1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13785-2 First edition 2002-12-15 Reference number ISO 13785-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 Reaction-to-fire tests for faades Part 2: Large-scale test Essais de raction au feu des faades Partie 2: Essai grande chelleISO 13785-2:2002(E) ii ISO 2002 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer Thi
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5、rved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the reques
6、ter. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in SwitzerlandISO 13785-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iii Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 P
7、rinciple 3 5 Test facility and test facility calibration 3 6 Fire source and exposure . 5 7 Test specimen . 6 8 Test specimen instrumentation . 6 9 Test specimen conditioning 8 10 Test environment 9 11 Procedure . 9 12 Expression of results 9 13 Precision . 9 14 Test report 10 Annexes A Standard ign
8、ition source . 11 B Alternative ignition sources . 13 B.1 Liquids . 13 B.2 Wooden cribs 13 Bibliography. 16ISO 13785-2:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies).
9、 The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
10、governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part
11、3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thi
12、s part of ISO 13785 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 13785-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth. ISO 13785 consists o
13、f the following parts, under the general title Reaction-to-fire tests for faades: Part 1: Intermediate-scale test Part 2: Large-scale test Annex A forms a normative part of this part of ISO 13785. Annex B is for information only.ISO 13785-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved v Introduction Fire is
14、 a complex phenomenon. Its behaviour and effects depend on a number of interrelated factors. The behaviour of materials and products depends on the characteristics of the fire, the method of use of the materials and the environment in which they are exposed. The theory of “reaction to fire tests” is
15、 explained in 2 . The need for improved thermal insulation of buildings, both for single- and multi-storey dwellings and for industrial buildings, has led to an increased use of insulated and often ventilated faades. In their end use, faade assemblies can potentially be subjected to three primary fi
16、re exposure scenarios. These are: a) an interior compartment fire venting through a window on to a faade; b) an exterior fire in combustibles accumulated near a wall (e.g. rubbish, vegetation, bush fires); c) radiant exposure from fire in an adjacent building. This part of ISO 13785 only covers item
17、s a) and b). Item c) is typically regulated by spatial separation and allowable openings in the building codes. The test specified in this part of ISO 13785 is for a post-flashover fire scenario within a building compartment venting through a window opening and impinging directly on to a faade. The
18、window fire exposure may also simulate a fire from combustibles accumulated near a wall. The results may not, however, reflect the actual performance of exterior wall assemblies under all fire exposure conditions. Fire on a faade can spread in several ways, with the most significant over a combustib
19、le exterior surface. Fire can also travel vertically and horizontally through air cavities within cladding or faade components or through an insulation core. Experience from real fire accidents, and also laboratory studies worldwide on configurations with and without internal corners, show that the
20、worst-case situation is with an internal corner. This part of ISO 13785 therefore includes an internal corner. Fire incidents show that fire can spread along an exterior faade, from the level of fire origin to the level above, regardless of the contribution from faade components. This test method th
21、erefore is intended to determine the contribution from the faade components to upward fire spread, beyond the floor immediately above the level of fire origin (i.e. the contribution from faade components for fire to spread from the level of fire origin to two levels above, also called leap-frogging)
22、. The two parts of ISO 13785 provide two methods of test: an intermediate-scale test specified in Part 1 which should only be used for screening or for evaluation of subcomponents or “families of products”, and the large scale test specified in this part, which should be used to provide an end-use e
23、valuation of all aspects of the faade system. A direct correspondence between the intermediate-scale test, specified in Part 1, and the full-scale test specified in this part, should not be assumed. The purpose of Part 1 is only to reduce the burden of testing in Part 2 by eliminating systems which
24、fail Part 1. The test specified in this part of ISO 13785 is intended to evaluate external wall or facing materials and constructions of faades which are not suitable for assessment using ISO 9705 3 , which evaluates the fire growth from a surface product intended to be used for internal wall and ce
25、iling linings. The test specified in this part of ISO 13785 does not rely on the use of asbestos-based materials.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13785-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 1 Reaction-to-fire tests for faades Part 2: Large-scale test WARNING So that suitable precautions may be taken to s
26、afeguard health, all persons involved in the fire tests should be aware of the possibility that toxic or harmful gases may be evolved during exposure of test specimens. Hazards are encountered when assessing the fire performance of any product on a large scale and it is essential that adequate preca
27、utions be taken. Particular attention should be paid to the potential evolution of smoke and toxic gases and to the fact that extensive flaming of specimens can occur sometimes, resulting in mechanical failure of fixings and joints and possible structural collapse. An adequate means of extinguishing
28、 the specimen should be provided. 1 Scope This part of ISO 13785 specifies a method of test for determining the reaction to fire of materials and construction of faade claddings when exposed to heat and flames from a simulated interior compartment fire with flames emerging through a window opening a
29、nd impinging directly on the faade. The information generated from this test may also be applicable to the scenario of an external fire impinging on a faade; however, the results may not be applicable for all fire exposure conditions. This method is applicable only to faades and claddings that are n
30、on-loadbearing. No attempt is made to determine the structural strength of the faade or cladding. This test is not intended to determine the fire behaviour of a given building faade. Details such as balconies, windows, window shutters, curtains, etc., are not considered in this test. This test does
31、not include the risk of fire spread, for example through the window details of the faade system, as it only is constructed as a faade wall. There is clear evidence that an internal corner (also called a re-entrant corner) configuration produces a more intense fire exposure than a flat faade. The mos
32、t commonly encountered internal re-entrant corner is with an angle of . The test faade specimen therefore contains an internal corner with a re-entrant angle of . The test method described is intended to evaluate the inclusion of combustible components within faades and claddings of buildings which
33、are otherwise of non-combustible construction. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 13785. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publication
34、s do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 13785 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Memb
35、ers of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety Vocabulary IEC 60584-2, Thermocouples Part 2: Tolerances 90 90 ISO 13785-2:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 13785, the term
36、s and definitions given in ISO 13943:2000 and the following apply. 3.1 assembly fabrication of materials and/or composites EXAMPLE Sandwich panels. NOTE An assembly may include an air gap, and vertical and horizontal joints. 3.2 composite combination of materials that are generally recognized in bui
37、lding construction as discrete entities EXAMPLES Coated, laminated or heterogeneous mixed materials. 3.3 exposed surface surface of a product subjected to the heating conditions of the test 3.4 faade cladding products or constructions added to the external surface of an existing wall or frame NOTE T
38、he structure can be of concrete, lightweight concrete block work, masonry, steel, timber, etc. The cladding may be applied directly to this structure or may incorporate an air gap and/or an insulating layer. 3.5 material single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture EXAMPLES Metal, stone, timber,
39、concrete, mineral wool, polymers. 3.6 product material, composite or assembly about which information is required 3.7 specimen faade or cladding representing the product of the end-use faade including joints and fixings NOTE 1 The specimen does not include the lightweight concrete block wall, if use
40、d, of the test rig. NOTE 2 The specimen may include an air gap. 3.8 surface product any part of a building that constitutes an exposed surface on the walls and/or the ceiling/roof EXAMPLES Panels, boards.ISO 13785-2:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 3 4 Principle The reaction to fire behaviour of
41、 a faade or cladding is assessed when exposed to flames impinging directly on the face of the faade or cladding after venting through a window aperture. The specimen is constructed with a re-entrant angle of , creating a re-entrant corner. Fire exposure of the faade specimen is specified by the leve
42、l of total heat flux measured on the exterior surface of the faade above the top of the window opening. In addition, minimum temperature conditions are set for the hot air plume venting from the fire compartment in order to ensure that the exposure simulates a post-flashover compartment fire. Fire c
43、ompartment dimensions are not considered paramount for the evaluation of the faade assembly. However, the fire compartment volume is specified, within a broad range, to eliminate extreme fire exposures. Testing laboratories may find that an existing combustion chamber can be suitably adapted for faa
44、de testing purposes. An example of a typical facility is shown in Figure 1. The choice of fuel is left to the discretion of the testing laboratory. The fire source should not produce smoke to a level that could obstruct visual observation of the faade performance. Visual observation of flame spread
45、will constitute an important measurement for qualitative assessment of the performance of the faade assembly. The resulting flame spread and mechanical behaviour on or within the faade construction will, however, be quantified by measurements such as total heat flux and temperature, in addition to v
46、isual observation. The objective of this test is to determine if the faade components could contribute to spreading the fire from the level of origin to two levels above. 5 Test facility and test facility calibration 5.1 Test facility 5.1.1 The test facility shall comprise a vertically-held main faa
47、de, containing a window opening to the combustion chamber (fire compartment). The facility shall also contain a vertically held wing faade to form a re-entrant corner with a re-entrant angle of . The location of the re-entrant corner shall be in the proximity of one vertical edge of the window openi
48、ng. An example of a test facility is shown in Figure 1. 5.1.2 The height of the test facility shall be at least above the window opening. The width of the main faade shall be at least . The width of the wing faade shall be at least . Both the main and the wing faades shall be mounted on a horizontal
49、 floor with no gaps between the horizontal floor and the vertical faades. Preferably, the wing wall should be movable horizontally, in parallel with the main faade, to from the edge of the window, to accommodate specimen thickness in the range to . 5.1.3 The combustion chamber shall be of a regular shape with an internal volume not less than and not more than . 5.1.4 The combustion chamber shall have only one opening in the main faade that shall be flush with the wall. The width of
