1、 ISO 2017 Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures Part 4: Environmental design of concrete structures Management environnemental du bton et des structures en bton Partie 4: Conception environnementale des structures en bton INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13315-4 First edition 2017-
2、03 Reference number ISO 13315-4:2017(E) ISO 13315-4:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
3、 electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-121
4、4 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 13315-4:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Framework of environmental design 2 5 Client briefing and en vir onmental performan
5、c e r equir ements . 3 6 Design 4 7 Estimation . 4 8 V erification . 4 9 Documentation . 4 Annex A (informative) Example structure of inventory, impact category, category endpoints and objects of protection . 5 Annex B (informative) Ex amples of measur es t o satisfy r equir ements for impact cat eg
6、ory indicators in the “Design” stage 6 Annex C (informative) Example of inventory analysis based on the LCA method and v erification (mix pr oportion of c oncr et e) 7 Bibliography 9 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 13315-4:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for S
7、tandardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the ri
8、ght to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedur
9、es used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial r
10、ules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights
11、identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an exp
12、lanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: w w w . i s
13、o .org/ iso/ foreword .html. The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 8, Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures. A list of all the parts in the ISO 13315 series can be
14、 found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 13315-4:2017(E) Introduction Environmental management is essential for properly estimating the negative and positive environmental impacts brought about by a construction project in order to reduce the environmental burden and create envi
15、ronmental benefits. Environmental considerations for a structure, in particular, are to be carried out at the design stage and be integrated with conventional structural design and durability design. To this end, standardization of the design procedure for environmental design becomes a necessity. I
16、SO 14040 stipulates the principles and framework of lifecycle assessment (LCA) for the environmental management of products and services. However, it is somewhat difficult to apply this to structures with extremely long lifecycles, such as infrastructures and building structures. The use of concrete
17、 a key construction material, accounts for a particularly large part of the environmental impacts related to construction projects. If the environmental impacts related to a concrete structure are accurately dealt with to achieve environmental design, this can enable a dramatic reduction in the env
18、ironmental burden for the construction project as a whole and increase the environmental benefits. Therefore, a method of environmental design specifically for concrete structures is essential and led to the development of this document. In the environmental design of a concrete structure, appropria
19、te specifications for materials and structural details are established based on LCA. ISO 13315-1 stipulates the principles of environmental consideration for concrete and concrete structures while ISO 13315-2 stipulates the system boundaries necessary for carrying out LCA and the inventory data to b
20、e acquired. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures Part 4: Environmental design of concrete structures 1 Scope This document provides the general framework, principles and requirements for carrying out an environmental design of concrete structur
21、es, based on a lifecycle assessment (LCA) method or other appropriate methods. This document is applicable to single concrete structures, as well as concrete structure complexes. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their conten
22、t constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 13315-2, Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures Part 2: System bound
23、ary and inventory data ISO 14040, Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13315-1, ISO 13315-2, ISO 14040 and ISO 14050, and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain
24、terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 3.1 c l ie nt br ie f i n g document which specifies at any point in time the rel
25、evant needs, aims and resources of the client and user, the context of the project and any appropriate design requirements 3.2 durability design design of a structure in which durability is considered 3.3 environmental design design of a structure in which environmental impacts are considered SOURCE
26、 ISO 13315-1:2012, 3.6 INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 13315-4:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO 13315-4:2017(E) 3.4 structural design design of a structure in which structural performances including safety, serviceability, restorability, structural integrity and robustness are considered 4 Fr
27、amework of environmental design Figure 1 illustrates the positioning of environmental design in the entire design of concrete structures. The environmental design of a concrete structure shall be carried out integrally with structural design and durability design and be in harmony with the landscape
28、 and surrounding environment. Environmental design includes client briefing, setting of environmental performance requirements, design, estimation of retained environmental performances, verification and documentation. Figure 1 Environmental design of concrete structures2 ISO 2017 All rights reserve
29、d ISO 13315-4:2017(E) 5 Cli ent briefing and en vir onmental perfo rmanc e r equir ements A clients brief on the environmental aspects of a project shall be prepared with consideration of economic and social aspects related to the purpose of executing the project, such as LCC and historical context.
30、 For a clients brief, LCC and environmental aspects to be considered shall be specified. Various levels may be specified, including an impact category indicator (inventory), impact category, category endpoints and objects of protection. NOTE An example of a brief with an impact category indicator (i
31、nventory), impact category, category endpoints and objects of protection is shown in Figure A.1 (see Annex A). Appropriate impact category indicators for performance verification shall be selected for the environmental aspects specified in the clients brief. When impact categories, category endpoint
32、s and objects of protection are specified as the levels of environmental aspects in the clients brief, impact category indicators that can estimate these levels shall be selected. Impact category indicators may include the following: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) equivalents; trichlorofluoromethane (CFC) e
33、quivalents; nitrogen oxide (NO x ); sulfur oxide (SO x ); total nitrogen; total phosphorus; heavy metals (lead, copper, chromium, cadmium, zinc, etc.); non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC); fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas); abiotic resources; particulate matter (PM); wastes; water; am
34、ount of resource recycling. When seeking harmony with the landscape and surrounding environment, impact category indicators may be selected for these factors as required. The environmental performance requirements shall be quantitatively set to satisfy the relevant laws and regulations, and the clie
35、nts brief. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3 ISO 13315-4:2017(E) 6 Design In design, specific measures shall be taken regarding constituents, mix proportions and structural details (such as member dimensions and steel content) to incorporate the environmental aspects set as the environmental performanc
36、e requirements. NOTE 1 The effects of thermal mass, water retention, water permeation, and planting can also be taken into account. NOTE 2 Annex B lists examples of specific measures necessary for satisfying the requirements for some impact category indicators considered as environmental aspects. 7
37、Estimation The retained environmental performance of a concrete structure or a concrete structure complex shall be appropriately estimated according to the established impact category indicators. The LCA method in this document shall be in accordance with the ISO 14040 series, and the system boundar
38、y and inventory data shall be determined according to ISO 13315-2. The retained environmental performance shall be estimated by inventory analysis. When the selected impact category indicators are noise, vibration, dust, electromagnetic waves and changes in water table levels, the value measured or
39、analysed in the past (or in a similar environment) shall be used for estimation. If the established impact category indicator is an environmental aspect for which no quantitative estimation method has been established, or an environmental aspect not suitable for quantitative estimation, then the est
40、imation shall be carried out by an appropriate method. NOTE Relevant environmental aspects include landscape disturbance and landform change, for which estimation can be qualitatively carried out from social-scientific points of view. 8 V erifica tion Verification shall be carried out to determine w
41、hether or not the retained environmental performance of a designed concrete structure satisfies the environmental performance requirements. NOTE Annex C shows an example of inventory analysis based on LCA and verification. When verification reveals that the retained environmental performance of the
42、designed concrete structure satisfies all performance requirements, verification ends. When verification reveals that the retained environmental performance of the designed concrete structure does not satisfy the performance requirements, the process flow shall return to the “Design” step to change
43、constituents, mix proportions and structural details (such as member dimensions and steel content) or, if this is not possible, to the “Client briefing” step to reconsider the performance requirements through discussions. If the project is not judged to be feasible, the client or owner may decide to
44、 discontinue the project. 9 Documentation All information related to the environmental design of the project shall be recorded and stored regardless of the results of verification. When the project is executed as a result of verification, the record shall be retained by the owner and designer for th
45、e whole service life of the concrete structure. It is desirable that information related to the environmental design in the project be utilized for the planning of similar projects.4 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO 13315-4:2017(E) Annex A (informative) Example structure of inventory, impact categor
46、y, category endpoints and objects of protection Figure A.1 Example structure of inventory, impact category, category endpoints and objects of protection ISO 2017 All rights reserved 5 ISO 13315-4:2017(E) Annex B (informative) Ex amples of measur es t o satisfy r equir ements for impact cat egory ind
47、icators in the “Design” stage The following are examples of specific measures that may become necessary to satisfy the requirements for each impact category indicator. These are to be considered as environmental aspects in the “Design” stage, in the case where carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxide
48、NO x ), sulfur oxide (SO x ), particulate matter (PM) or the recycling amount of resources are considered as an impact category indicator. When the impact category indicator is carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxide (NO x ), sulfur oxide (SO x ), or particulate matter (PM), the possible options are
49、 as follows: to optimize strength requirement and structural requirement satisfying the design service life; to reduce the Portland cement content by using blended cement; to reduce the fossil fuel consumption by substituting biomass fuel sources for fossil fuel sources in plants; to reduce the amounts of materials by improving the structure types and execution methods; to reduce the fossil fuel consumption by using fuel-efficient construction machinery and equipment; to reduce the
