1、 ISO 2014 Writing and marking instruments Specification for caps to reduce the risk of asphyxiation Instruments pour lcriture et le marquage Spcifications pour les capuchons afin de rduire le risque dasphyxie INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11540 Second edition 2014-03-15 Reference number ISO 11540:2014(
2、E) ISO 11540:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
3、the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso
4、.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 11540:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions . 1 3 Requirements 1 3.1 General . 1 3.2 Cap size 1 3.3 Ventilated caps air flow . 2 3.4 Test report . 2 4 Identification 3 An
5、nex A (normative) Test for air flow . 4 Annex B (informative) Design guidance for pen caps vent area 6 Bibliography 7 ISO 11540:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing
6、International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaiso
7、n with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Direc
8、tives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that so
9、me of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declar
10、ations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information a
11、bout ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 10, Technical product documentation. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11
12、540:1993), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 11540:2014(E) Introduction If a child inhales a pen cap it might become lodged below the larynx and block the trachea. The risk of asphyxiation can be reduced if the pen cap is ventilated or too large to enter the airw
13、ay. Children have to be actively discouraged from sucking, chewing, or putting pen caps in their mouths. A way of avoiding the risk of inhalation of caps of writing and marking instruments is to manufacture products without caps whenever possible. However, if caps are essential, the provisions of IS
14、O 11540 minimize risk by specifying the design and performance of ventilated caps which reduce the likelihood of inhalation and delays asphyxiation pending medical intervention. ISO/TC 10 recognizes that while it is possible to identify the age range of the children who are most at risk, it is not p
15、ossible to identify with certainty any writing instruments with detachable caps that would never be accessible to children and hence never pose a risk. It is, however, acknowledged that certain products (i.e. writing and marking instruments which are designed or only intended for use by adults, e.g.
16、 jewellery pens, expensive fountain pens, professional technical pens) are not intended for use by children and such items have to be clearly labelled to that effect. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v Writing and marking instruments Specification for caps to reduce the risk of asphyxiation 1 Scope This
17、 International Standard specifies requirements to reduce the risk of asphyxiation from caps for writing and marking instruments. It relates to such instruments which in normal or foreseeable circumstances are likely to be used by children up to the age of 14 years. This International Standard is not
18、 applicable to the following: writing and marking instruments which are designed or only intended for use by adults, e.g. jewellery pens, expensive fountain pens, professional technical pens; transit caps for refills. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and
19、 definitions apply. 2.1 writing and marking instruments instruments for writing or marking with a detachable cap, including pens with a self-contained reservoir of ink or other marking fluid 2.2 cap detachable closure designed to cover the writing or marking tip when not in use 3 Requirements 3.1 Ge
20、neral Caps shall conform to at least one of the following: 3.2 or 3.3. 3.2 Cap size When a cap is introduced with its main axis perpendicular to a 16 mm diameter ring gauge of at least 19 mm thickness, and part of the cap enters the gauge, at least 5 mm of the length shall not enter under its own we
21、ight, see Figure 1. NOTE Caps which conform to this subclause are deemed to be too large to present an inhalation hazard. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 11540:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 ISO 11540:2014(E) 1 2 3 16 5 mm +0.05 -0.00 19 mm mm Key 1 direction of fall 2 ring gauge 3 cap Figure 1
22、Schematic diagram of gauge 3.3 Ventilated caps air flow When tested in accordance with Annex A, caps shall permit a minimum air flow of 8 l/min, measured at room temperature, with a maximum pressure drop of 1,33 kPa. NOTE 1 For caps relying on internal ventilation, a singular circular orifice with a
23、 cross-sectional area of approximately 3,4 mm 2can be expected to satisfy this criterion, but multiple small orifices might require a larger total cross-sectional area. NOTE 2 Guidance is given in Annex B for caps that rely on external ventilation. NOTE 3 Caps conforming to this subclause are deemed
24、 to not present an asphyxiation hazard. 3.4 Test report The report shall indicate whether the cap conforms to 3.2 or 3.3. The test report should indicate at least the following information: a) the size of the tubing used (see A.2.6) and its % relationship to the circumscribing circle of the caps tes
25、ted;2 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 11540:2014(E) b) the number of caps tested, the airflow of each cap in both directions, and the minimum air flow recorded. 4 Identification Writing or marking instruments, or their packaging or accompanying documentation, shall be legibly and indelibly identifi
26、ed with the name, trademark, or other means of identifying the manufacturer and/or supplier. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO 11540:2014(E) Annex A (normative) Test for air flow A.1 Principle The test cap is fully inserted into an elastomeric tube of the appropriate diameter and the air flow throu
27、gh the tube and the pressure drop are measured in both directions. A.2 Apparatus A.2.1 Air supply, pulse free and with a flow rate of at least 25 l/min within the pressure range of 4 kPa to 50 kPa. A.2.2 Flow regulator, capable of controlling the air flow with an accuracy of 0,1 l/min. A.2.3 Flow ga
28、uge, capable of measuring a flow rate of between 5 l/min and 10 l/min with an accuracy of 0,2 l/min. A.2.4 Pressure gauge, capable of measuring a pressure of at least 4,00 kPa to an accuracy of 0,01 kPa. A.2.5 Coupling and tubing, suitable for connecting equipment described above in accordance with
29、Figure A.1. A.2.6 Elastomeric tubing, with an internal diameter of 80 % to 85 % of that of the circumscribing circle of the cap to be tested, measured at its widest point; with a wall thickness of 0,75 mm 0,25 mm and shore A hardness of 55 10. NOTE 1 The apparatus is illustrated in Figure A.1. NOTE
30、2 Tubing of diameters appropriate to the cap body might be difficult to obtain and it might be advantageous to manufacture the tubing, as required, by a dip-moulding technique. A.3 Procedure A.3.1 Cut the elastomeric tubing (see A.2.6) into a length such that when the cap is inserted there is a rela
31、xed diameter of tubing at both ends of the cap when connected in the apparatus. Apply a soap solution or other suitable low viscosity lubricant to the full internal area of the tubing. Insert the cap into approximately the centre of the tube length and ensure that, as far as practicable, the cap is
32、parallel to the major axis of the tubing. A.3.2 Using suitable connectors and tubing, connect the tube/cap assembly (see A.3.3) to the apparatus, in accordance with Figure A.1. Turn on the air supply and adjust the flow until the pressure gauge indicates a pressure difference of 1,33 kPa. Record the
33、 flow rate indicated on the flow gauge at this pressure. A.3.3 Turn off the air supply, remove and reverse the tube/cap assembly and repeat A.3.2. Test the cap, giving the air flow results found in each direction. A.3.4 Complete the test report (see 3.4).4 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 11540:2014
34、(E) 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Key 1 air supply 2 flow control valve 3 flowmeter 4 pressure gauge 5 elastomeric tubing 6 cap 7 air exhaust Figure A.1 Schematic diagram of test rig ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5 ISO 11540:2014(E) Annex B (informative) Design guidance for pen caps vent area A continuous air passag
35、e of a least 6,8 mm 2should extend for the length of the cap body to within 2 mm of both ends. The cross-sectional area of the continuous air passage, if not entirely enclosed, should be that area that would be enclosed by a thin piece of cotton thread wrapped tautly around any section perpendicular
36、 to the main axis or the largest dimension (see Figure B.1). Alternatively, this area can be calculated using a CAD system. Where a clip or other protrusion is the means of providing the air passage it should be securely fixed and it should extend to within at least 2 mm of each end of the cap body.
37、 NOTE 1 The clip can extend any distance beyond the end of the cap body. NOTE 2 Caps conforming to this annex are unlikely to present an asphyxiation hazard, but need air flow testing to validate. Some caps quite different in configuration from the design described in this annex but which rely on ex
38、ternal ventilation might nevertheless satisfy the air flow requirements in 3.3 if tested using elastomeric tubing close to the maximum permitted internal diameter. A wise precaution is to retest such caps using tubing with an internal diameter close to 80 % of the caps circumscribing circle. 1 2 2 m
39、m 2 mm A A A - A Key 1 line of cotton thread 2 included area NOTE 1 It is essential that measurements are made at each change of section. NOTE 2 Included area has to be not less than 6,8 mm 2except within 2 mm of either end of cap body. Figure B.1 Sectional view of cap6 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 11540:2014(E) Bibliography 1 ISO 1938-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) Dimensional measuring equipment Part 1: Plain limit gauges of linear size ISO 2014 All rights reserved 7 ISO 11540:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved ICS 97.180;97.190 Price based on 7 pages
