1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 13281 First edition 1997-08-l 5 Industrial automation systems - Manufacturing Automation Programming Environment (MAPLE) - Functional architecture Systbmes dautomafisation industrielle - Environnement de programmation pour Iautomatisation industrielle (MAPLE) -Architecture
2、 fonctionnelle Reference number IS0 13281:1997(E) IS0 13281 :1997(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technic
3、al committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely w
4、ith the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of
5、 the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 13281 was prepared by Technical Committee lSO/TC 184, industrial automation systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 5, Architecture and communications. Annexes A to C of this International Standard are for information only. 0 IS0 1997 Al
6、l rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case
7、postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Internet centraliso.ch x.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central Printed in Switzerland ii 0 IS0 IS0 13281:1997(E) Introduction Over the recent past, manufacturing systems have become considerably more flexible and have acquired greater functionalit
8、y. The numbers and types of component devices of manufacturing systems, such as NC machines, robots, automated guided vehicles and programmable controllers, have increased. Furthermore, there is a definite trend for some of these devices to be incorporated in manufacturing cells. Manufacturing engin
9、eers are thus required to develop and update programs not only for many kinds of individual devices but also for combinations of devices and ultimately manufacturing cells. Due to this fact, the difficulty of integrating and programming the control of manufacturing operations has increased. Manufact
10、uring programs have an intense need for a large variety of manufacturing data, including product oriented data, process oriented data, operation oriented data and management oriented data. This diversity means that manufacturing data has a much more complicated and varied schema than the usual proce
11、ssing data encountered in other systems, e.g., business systems. Therefore, the use and management of manufacturing databases requires a special high-level technology. MAPLE addresses the following problems that have been traditionally recognized to be within the domain of manufacturing application
12、programming languages for automated production: - Manufacturing presents a diversity of tasks with widely varying requirements and constraints. Often, addressing these tasks requires programming. Because of the diversity of requirements and constraints, a variety of manufacturing application program
13、ming languages have been found necessary. - Typically, each manufacturing application programming language has its own unique environment of development methodologies, development, debug and simulation tools, and run-time services. Because these environments are stand-alone, it is difficult to achie
14、ve convenient access to the manufacturing databases. - As a result, it is only with difficulty that an application developer or designer may coordinate the use of differing manufacturing languages for the individual tasks of a complete project, though this is a common need. - Similarly, it is with g
15、reat difficulty that systems engineers and integrators combine programs developed using different manufacturing languages, because they use or require different run-time services. To address these problems, a language-independent manufacturing automation programming environment (MAPLE) is being stan
16、dardized. This International Standard represents the functional architecture of MAPLE as a first step towards achieving such an environment. MAPLE is a structured set of capabilities that connects the objects such as data used in advanced manufacturing technologies to the required user oriented tool
17、s. III IS0 13281:1997(E) This International Standard for the MAPLE functional architecture specifies the functionality and interconnection of the components in the environment. It is intended for the technical committees, subcommittees and working groups of those standardization bodies whose mandate
18、 will be to develop the standards for the MAPLE services and interfaces, as well as for the commercial developers of MAPLE. The MAPLE environment can replace existing in-house solutions that have been created by system integrators during the last decade to solve the above mentioned problems. This su
19、pport facility for programming will need a set of functionalities that are typical for the manufacturing environment, mainly because of the specific requirements of programming automated devices. Environments to support the programming of other automated devices outside the manufacturing domain (e.g
20、. a transportation system with unmanned trains) will have similar architectures to MAPLE. Nevertheless, the functionality and implementation of the components needed by these other environments will be different from MAPLE. MAPLE will provide the following benefits, which will lead to considerable t
21、ime and cost reduction: - easy and quick development of manufacturing programs; - easy and quick updating of manufacturing programs; - unified access for distributed manufacturing databases; - unified management of manufacturing databases; - effective utilization of manufacturing softvvare tools; -
22、provision of a framework for future manufacturing software tools and data models. iv INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 IS0 IS0 13281: 1997(E) Industrial automation systems - Manufacturing Automation Programming Environment (MAPLE) - Functional architecture 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the fu
23、nctional architecture of MAPLE, a Manufacturing Automation Programming Environment. MAPLE is a common vendor-independent neutral support facility for the programming of multiple manufacturing devices and controls. Thus, MAPLE offers a single environment for the programming of a number of devices and
24、 controls not necessarily made by the same company. In addition, MAPLE does not require specifying specific devices and controls at programming time. To the extent that it is concerned with the programming of manufacturing devices and controls, MAPLE will support the following areas: - connections b
25、etween various manufacturing data and manufacturing application programs; - management of several manufacturing databases; - sharing of manufacturing application programs and manufacturing software tools. The scope of this International Standard will be relevant to the following users of the MAPLE s
26、tandard: - developers of manufacturing application programs; - operators editing manufacturing programs; - engineers who need to refer to manufacturing data. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Internat
27、ional Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Member
28、s of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. lSO/TR 110651992, Mustrial automation glossary. IS0 13281:1997(E) 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in lSO/TR 11065 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 Data Transla
29、tor: a Manufacturing Software Tool for converting the representation of data. 3.2 Dictionary Manager: a Manufacturing Software Tool to facilitate the manipulation of the Manufacturing Data Dictionary and the Manufacturing Software Tool Dictionary. 3.3 Execution Manager: a software tool that controls
30、 the sequence of execution of internal processes of MAPLE and the external Manufacturing Application Programs and Manufacturing Software Tools. 3.4 Manufacturing Application Program: manufacturing software which has command and information connections with MAPLE (e.g. CAD systems), but is not regist
31、ered in the Manufacturing Software Tools Dictionary. 3.5 Manufacturing Database: a data repository, possibly distributed, containing product, process, facility and management oriented data. 3.6 Manufacturing Data Dictionary: a collection of data schema (meta-data) describing data in the Manufacturin
32、g Database. 3.7 Manufacturing Data Manager: a Manufacturing Software Tool enabling access to the Manufacturing Databases. 3.8 Manufacturing Software Tool: a software program registered in the Manufacturing Software Tool Dictionary, which provides simple or complex, manufacturing related functionalit
33、y for the support of Manufacturing Application Programs. (e.g. simulators, editors). 3.9 Manufacturing Software Tool Dictionary: a collection of descriptions of the capabilities of Manufacturing Software Tools and Manufacturing Application Programs. 3.10 MAPLE: a Manufacturing Automation Programming
34、 Environment, a common vendor- independent neutral support facility for the programming of multiple manufacturing devices and controls. 3.11 MAPLE Engine: part of the standardized core of MAPLE, a software tool for receiving and handling requests to MAPLE and the initialization of the entire environ
35、ment. 3.12 Software Tool Linker: a Manufacturing Software Tool to select and sequence other Manufacturing Software Tools and Manufacturing Application Programs to fulfil MAPLE Engine requests. 2 IS0 13281:1997(E) 4 MAPLE functional architecture and its components The MAPLE functional architecture, i
36、ts components and interfaces between these components, and the interfaces to the outside world are shown in figure 1. To facilitate the description of the components, and (in clause 5) the interfaces, the components and interfaces shown in figure 1 are labelled with the appropriate section numbers d
37、escribing them. Figure 2 shows the information and control flow between the MAPLE components themselves and the outside world. The following provides more functional detail on the architecture and components of the Manufacturing Automation Programming Environment. The functional architecture of this
38、 environment consists of the the MAPLE Engine, the Manufacturing Data Dictionary, the Manufacturing Software Tool Dictionary, a Dictionary Manager, a Manufacturing Data Manager, an Execution Manager and a Software Tool Linker, which provide standardized functionality and interfaces to the Manufactur
39、ing Application Programs, the Data Translator, the Manufacturing Software Tools and the Manufacturing Databases. The user interface is through the Manufacturing Application Programs and the Manufacturing Software Tools. The MAPLE Engine is the driver of the whole environment. To keep track internall
40、y of the variety of types of data being used in the Manufacturing Data Bases, a Manufacturing Data Dictionary, describing standard manufacturing data models, is provided. Similarly, to facilitate the use of Manufacturing Software Tools and Applications connected to MAPLE, especially if a number of s
41、uch Tools and Applications have to be linked to accomplish a given task, a Manufacturing Software Tool Dictionary, describing the Tools functionalities as well as their input and output requirements, is provided. The actual data handling is achieved through MAPLEs Manufacturing Data Manager. 4.1 MAP
42、LE Engine The MAPLE Engine provides the following functionalities: - allow for the initialization of the entire environment: - provide the MAPLE Interface between the MAPLE and the outside world; - accept external requests for services of the environment, related to the Software Tool Linker, Manufac
43、turing Data Manager, Data Translator and Dictionary Manager or any other Software Tool or Application Program connected to MAPLE; - interpret and process external requests by calling on either the Software Tool Linker or the Execution Manager directly; - provide status information to the user on req
44、uest through a Manufacturing Application Program or a Manufacturing Software Tool; - pass commands coming from the Execution Manager and directed to an external Manufacturing Software Tool or Application Program through the MAPLE Interface; 3 IS0 13281: 1997(E) - pass data between the Execution Mana
45、ger and external Manufacturing Software Tools or Application Programs through the MAPLE Interface. The MAPLE Engine is responsible for the handling and the control of external requests to MAPLE. For this purpose the MAPLE Engine provides an interface to all user applications and software tools conne
46、cted to MAPLE. The external requests to MAPLE are interpreted by the MAPLE Engine, which decides which actions should be taken. If the external request can be handled by one single action of a software tool or application (simple request) then a request for this action is passed to the Execution Man
47、ager who will take care of the execution. If the external request involves more complex actions, the MAPLE Engine issues a request to the Software Tool Linker to create a task list of actions that will fulfil the original request. The execution of the actions appearing in the task list is managed by
48、 the Execution Manager. In reply to the original request issued to MAPLE, the MAPLE Engine will provide the requested information, data or action as well as status information on the success or failure of handling the particular request made. 4.2 Dictionary Manager The Dictionary Manager permits man
49、ipulation of the Manufacturing Data Dictionary and the Manufacturing Software Tool Dictionary through the provision of the following functions for either one of the two dictionaries: - adding an entry to the dictionary; - deleting an entry from the dictionary; - editing an item in the dictionary; - searching for and retrieving a dictionary entry. All activities involving either the Manufacturing Data Dictionary or the Manufacturing Software Tool Dictionary are solely handled by the Dictionary Manager. These ac
