1、 Reference number ISO 14131:2005(E) ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14131 First edition 2005-02-01 Agricultural sprayers Boom steadiness Test methods Pulvrisateurs agricoles Stabilit des rampes Mthodes dessai ISO 14131:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accord
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6、neva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedISO 14131:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Test cond
7、itions 3 5 Test methods and requirements . 3 Annex A (normative) Dimensional specifications of boom and suspension. 8 Annex B (informative) Example results for field or track tests Curves of displacements related to balance position . 9 Annex C (informative) Example results for track tests Peak-to-p
8、eak amplitudes for oscillations 10 Annex D (informative) Example results for field or track tests Curves of displacements related to balance position . 11 Bibliography . 13 ISO 14131:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwi
9、de federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on tha
10、t committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in a
11、ccordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard re
12、quires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14131 was prepared by Techn
13、ical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry, Subcommittee SC 6, Equipment for crop protection. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14131:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Agricultural sprayers Boom steadiness Test methods 1 Scope This International Standard specifies tes
14、t methods for measuring boom steadiness in agricultural field crop sprayers, with the objective of evaluating the stability of the boom and the quality of its suspension, and determining its movements. NOTE Safety methods for agricultural sprayers are specified in ISO 4254-6. 2 Normative references
15、The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5008, Agricultural wheeled tractors and field
16、 machinery Measurement of whole-body vibration of the operator 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 boom centre point located in the vertical plane of the boom and at the median of the segment joining the output of the nozzles in t
17、his plane See Figure 1. Key 1 Y-axis 2 axis of end nozzle 3 segment joining output of nozzles 4 Z-axis 5 boom centre Figure 1 Defined locations on a boom ISO 14131:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved3.2 boom section end distal point of each boom section 3.3 boom tip distal point of the boom 3.4 r
18、eference axle axle nearest the boom NOTE In the case of a trailed sprayer, it is the axle of the sprayer. 3.5 vertical displacement distance between the position at rest of a boom section end at moment t 0of the beginning of the test and its position at the moment given, measured along the vertical
19、axis, in a vertical plane perpendicular to the axis of the boom See Figure 2. Key X X-axis (in driving direction) Y Y-axis (along boom) Z Z-axis (in vertical plane) 1 origin (boom centre) Figure 2 Origin and direction references 3.6 horizontal displacement distance between the position at rest of a
20、boom section end, at moment t 0of the beginning of the test, and its position at the moment given, measured along the horizontal axis, in a vertical plane perpendicular to the axis of the boom See Figure 2. ISO 14131:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 34 Test conditions 4.1 General The sprayer sho
21、uld be operated according to good practice, and should be referenced in the manufacturers manual unless it is the subject of the test. 4.2 Tyres All characteristics of the tyres shall be recorded in the test report (see 5.5), including their inflation pressure. 4.3 Adjustment of boom The boom shall
22、be tested opened, with a height relative to the targets adjusted according to the specifications of the nozzle under test: for 110/120 nozzles it is usually 50 cm and for 80/90 nozzles, 75 cm. Adjustments specified in the manufacturers manual shall be used and specified in the test report. 4.4 Dista
23、nce between wheels Track width and wheel bases shall be specified in the report. 4.5 Dimensional specifications The dimensional specifications for the sprayer, its boom and its suspension (see Annex A), at rest, shall be determined and recorded in the test report. 5 Test methods and requirements 5.1
24、 General Three categories of test are specified, depending on excitation and measurement situation: field (5.2), track (5.3) and simulator (5.4). 5.2 Tests on fields 5.2.1 General conditions Good agricultural practices for spraying shall be respected. Record the meteorological conditions, including
25、wind speed and wind direction related to track direction (see 5.2.2), in the test report. The wind speed, measured at a height of 2 m, shall be not more than 5 m/s. 5.2.2 Track In case of wind speed higher than 4 m/s, the track direction should be in the crosswind direction. The sprayer under test s
26、hall be driven down the track three times. The minimum length of the track shall be equivalent to at least 30 s of driving. The minimum starting length to minimize the start-up effect of the boom movements shall be 1 m/ per 0,1 m/s driving speed with a minimum of 20 m. ISO 14131:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 A
27、ll rights reserved5.2.3 Driving speed Unless speed variation is continuously monitored, the driving speed shall be constant during the test. 5.2.4 Motion measurement 5.2.4.1 General The frequencies measured shall be at least between 0,1 Hz and 5 Hz. The sample rate shall be a minimum of 10 Hz. 5.2.4
28、.2 Displacement If directly measured or obtained by proper integration/double integration of velocity/acceleration, then the accuracy shall be minimum 0,1 cm per 1 m of boom length. Measure both the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement. 5.2.4.3 Velocity If directly measured or obtai
29、ned by integration of accelerations, then the accuracy shall be the same as that obtained by derivation of displacement. 5.2.4.4 Acceleration If directly measured, then the accuracy shall be the same as that obtained by double derivation of displacement. 5.2.5 Procedure 5.2.5.1 Specific condition Me
30、asure the travel speed. 5.2.5.2 Minimum requirements Conduct any test at least five times (the usual number of repetitions is 10 times). a) Global evaluation of general behaviour of boom Select a reference point in at least the vertical direction. Depending on the purpose of the test, the reference
31、point may be the sprayer frame, ground surface, crop surface or an absolute point or plane. Carry out measurements at a minimum of one measurement point (e.g. at the boom tip). b) Evaluation of boom motion Select reference points in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Depending on the purpo
32、se of the test, a reference point may be the sprayer frame, ground surface, crop surface or an absolute point or plane. Carry out measurements, which shall be related to the boom centre, at a minimum of two measurement points boom centre and boom tip preferably at each boom section end. ISO 14131:20
33、05(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 55.3 Tests on tracks 5.3.1 General The objective is to use bumps and/or holes to generate impulses, the intent being to approximate working conditions in the field in a reproducible way, and to analyse the movements of the boom under these conditions. Unless tank f
34、illing level is the subject of the test, the tank of the sprayer shall be empty. 5.3.2 Track The track shall be built using a material that does not lose its shape. Movable obstacles may be added if they are fixed on the track such that the tractor cannot displace them. The minimum length of the tra
35、ck shall be 50 m or such that at least 25 s of driving can be monitored. The minimum starting length to minimize the start-up effect of the boom movements shall be 1 m per 0,1 m/s driving speed with a minimum of 20 m. A suitable track is as specified in ISO 5008:2002, 11.2.1 b) (“smoother track”). 5
36、.3.3 Driving speed Unless speed variation is continuously monitored, the driving speed shall be constant during the test. 5.3.4 Motion measurement 5.3.4.1 General Measure and record the vertical and horizontal motion. The frequencies measured shall be at least between 0,1 Hz and 5 Hz. The sample rat
37、e shall be a minimum of 10 Hz. 5.3.4.2 Displacement If directly measured or obtained by proper integration/double integration of velocity/acceleration, then the accuracy shall be minimum 0,1 cm per 1 m of boom length. Measure both the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement. 5.3.4.3 Ve
38、locity If directly measured or obtained by integration of accelerations, then the accuracy shall be the same as that obtained by derivation of displacement. 5.3.4.4 Acceleration If directly measured, then the accuracy shall be the same as that obtained by double derivation of displacement. ISO 14131
39、:2005(E) 6 ISO 2005 All rights reserved5.3.5 Procedure 5.3.5.1 Specific conditions Measure the travel speed. Track tests should have a flag in the displacement/velocity or acceleration data stream (or temporally close in a parallel data stream) to indicate the location of a bump or dip. 5.3.5.2 Mini
40、mum requirements Conduct any test at least three times. Select reference points in both the vertical and horizontal directions. Depending on the purpose of the test, a reference point may be the sprayer frame, ground surface, crop surface or an absolute point or plane. Carry out measurements, which
41、shall be related to the boom centre, at a minimum of two measurement points boom centre and boom tip preferably at each boom section end. 5.4 Tests on simulators 5.4.1 General A simulator is a device used to apply mechanical energy with different degrees of freedom to the stationary sprayer in order
42、 to force sprayer movements. This gives the opportunity to study spray boom movements under well-defined conditions in a reproducible way. Simulators may be designed to apply excitations to just one wheel, to both wheels of one axle or to the whole sprayer or tractor-sprayer-combination with or with
43、out wheels. Unless tank filling level is the subject of the test, the tank of the sprayer shall be empty. 5.4.2 Signal inputs Different drive signals may be used, for example, artificial signals as sine vibrations or random signals to simulate practical conditions. If the sprayer is tested with seve
44、ral successive sinusoidal inputs, the frequencies shall be in a range of 0,1 Hz to 3 Hz with increments of preferably 0,5 Hz. The amplitudes of these signals shall be between 10 mm and 20 mm for the frequencies 0,1 Hz to 0,5 Hz, between 5 mm and 10 mm for the frequencies 1 Hz to 1,5 Hz, and between
45、2 mm and 5 mm for the frequencies 2 Hz to 3 Hz. If the sprayer is tested with wheels, these amplitudes shall be doubled in order to compensate the filtering by the tyres. The duration of the signal shall be such that 10 periods can be recorded once the system has stabilized. A swept sine or a random
46、 signal with the above frequency and amplitude range may be used as an input. 5.4.3 Motion measurement Measure and record the vertical displacement and the horizontal displacement relative to the balance position. Adapt the sample rate to the maximum frequency of the drive signal so as to obtain 10
47、points per period. The maximum sample rate is thus 30 s 1for an input at 3 Hz. ISO 14131:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 75.4.3.1 Accuracy Minimum measuring accuracy shall be 2 mm. 5.4.4 Procedure/minimum requirements Conduct any test at least three times. The reference point in both the vertic
48、al and horizontal directions shall be the position of the boom when the sprayer is at rest. Carry out measurements, which shall be related to the boom centre, at a minimum of two points boom centre and boom tip preferably at each boom section end. 5.5 Test report 5.5.1 General conditions The followi
49、ng shall be detailed in the test report. Description of tractor, sprayer (with dimensional specifications of the boom and the suspension, see Annex A), specific equipment and set-up, test conditions (tyres, tractor and sprayer weights, wheelbase and axle, filling of tank, attachment of sprayer, etc.). Measurement device and procedure (type of sensors, position of measurement points, etc.). Provide a chart of the position of the measurement points. Conditions during the measur
