1、 Reference number ISO 10984-1:2009(E) ISO 2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10984-1 First edition 2009-08-15 Timber structures Dowel-type fasteners Part 1: Determination of yield moment Structures en bois lments de fixation de type cheville Partie 1: Dtermination du moment plastique ISO 10984-1:2009(E)
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5、IGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below
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7、i Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions. 1 3 Symbols . 2 4 Requirements 2 5 Test method. 2 6 Test report . 7 Annex A (informative) Fastener bending apparatus used for method A 9 Bibliography . 12 ISO 10984-1:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (
8、the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical commi
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10、hnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the membe
11、r bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifyin
12、g any or all such patent rights. ISO 10984-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 165, Timber structures. ISO 10984 consists of the following parts, under the general title Timber structures Dowel-type fasteners: Part 1: Determination of yield moment Part 2: Determination of embedding strength
13、 ISO 10984-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved v Introduction Dowel-type fasteners are those mechanical fasteners that are most widely used for timber structures. Their characteristics, such as yield moment, have a great effect on the mechanical performance of joints made with dowel-type fastener
14、s under loads. The purpose of this part of ISO 10984 is to define methods to measure the yield moment of a fastener as one of the basic parameters to interpret the behaviour of joints under loads. The requirements are necessary to replicate the same conditions as those for timber structures in the f
15、ield. This part of ISO 10984 contains two testing methods: method A, based on EN 409, by applying a four-points loading principle, and method B, based on ASTM F1575, by applying a three-points loading principle. The user can choose whichever method is relevant for the test to measure the yield momen
16、t of fasteners. ISO 10984-2 provides the test method to obtain other basic information on the behaviour of mechanical joints under loads. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10984-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1 Timber structures Dowel-type fasteners Part 1: Determination of yield moment 1 Scope Thi
17、s part of ISO 10984 specifies a laboratory method for determining the yield moment of dowel-type fasteners. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 dowel-type fastener nail, staple, bolt, screw, dowel or the like with plain or pattern
18、ed surfaces 2.2 Fastener section dimension 2.2.1 fastener section dimension plain round or profiled fastener diameter of the shank without coating 2.2.2 fastener section dimension square fastener length of one side of the section 2.2.3 fastener section dimension oval or rectangular fastener minimum
19、dimension of the section 2.3 Yield moment 2.3.1 yield moment method A the bending moment at the maximum load sustained by a dowel-type fastener under test, or the bending moment at which the fastener has deformed through an angle of 45, whichever is the lesser 2.3.2 yield moment method B the bending
20、 moment calculated using the load at the intersection of the load and deformation curve with a line represented by the initial tangent modulus offset by 5 % of the fastener diameter ISO 10984-1:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3 Symbols d fastener nominal section dimension as defined in 2.2, ex
21、pressed in millimetres F 1 , F 3maximum support loads on the fastener, expressed in newtons F, F 2 , F 4testloads applied to the fastener, expressed in newtons F yyield load determined from the load and deformation curve, expressed in newtons; see Figure 6 l length of fastener, expressed in millimet
22、ers l 1 ,l 3distances between loading points and the nearest support, expressed in millimetres; see Figure 1 l 2free length of the fastener, expressed in millimetres; see Figure 1 l 4length between supports, expressed in millimetres; see Figure 5 l 5length between the end of fastener and the nearest
23、 support, expressed in millimetres; see Figure 5 M yyield moment of the fastener, expressed in newton-millimetres , 1 , 2bending angle, expressed in degrees; see Figure 2 kcharacteristic density of the timber, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre f ttensile strength of the fastener, expressed in n
24、ewtons per square millimetre 4 Requirements The fasteners shall be, as far as possible, of the quality allowed by the relevant manufacturing specification. 5 Test method 5.1 General One of the two test methods shall be used: the four-point loading method (method A) or the three-point loading method
25、(method B). The user may choose one of these two methods, whichever is most relevant. 5.2 Method A 5.2.1 Principle The principle of the test method involves the loading of the fastener under test as shown in Figure 1 in such a manner that the loading points do not move along the fastener and the loa
26、ds remain normal to the axis of the fastener during the test. The dimensions l 1and l 3shall be not less than 2d. The free length of the fastener, l 2 , shall be between d and 3d. ISO 10984-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 3Key 1 fastener head 2 dowel-type fastener Figure 1 Fastener loading in
27、 method A Key 1 fastener head 2 dowel-type fastener Figure 2 Fastener deformation in method A 5.2.2 Materials Dowel-type fasteners shall be the same nails, staples, bolts, screws, dowels or the like as those used in the actual construction. For the fasteners with coatings, the coatings shall be remo
28、ved before measuring the diameter and carrying out the tests. 5.2.3 Apparatus 5.2.3.1 Testing apparatus, such that the loads F 2and F 4(see Figures 1 and 2) do not deviate by more than 5 % from each other. The bending moment diagram for the resulting yield moment M yis shown in Figure 3. NOTE A test
29、 apparatus that has been found suitable for this test is shown in Annex A. ISO 10984-1:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reservedKey 1 dowel-type fastener Figure 3 Yield moment M yon the fastener in method A 5.2.4 Preparation of specimen The fastener shall be tested about its weakest axis. 5.2.5 Loading
30、 procedure The load shall be applied to the fastener as shown in Figure 1, and shall be increased at such a rate that the bending angle defined in 5.2.6 is reached in (10 5) s. The maximum load shall be determined to an accuracy of 1 %. Record the loads and the corresponding values of the bending an
31、gle. 5.2.6 Bending angle For nails and staples, the bending angle shall be 45. For bolts, screws or dowels used in wood-based products, the bending angle shall be (110/d) degrees. For bolts, screws or dowels produced from steel material with a tensile strength of at least 1 000 N/mm 2used in timber
32、and glued laminated timber with a characteristic density of 360 kg/m 3(based on oven-dry mass and volume), the bending angle is given by Figure 4. For different tensile strength and/or different characteristic density of timber, the bending angle, , expressed in degrees, shall be determined as given
33、 in Equation (1): f =+ 0,44 k 12 t 2,78(1) where 1is the bending angle according to Figure 4, expressed in degrees; 2is 10 for nails, staples and screws, and 0 for dowels and bolts; kis the characteristic density of the timber, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre; f tis the tensile strength of th
34、e fastener, expressed in newtons per square millimetre. ISO 10984-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 5Key X nominal section, d, expressed in millimetres Y angle, , expressed in degrees Figure 4 Diagram for bending angle versus fastener diameter used for method A 5.2.7 Results Measure the loads,
35、F 1and F 3 , at the bending angle, , determined in accordance with 5.2.6. The value of the yield moment, M y , shall be calculated as the greater of the two expressions (F 1 l 1 ) and (F 3 l 3 ), and shall be determined to an accuracy of 1 %. When the test apparatus used is that shown in Annex A, Eq
36、uation (A.1) or Equation (A.2) shall be used to determine the yield moment in lieu of Equation (1). 5.3 Method B 5.3.1 Principle The principle of the test method B involves the loading of the fastener under test as shown in Figure 5 in such a manner that the lateral bending load is applied at a cons
37、tant rate during the test. Dimension l 4shall be at least 11d for nails and staples and 4d for bolts. Dimension l 5shall be not less than 2d for nails, staples and bolts. If the fastener is too short to meet this requirement, it shall be tested with the largest possible span and the span and testing
38、 circumstances shall be described in the test report. ISO 10984-1:2009(E) 6 ISO 2009 All rights reservedKey 1 fastener head 2 dowel-type fastener 3 pointed tip for nails and screws Figure 5 Fastener loading in method B 5.3.2 Materials For the fasteners with coatings, the coatings shall be removed be
39、fore measuring the diameter and carrying out the tests. 5.3.3 Apparatus 5.3.3.1 Testing machine, capable of operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable head and capable of measuring the load with an accuracy of 1 %. The cylindrical bearing points and loading point shall be any cylindrical
40、metal member capable of supporting and loading the test specimen without deformation, as shown in Figure 5, and having diameter, d, equal to 10 mm. 5.3.4 Preparation of specimen The fastener shall be tested about its weakest axis. 5.3.5 Loading procedure The load shall be applied to the fastener as
41、shown in Figure 5, and shall be increased at a constant rate to achieve maximum load in not less than approximately 30 s. The load and deformation shall be continuously monitored. The load shall be measured to an accuracy of 1 % and the deformation shall be measured to an accuracy of 0,03 mm. The lo
42、ad and deformation curve shall be produced to the point where the yield moment can be calculated from the relationship between load and deformation. ISO 10984-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 7 5.3.6 Results The offset yield point shall be determined by fitting a straight line to the initial l
43、inear portion of the load and deformation curve, offsetting the line by a deformation equal to 5 % of the fastener diameter, and selecting the point at which the offset line intersects the load versus deformation curve, as given by Figure 6. The load corresponding to the offset yield point is the yi
44、eld load and the yield moment, M y , in Newton millimetres of the fastener is calculated as given by Equation (2): F l M = y4 y 4(2) where F yis the yield load, expressed in newtons; l 4is the length between supports expressed in millimetres. Key X deformation, expressed in millimetres Y load, expre
45、ssed in newtons 1 5 % of fastener diameter 2 offset yield point Figure 6 Typical load versus deformation curve obtained from method B 6 Test report 6.1.1 Method A The test report for method A shall include the following: a) name and address of test laboratory; b) date of test report; c) reference to
46、 this part of ISO 10984; d) description of the fasteners; ISO 10984-1:2009(E) 8 ISO 2009 All rights reservede) description of the test apparatus; f) rate of loading; g) location of the free length of the fastener in the test; h) number of replicate tests; i) graphs plotting the values of bending ang
47、le and load; j) value of the yield moment. 6.2 Method B The test report for method B shall include the following: a) name and address of test laboratory; b) date of test report; c) reference to this part of ISO 10984; d) description of the fasteners; e) description of the test apparatus; f) rate of
48、loading; g) location of the free length of the fastener in the test; h) number of replicate tests; i) load versus deformation curve; j) value of the yield moment. ISO 10984-1:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 9 Annex A (informative) Fastener bending apparatus used for method A A.1 Apparatus A.1 F
49、astener bending apparatus, consisting of the following (see Figure A.1). a) The fastener under test (Figure A.1, key item 1) is held at one end in a loose fitting bushing (key item 2) fixed to an arm (key item 3) that can be rotated about point A. b) The other end of the fastener is put into a loose fitting bushing (key item 4) which is fixed to a lever (key item 5); c) The lever (key item 5) is suspended on a load gauge (key item 7) by a rod (key
