1、 ISO 2014 Calculation of the impact of daylight utilization on the net and final energy demand for lighting Calcul de leffet dutiliser la lumire du jour la demande nergtique net et finale pour lclairage INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10916 First edition 2014-06-15 Reference number ISO 10916:2014(E) ISO
2、10916:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the int
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4、b www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 10916:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Symbols, indices, and abbreviated terms . 3 4.1 Symbols . 4 4.2 Indices 5 5 Proof calculation method 5
5、 5.1 Energy demand for lighting as function of daylight 5 5.2 Subdivision of a building into zones . 7 5.3 Operating time. 8 5.4 Artificial lighting 8 5.5 Constant illuminance control . 8 5.6 Daylight 8 5.7 Occupancy dependency factor F O,n. 9 6 Daylight Performance Indicator . 9 Annex A (informativ
6、e) Simple calculation method.10 Annex B (normative) Comprehensive calculation .53 Annex C (informative) Daylight performance indicator 54 Annex D (informative) Examples .55 Bibliography .63 ISO 10916:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
7、of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. I
8、nternational organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those
9、 intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (se
10、e www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the docu
11、ment will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms an
12、d expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and en
13、ergy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods.iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 10916:2014(E) Introduction This International Standard is part of a set of standards allowing to rate the overall energetic performance of buildings. Facades and rooflights have a key impact
14、 on the buildings energy balance. This International Standard supports the daylighting and lighting-energy-related analysis and optimization of facade and rooflight systems. It was therefore specifically devised to establish conventions and procedures for the estimation of daylight penetrating build
15、ings through vertical facades and rooflights, as well as on the energy consumption for electric lighting as a function of daylight provided in indoor spaces. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v Calculation of the impact of daylight utilization on the net and final energy demand for lighting 1 Scope This
16、International Standard defines the calculation methodology for determining the monthly and annual amount of usable daylight penetrating non-residential buildings through vertical facades and rooflights and the impact thereof on the energy demand for electric lighting. This International Standard can
17、 be used for existing buildings and the design of new and renovated buildings. This International Standard provides the overall lighting energy balance equation relating the installed power density of the electric lighting system with daylight supply and lighting controls (proof calculation method).
18、 The determination of the installed power density is not in the scope of this method, neither are controls relating, for instance, to occupancy detection. Provided the determination of the installed power density and control parameters using external sources, the internal loads by lighting and the l
19、ighting energy demand itself can be calculated. The energy demand for lighting and internal loads by lighting can then be taken into account in the overall building energy balance calculations: heating; ventilation; climate regulation and control (including cooling and humidification); heating the d
20、omestic hot-water supply of buildings. For estimating the daylight supply and rating daylight-dependent artificial lighting control systems, a simple table-based calculation approach is provided. The simple method describes the division of a building into zones as required for daylight illumination-
21、engineering purposes, as well as considerations on the way in which daylight supplied by vertical facade systems and rooflights is utilized and how daylight-dependent lighting control systems effect energy demand. Dynamic vertical facades with optional shading and light redirection properties are co
22、nsidered, i.e. allowing a separate optimization of facade solutions under direct insolation and under diffuse skies. For rooflighting systems standard, static solutions like shed rooflights and continuous rooflights are considered. The method is applicable for different latitudes and climates. For s
23、tandard building zones (utilizations), operation times are provided. For detailed computer-based analysis (comprehensive calculation), minimum requirements are specified. To support overall building performance assessment, additional daylight performance indicators on the overall building level are
24、provided. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
25、 any amendments) applies. CIE S 017 /E:2011, ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 10916:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 ISO 10916:2014(E) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CIE S 017 /E:2011 ILV apply. 3.
26、1 ballast unit inserted between the supply and one or more discharge lamps, which by means of inductance, capacitance, or a combination of inductance and capacitance, serves mainly to limit the current of the lamp(s) to the required value 3.2 control system various types of electrical and electronic
27、 systems including the following: systems used to control and regulate; systems to protect against solar radiation and/or glare; artificial lighting in relation to the currently available daylight; systems used to detect and record the presence of occupants 3.3 daylight factor D ratio of the illumin
28、ance at a point on a given plane due to the light received directly and indirectly from a sky of assumed or known luminance distribution to the illuminance on a horizontal plane due to an unobstructed hemisphere of this sky, where the contribution of direct sunlight to both illuminances is excluded
29、SOURCE: CIE S 017 /E:2011 ILV, modified Note 1 to entry: CIE S 017 /E:2011 defines the unit as 1. However, daylight factor is in practice, usually presented in percent values. 3.4 electrical power of artificial lighting system P the total electrical power consumption of the lighting system in the co
30、nsidered space 3.5 illuminance E quotient of the luminous flux d incident on an element of the surface containing the point, by the area dA of that element SOURCE: CIE S 017 /E:2011 ILV, modified Note 1 to entry: Unit: lx = lm m 2 . 3.6 lamp source made to produce optical radiation, usually visible
31、3.7 light reflectance ratio of the reflected luminous flux to the incident luminous flux in the given conditions Note 1 to entry: Unit: 1.2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 10916:2014(E) 3.8 light transmittance ratio of the transmitted luminous flux to the incident luminous flux in the given conditi
32、ons Note 1 to entry: Unit: 1. 3.9 luminaire apparatus which distributes, filters, or transforms the light transmitted from one or more lamps and which includes, except the lamps themselves, all the parts necessary for fixing and protecting the lamps and, where necessary, circuit auxiliaries together
33、 with the means for connecting them to the electric supply SOURCE: CIE S 017 /E:2011 ILV 3.10 luminous exposure quotient of quantity of light dQ vincident on an element of the surface containing the point over the given duration, by the area dA of that element Note 1 to entry: Unit: lx s = lm s m 2
34、. 3.11 luminous flux quantity derived from the radiant flux, e , by evaluating the radiation according to its action upon the CIE standard photometric observer Note 1 to entry: Unit: lm. 3.12 maintained illuminance E m value below which the average illuminance over the specified surface is not allow
35、ed to fall Note 1 to entry: Unit: lx = lm m -2 . 3.13 obstruction anything outside the window which prevents the direct view of part of the sky 3.14 rooflight daylight opening on the roof or on a horizontal surface of a building 3.15 task area partial area in the work plane in which the visual task
36、is carried out SOURCE: CIE S 017 /E:2011 ILV 3.16 visual task visual elements of the work being done SOURCE: CIE S 017 /E:2011 ILV 4 Symbols, indices, and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units apply. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO 10916:2014(E) 4.1
37、Symbols Quantity Unit light transmittance light reflectance luminous flux lm efficiency Q energy kWh angle, geographical latitude declination of the sun a depth M A area m 2 b width M bf occupancy factor C correction factor D daylight factor D mean daylight factor E illuminance lx E m maintained ill
38、uminance lx f, F factors g g-value H luminous exposure lxh h height m I index k space index k correction factor J counter for number of areas being evaluated N counter for number of zones p area-specific power W/m 2 t time H U U-value of glazing system W/m 2 K v distribution key wi light-well index
39、4 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 10916:2014(E) 4.2 Indices A absence ND no daylight At atrium Night night-time c control O occupancy Ca carcass opening R room D daylight rel relative Day day-time Rd room depth, space depth dir direct s transparent or translucent surface of the daylight aperture D6
40、5 standard lightsource D65 s supply e energic quantity SA sun-shading activated eff effective, root-mean-square Sh shading, obstruction ext external, outdoors SNA sun-shading not activated GDF glazed curtain wall, glazed double facade start start glob global sunrise sunrise hf horizontal fin or proj
41、ection t building use (operating) time i,j,n serial counter indices Ta task area In internal courtyard Tr transparency Li lintel u lower lsh linear shading usage usage max maximum v visual quantity mth monthly vf vertical fin or projection 5 Proof calculation method 5.1 Energy demand for lighting as
42、 function of daylight The final energy demand for lighting purposes is Q l,fto be determined for a total of N building zones which can be subdivided into J evaluation areas: (1) The energy demand of any one evaluation area j is calculated by applying Formulae (2) and (3). (2) where (3) applies to th
43、e total area of the respective evaluation area, ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5 ISO 10916:2014(E) and where Q l,f is the final energy demand for lighting; N is the number of zones; J is the number of areas; F c,j factor relating to the usage of the total installed power when constant illuminance cont
44、rol is in operation in the room or zone; p j is the specific electrical evaluation power of area j; A j is the floor area of area j; A D,j is that part of area j which is lit by daylight; A ND,j is that part of area j which is not lit by daylight; t eff,Day,D,j is the effective operating time of the
45、 lighting system, during day-time, in area j which is lit by daylight; t eff,Day,ND,j is the effective operating time of the lighting system, during day-time, in area j which is not lit by daylight; t eff,Night,j is the effective operating time of the lighting system, during night-time, in area j. T
46、he effective operating time, during day-time, in an area which is lit by daylight is calculated using Formula (4). (4) The effective operating time, during day-time, in an area which is not lit by daylight is calculated using Formula (5). (5) where t Day,n is the operating time of zone n during day-
47、time, as defined in 5.3; F D,j is the part-utilization factor to account for the illumination by daylight in the evaluation area j as defined in 5.6; F O,j is the part-utilization factor to account for the presence of persons (occupancy) in the evaluation area j as defined in 5.7. Formula (6) is use
48、d to calculate the effective operating time during night-time. (6) where t Night,n is the operating time of zone n during night-time, as defined in 5.3. Figure 1 illustrates the order in which the individual steps of the calculations are carried out.6 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 10916:2014(E) Figure 1 Flowchart showing calculation of the energy demand for lighting 5.2 Subdivision of a building into zones The final energy demand for lighting is calculated for all building zones N
