1、 Reference number ISO 13985:2006(E) ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13985 First edition 2006-11-01 Liquid hydrogen Land vehicle fuel tanks Hydrogne liquide Rservoirs de carburant pour vhicules terrestresISO 13985:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance w
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4、ery care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publicat
5、ion may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 2
6、0 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO 13985:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2
7、 4 Requirements 3 4.1 General requirements. 3 4.2 Mechanical stresses. 3 4.3 Thermal stresses 4 4.4 Materials 5 4.5 Design 5 4.6 Insulation . 5 4.7 Accessories. 6 4.8 Manufacturing and assembly 7 5 Type tests 7 5.1 Approval of new designs . 7 5.2 Inner tank burst pressure test . 8 5.3 Thermal autono
8、my test 8 5.4 Maximum filling level test 8 5.5 Accessory type tests 8 6 Routine tests and inspection. 8 6.1 General. 8 6.2 Pressure test . 8 6.3 Leak test 9 6.4 Verification of the dimensions 9 6.5 Destructive and non-destructive tests of welded joints. 9 6.6 Visual inspection 9 7 Marking and labell
9、ing . 9 7.1 Marking method 9 7.2 Inner tank markings 9 7.3 Outer jacket markings 10 7.4 Temporary markings for first filling 10 Annex A (normative) Fuel tank operating ranges. 11 Annex B (informative) Hydrogen compatibility . 12 Annex C (normative) Fuel tank type tests . 13 Annex D (normative) Acces
10、sory type tests. 15 ISO 13985:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technic
11、al committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely wi
12、th the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Inte
13、rnational Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document ma
14、y be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13985 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies. ISO 13985:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction The fuel tanks described in this Internat
15、ional Standard are intended to be used in conjunction with the fuelling system interface described in ISO 13984. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13985:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Liquid hydrogen Land vehicle fuel tanks 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the construction requirements
16、 for refillable fuel tanks for liquid hydrogen used in land vehicles as well as the testing methods required to ensure that a reasonable level of protection from loss of life and property resulting from fire and explosion is provided. This International Standard is applicable to fuel tanks intended
17、to be permanently attached to land vehicles. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any am
18、endments) applies. ISO 188:1998, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests ISO 1431-1, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking Part 1: Static and dynamic strain testing ISO 2768-1, General tolerances Part 1: Tolerances for linear and an
19、gular dimensions without individual tolerance indications ISO 6957, Copper alloys Ammonia test for stress corrosion resistance ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres Salt spray tests ISO 13984, Liquid hydrogen Land vehicle fuelling system interface ISO 21010, Cryogenic vessels Gas/mater
20、ials compatibility ISO 21013-3, Cryogenic vessels Pressure-relief accessories for cryogenic service Part 3: Sizing and capacity determination ISO 21014,Cryogenic vessels Cryogenic insulation performance ISO 21028-1, Cryogenic vessels Toughness requirements for materials at cryogenic temperature Part
21、 1: Temperatures below 80 C ISO 21029-1:2004, Cryogenic vessels Transportable vacuum insulated vessels of not more than 1 000 litres volume Part 1: Design, fabrication, inspection and tests ISO 23208, Cryogenic vessels Cleanliness for cryogenic service ISO 13985:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserve
22、d3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 accessory device fixed directly to the inner tank or outer jacket of a fuel tank such as a pressure relief valve, shut-off valve, non-return valve or level gauge 3.2 boil-off management system
23、system that controls the boil off of gas under normal conditions 3.3 burst pressure pressure that causes the rupture of a pressure vessel subjected to a constant increase of pressure during a destructive test 3.4 design temperature temperature of the inner tank, the outer jacket and all other access
24、ories to which fabrication drawings, inspections and physical measurements such as volume are referred 3.5 fuel tank vessel used for the storage of cryogenic hydrogen 3.6 hydrogen conversion system system designed for the consumption of hydrogen for energy transformation 3.7 impermissible fault rang
25、e pressure range within which an unwanted event is to be expected (see Annex A) 3.8 inner tank part of the fuel tank that contains liquid hydrogen 3.9 level gauge device that measures the level of liquid hydrogen in the fuel tank 3.10 maximum allowable working pressure MAWP maximum pressure to which
26、 a component is designed to be subjected to and which is the basis for determining the strength of the component under consideration 3.11 normal operating range range planned for the process values (see Annex A) NOTE In the case of inner tanks, the normal operating range of the inner tank pressure i
27、s from 0 MPa to the set pressure of the primary pressure relief valve, which is lower than or equal to the MAWP of the inner tank. 3.12 outer jacket part of the fuel tank that encases the inner tank(s) and its insulation system ISO 13985:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3 3.13 outer pressure pre
28、ssure acting on the outside of the inner tank or outer jacket 3.14 permissible fault range range between the normal operating range and the impermissible fault range (see Annex A) 3.15 pressure gauge pressure against atmospheric pressure, unless otherwise stated 3.16 thermal autonomy time of the pre
29、ssure increase in the inner tank measured from a starting pressure of 0 MPa at the corresponding boiling point of hydrogen ( 253 C) up to MAWP of the inner tank NOTE The thermal autonomy is a measure of the quality of the insulation of the fuel tank. 4 Requirements 4.1 General requirements The fuel
30、tank and its accessories shall function in a correct and safe way. It shall withstand and remain gas tight when subjected to the mechanical, thermal and chemical stresses specified in this International Standard. 4.2 Mechanical stresses 4.2.1 Inner/outer pressure 4.2.1.1 Inner tank The inner tank sh
31、all be designed to resist the following inner test pressure: p test= 1,3 (MAWP + 0,2) where p test is the test pressure, expressed in megapascals (MPa); MAWP is the maximum allowable working pressure of the inner tank, expressed in megapascals (MPa). The inner tank and its accessories shall be desig
32、ned to resist an outer pressure of 0,2 MPa. 4.2.1.2 Outer jacket The outer jacket shall be designed to resist an outer pressure of 0,2 MPa. 4.2.2 Accelerations 4.2.2.1 General The fuel tank and its accessories shall be mounted and protected so that the accelerations shown in Table 1 can be absorbed
33、without structural damage to the fuel tank and its accessories. No uncontrolled release of hydrogen is permitted. ISO 13985:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reservedTable 1 Accelerations Vehicle categories Accelerations Vehicles of categories M 1and N 120 g in the direction of travel 8 g horizontally p
34、erpendicular to the direction of travel Vehicles of categories M 2and N 210 g in the direction of travel 5 g horizontally perpendicular to the direction of travel Vehicles of categories M 3and N 36,6 g in the direction of travel 10 g horizontally perpendicular to the direction of travel The vehicle
35、categories include the following: Category M 1 : Vehicles used for the transportation of passengers and comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the drivers seat. Category M 2 : Vehicles used for the transportation of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the drivers
36、 seat, and having a maximum mass that does not exceed 5 000 kg. Category M 3 : Vehicles used for the transportation of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the drivers seat, and having a maximum mass exceeding 5 000 kg. Category N 1 : Vehicles used for the transportation of go
37、ods and having a maximum mass that does not exceed 3 500 kg. Category N 2 : Vehicles used for the transportation of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 3 500 kg, but not exceeding 12 000 kg. Category N 3 : Vehicles used for the transportation of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 12 000
38、 kg. 4.2.2.2 Inner and outer support When exposed to the accelerations described in Table 1, the stress in the support elements shall not exceed 50 % of the minimum ultimate tensile strength of the material (R m , calculated according with the linear stress model). The allowable stress in the suppor
39、t elements may not have to be calculated if it can be demonstrated that the fuel tank supports the accelerations given in Table 1 without any structural damage to the inner tank or its supports. 4.3 Thermal stresses 4.3.1 Design temperature The design temperature of the inner tank, the outer jacket
40、and the accessories shall be 20 C. In addition, the inner tank, the outer jacket and the accessories shall be designed to withstand a temperature range from the lowest to the highest possible operating temperatures that will be encountered in service. 4.3.2 Ambient temperature The fuel tank shall be
41、 designed to withstand ambient temperatures ranging from 40 C to 85 C. If the fuel tank is to be installed in areas of internal heat sources such as the internal combustion engine compartment of a vehicle, the fuel tank shall be designed for an ambient temperature of 120 C, or a lower value if subst
42、antiated by calculations. 4.3.3 Operating temperature The thermal stresses produced by the operating conditions shall be considered. The inner vessel and the other components that may be in contact with liquid hydrogen shall be designed to operate at 253 C. ISO 13985:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights rese
43、rved 5 4.4 Materials The materials of the fuel tank and its accessories shall be compatible, as applicable, with: a) hydrogen; b) other media and fluids found in a land vehicle environment, such as coolants and battery acid. NOTE Recommendations for lowering the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlem
44、ent are given in Annex B. Materials used at low temperatures shall meet the toughness requirements of ISO 21028-1. For non-metallic materials, low temperature suitability shall be validated by an experimental method, taking into account the service conditions. The materials used for the outer jacket
45、 shall ensure the integrity of the insulation system, and their elongation at fracture, at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, shall be at least 12 %. A corrosion allowance does not need to be added for the inner tank. A corrosion allowance does not need to be added on other surfaces, if they are pr
46、otected against corrosion. For welded vessels, welds shall have properties equivalent to those specified for the parent material for all temperatures that the material may encounter. 4.5 Design 4.5.1 Design validation The design of the fuel tank shall be validated in accordance with the design optio
47、ns specified in 10.1 of ISO 21029-1:2004. 4.5.2 Inner tank and outer jacket Unless the design is validated as per option 10.1.3 of ISO 21029-1:2004, the design of the inner tank and the outer jacket shall meet all the design rules specified in 10.3 of ISO 21029-1:2004. If the design is validated as
48、per option 10.1.3 of ISO 21029-1:2004, the exceptions specified in 10.1.3 of ISO 21029-1:2004 shall apply. Unless indicated otherwise, the general tolerances of ISO 2768-1 shall apply. 4.6 Insulation 4.6.1 General requirements The insulation system installed on a fuel tank shall meet the requirement
49、s of ISO 21014. Except in the vicinity of the pressure relief valves, no ice shall form on the outer wall of the fuel tank under normal operating conditions. When exposed to fire as per 5.3, the thermal autonomy of the fuel tank, equipped with vacuum insulation and fire protection measures (if present), shall be at least 5 min. The insulation of the accessories shall prevent liquefaction of the air in contact with the outer surfaces, unless a system is to be provided for collecting
