Department of Homeland Security .Peter Shebell Entergy-ANO .Ron Schwartz Health Physics Society .Sandy Perle IEEE Louis Costrell .Julian Forster (Alt.) .Anthony Spurgin (Alt.) Michael P. Unterweger (Alt.) International Medc
13、om Don Sythe Lawrence Berkeley National Lab .Edward J. Lampo Lawrence Livermore National Lab .Gary Johnson NASA, GSFC .Sachidananda R. Babu Nuclear Regulatory Commission Cynthia Jones Nuclear Stds Unlimited Al N. Tschaeche ORNL Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. .Charles Britton (Alt.) ORTEC Ronald M. Keyser Paci
14、fic NW Labs .Richard Kouzes Swinth Associates .Kenneth L. Swinth U.S. Army Edward Groeber Members-At-Large .Ernesto Corte .Joseph C. McDonald .Paul L. Phelps .Joseph Stencel Lee J. Wagner vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. At the time this standard was approved, Subcommittee N42.HSI had th
15、e following membership: Morgan Cox, Co-Chair Michael P. Unterweger, Co-Chair Paul Bailey Peter J. Chiaro, Jr. David Gilliam Mark Hoover Cynthia Jones Ronald Keyser Richard Kouzes Joseph McDonald Leticia Pibida Brain Rees Peter Shebell David Trombino At the time this standard was approved, the ANSI 4
16、2.37 Working Group had the following members: Alex Boerner, Co-Chair Morgan Cox, Co-Chair and project leader Mark D. Hoover, Co-Secretary Joseph Ring, Co-Secretary Paul Bailey Warren Bowen Brooke Buddmeier John Donnachie Edward Groeber Richard Hansen Jerry Hiatt Robert Ingram Cynthia Jones Richard K
17、ouzes Joseph McDonald Thomas OConnell Michael P. Unterweger Chuan-Fu Wu James Yusko Robert L. Zimmerman vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Background 2 1.4 Special word usage 2 2. Normative references 3 3. Definitions and acronyms. 4
18、3.1 Definitions . 4 3.2 Acronyms 8 4. General requirements 9 4.1 Hierarchy of training . 9 4.2 Development of curricular materials . 9 4.3 Training provider requirements . 10 4.4 Qualifications of the instructor 11 4.5 Exceptions and waivers . 11 5. Training requirements 11 5.1 First level training
19、11 5.2 Second level training . 12 5.3 Third level of training 14 6. Documentation . 17 Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 18 Annex B (informative) Illustrations of potential training level and job category relationships for cognizant organizations 19 Annex C (informative) Information related to th
20、e general types of instruments covered by ANSI standards for U.S Homeland Security applications 20 C.1 Introduction. 20 C.2 Information related to instruments covered in ANSI N42.32 (personnel detectors). 20 C.3 Information related to instruments covered in ANSI N42.33 (portable radiation detectors)
21、 21 C.4 Information related to instruments covered in ANSI N42.34 (portable radionuclide identifiers with neutron detection capability) . 22 C.5 Information related to instruments covered in ANSI N42.35 (portal radiation monitors) 23 Annex D (informative) Examples of common problems and errors assoc
22、iated with the use of radiation detection instrumentation that can be avoided by adequate training 25 Annex E (informative) Trainer qualification examples 26 viii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. American National Standard for Training Requirement
23、s for Homeland Security Purposes Using Radiation Detection Instrumentation for Interdiction and Prevention 1. Overview 1.1 Scope The scope of this standard describes requirements for training in the use of personal radiation detectors (see ANSI N42.321), portable radiation detection instruments (see
24、 ANSI N42.33), portable radionuclide identifiers (see ANSI N42.34), and portal radiation monitors (see ANSI N42.35). Other types of radiation detectors may be included in revisions of this standard as new equipment is developed. This standard provides training requirements for three identified and d
25、efined levels of training. Students who successfully complete training at the minimum requirements of this standard shall have a demonstrated competency appropriate for that training level. This includes a general understanding and background of the principles of ionizing radiation, radiation effect
26、s, and radiation detection. The individual user organizations should develop training programs with content specific to their organizations and requirements. Training for incident manager or incident commander and response post-identification of a radiation source are beyond the scope of this standa
27、rd. 1.2 Purpose This standard establishes minimum requirements and provides recommendations and guidelines for training users in basic radiation detection and the proper use of radiation detection instrumentation for homeland security interdiction and prevention applications. Reference to response i
28、n this document is only for pre-event preparations. This standard does not cover mission-specific procedures and protocols. This training is intended primarily for organizations involved in detection and interdiction efforts, including law enforcement, transit police, private sector security personn
29、el, the U.S. Postal Service, and private shippers. 1For information on references, see Clause 2. ANSI N42.37-2006 American National Standard for Training Requirements for Homeland Security Purposes Using Radiation Detection Instrumentation for Interdiction and Prevention 1.31.4Background This standa
30、rd is a strategic document outlining requirements for pre-event training. The details of post-event training of specific individuals for specific purposes are located in related documents developed and being developed by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and the NFPA (National Fire P
31、rotection Association), as referenced by ANSI N13. The intention of the first level of training is to provide a limited understanding of radiation without creating a sense of fear or overloading the student with extensive details traditionally presented with radiation training sessions. The overview
32、 should describe radioactivity in the context of detecting the presence of illicit radioactive material and nuclear/radiological weapons of mass destruction. The natural radioactivity discussion should help the student understand that radiation is omnipresent and encountered in daily life. The discu
33、ssion of radiation protection principles shall focus on the basic operation of radiation detectors and how radiation exposures can be minimized. The objectives of the second and third levels of training are to present additional tasks in radiation detection, assessment, and identification and to pre
34、sent instrument training for usage in interdiction and prevention. Those objectives are outlined in Clause 5. Note that the NFPA 472 training levels of operational, operational with mission-specific competencies, and hazardous materials technician for response are equivalent to levels 1, 2, and 3, r
35、espectively, described in this standard. Note also that NFPA 472 describes an awareness level of training. Awareness level training is the responsibility of individual organizations and is outside of the scope of this standard. The instruments addressed in this standard are intended for use in radia
36、tion detection and not as traditional health physics instrumentation for radiation protection or radiation dosimetry. However, these instruments may also be used to evaluate radiation hazards. Many of the core training competencies may be currently included in existing training programs. This standa
37、rd emphasizes the additional specialized knowledge and training needed for use of these instruments for Homeland Security applications. The precise definition of “appropriate actions” to be taken in a given situation is the responsibility of the user organization and is outside the scope of this sta
38、ndard. The Annexes to this standard include illustrations of potential training level and job category relationships for responder organizations; information related to the general types of instruments covered by Department of Homeland Security standards; examples of common problems and errors assoc
39、iated with the use of radiation detection instrumentation that can be avoided by adequate training; and trainer qualification examples. Special word usage The following word usage applies throughout this standard: “Shall” signifies a mandatory requirement. Where appropriate a qualifying statement is
40、 included to indicate that there may be an allowable exception. “Should” signifies a recommended specification or method. “May” signifies an acceptable method or an example of good practice. 2 Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. ANSI N42.37-2006 American National Standard for Training Requirem
41、ents for Homeland Security Purposes Using Radiation Detection Instrumentation for Interdiction and Prevention 2. Normative references This standard shall be used in conjunction with the following publications. When the following standards are superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall ap
42、ply. ANSI N42.32, American National Standard Performance Criteria for Alarming Personal Radiation Detectors for Homeland Security.2ANSI N42.33, American National Standard for Portable Radiation Detection Instrumentation for Homeland Security. ANSI N42.34, American National Standard Performance Crite
43、ria for Hand-Held Instruments for the Detection and Identification of Radionuclides. ANSI N42.35, American National Standard for Evaluation and Performance of Radiation Detection Portal Monitors for Use in Homeland Security. Evans, R.D., The Atomic Nucleus, 14thReprint Edition, 1985. IAEA Code of Co
44、nduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources, Table 1, 2004.3IAEA Safety Guide No. RS-G-1.9, Categorization of Radioactive Sources, 2005. IEC 60050-393: 2003, International Electrotechnical VocabularyChapter 393: Nuclear Instrumentation: Physical Phenomena and Basic Concepts.4IEC 60050-39
45、4: 2007, International Electrotechnical VocabularyChapter 394: Nuclear Instrumentation: Instruments. NFPA 472-2002, Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents.5Radiological Health Handbook, US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1970. U.S. Department
46、 of Homeland Security, National Incident Management System, Universal Task List: Version 2.1, May 2005.62The ANSI N42 publications included in this clause are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org
47、/). 3IAEA publications are available from the International Atomic Energy Agency, P.O. Box 100, Wagner Strasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria (http:/www.iaea.org). 4IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Case Postale 131, 3 rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Swit
