1、 Reference number ISO 14697:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14697 First edition 2007-07-15 Reaction-to-fire tests Guidance on the choice of substrates for building and transport products Essais de raction au feu Lignes directrices sur le choix de subjectiles pour les produits du btiment e
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5、t the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
6、either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 14697:2007(E) I
7、SO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Guidance on selection of substrates 2 5 Storage and conditioning of standard substrates 4 6 Methods of application to the substrate. 4 7 Non-standard substrates . 5 Bibliogra
8、phy . 6 ISO 14697:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committee
9、s. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Inter
10、national Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International St
11、andards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the sub
12、ject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14697 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth. This first edition of ISO 14697 cancels and replaces ISO/TR 14697:1997, which h
13、as been technically revised. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14697:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Reaction-to-fire tests Guidance on the choice of substrates for building and transport products 1 Scope This International Standard gives guidance on the choice of substrates for building and transpo
14、rt products, when required, for use in reaction to fire tests. This International Standard is applicable to those building and transport products that are produced and used in combination with other materials; for example, wall-coverings are adhered to many different substrates that vary in their th
15、ickness, density, thermal conductivity and flammability characteristics. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the reference
16、d document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1716, Reaction to fire tests for building products Determination of the heat of combustion ISO 13943, Fire safety Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following ap
17、ply. 3.1 assembly fabrication of materials, products and/or composites NOTE This may include an air gap. 3.2 coating product applied as a liquid or a powder to a substrate that cures or dries as an external layer on the substrate 3.3 composite combination of materials, which is recognized in buildin
18、g and transport vehicle construction as a discrete entity 3.4 exposed surface that surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test or fire in end use 3.5 end use method of application in an actual building or transport vehicle ISO 14697:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved3.
19、6 facing thin, pre-produced sheet or film product that is applied to the substrate using an adhesive or the self-adhesive properties of the substrate or facing 3.7 material single basic substance or uniformly dispersed mixture of substances EXAMPLES Metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral wool with
20、dispersed binder and polymers. 3.8 product material, composite, component or assembly about which information is required 3.9 spacers material with PCS equal to 0 (when tested in accordance with ISO 1716) applied in the form of strips to a substrate with PCS equal to 0 (also when tested in accordanc
21、e with ISO 1716) to provide an air gap (open or closed) behind a product for testing purposes NOTE Spacers fabricated from combustible materials may be used in specific test specimens if these are appropriate to the end-use application. 3.10 substrate product that is used (or is representative of th
22、at used) immediately beneath the product about which information is required EXAMPLE Plasterboard beneath a wall covering. NOTE This definition of a substrate is different from that given in ISO 2424. For textile floor coverings, the substrate is considered to be part of the floor-covering assembly
23、below the use surface. In the context of this fire-testing International Standard, the substrate should be chosen to represent the type of floor on which the textile or non-textile floor covering is placed. 3.11 standard substrate product that is representative of the substrate used in end-use appli
24、cations 3.12 test specimen piece of the product that is tested with or without any substrate, including any air gap or treatment 4 Guidance on selection of substrates 4.1 In all cases, end-use substrates shall be used. The term end-use substrate shall apply not only to the product immediately beneat
25、h the surface to be tested, but also to the method of attachment that shall also be end-use in terms of the type and application, where appropriate. The test method defines the required test-specimen dimensions. If the product has both primary and secondary substrates in end-use practice, the test s
26、pecimen shall be prepared to incorporate both substrates. The second substrate may be an air gap. For example, in the case of paint coating on a steel plate that has an insulation substrate beneath it (as in a sandwich panel construction), the paint layer shall be tested together with the steel and
27、the insulation. Water or another highly conductive liquid should not be used as a secondary substrate in any test method. ISO 14697:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 This requirement for end-use testing is necessary since underlying layers of products and also various methods of attachment are
28、known to have a profound effect on the fire performance of the surface product. The effects are more pronounced when assessing some parameters than others; for example, the choice of substrates when assessing the spread of flame performance of a product can make the difference between having the low
29、est or highest level of performance for the same surface material. Choice of the method of attachment can also affect performance, since partial delamination can create a significantly worse fire performance due to the insulatory air layer created between the product and the substrate. In some actua
30、l uses, the substrate can be “air,” since an air gap is formed in the construction of the lining to wall, ceiling or floor surfaces, by the use of battens, etc. If an air gap is used in practice, then this should be simulated in the preparation and testing of the specimen; see 6.2. Table 1 Standard
31、substrates Standard substrate Density Thickness Typical values of thermal inertia PCSaCFEbQ sbckg/m 3mm W 2 s/m 4K 2MJ/kg kW/m 2MJ/m 2Fibre cement board (see ISO 390) 1 800 100 6 1 9,0 10 4u 2,0 Calcium silicate board 870 50 11 2 9,0 10 4u 2,0 Gypsum plasterboardd800 100 12,5 0,5 5,8 10 4 W 15,0 W 3
32、,2 Stone fibre mineral wool slabe50 20 25 5 1 10 3 1,0 Steel sheet 7 850 50 0,8 0,1 2,4 10 8Inert Inert Inert Aluminium sheet 2 700 50 1,0 0,2 4,7 10 6Inert Inert Inert Particleboardf680 5,0 12 2 2,4 10 5 W 5,5 W 2,35 aPCS is the gross calorific potential (ISO 1716). bCFE is the critical flux at ext
33、inguishment (ISO 5658-2). cQ sbis the heat for sustained burning (ISO 5658-2). dWith paper facing having a maximum weight of 220 g/m 2 . eMass loss less than 3 % at 550 C (see ISO 1887). fNon-fire-retarded, for internal use (see ISO 820). 4.2 As an alternative option, for non-combustible (i.e. PCS e
34、qual to 0 when tested in accordance with ISO 1716) substrates or substrates of limited combustibility (i.e. PCS 1,0 MJ/kg when tested in accordance with ISO 1716), the following standard substrates shall be used to represent end-use substrates having a density (or thickness) that is equal to or more
35、 than the nominal value of the density (or thickness) of the standard substrate; see Table 1. NOTE The PCS criteria that are given in Clause 4 are those that are specified in EN 13501-1. The substrates have very little contribution to the fire itself in terms of combustibility, but all affect the fi
36、re characteristics of the surface product due to their different thermal inertia. Gypsum plasterboard has been included despite its similar density to calcium silicate board due to its different fire performance properties and the differences exhibited by various surfaces, particularly in terms of s
37、pread of flame when tested using the two different substrates. The standard steel substrate is representative only of metal substrates in end use with a melting point equal to or greater than 1 000 C, independent of thickness and density. ISO 14697:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reservedThe standard
38、aluminium substrate is representative only of metal substrates in end use of a greater thickness and density. Where a standard combustible substrate is required, the recommended standard substrate shall be used to represent end-use substrates that have a density that is equal to or more than the den
39、sity of the standard substrate. 4.3 Standard substrates shall be used to assess surface coatings (e.g. paint) but where a product in its end-use form provides a multilayer (i.e. surface, adhesive and substrate), end-use substrates and methods of attachment shall be used; see Clause 5). A study 1on a
40、 number of standard substrates has been conducted, which provides a theoretical and practical understanding of the problem of substrate selection. It concludes that the outcome of the test shall reflect the fire behaviour of the real product in practical applications. Therefore, the substrate of the
41、 test specimens shall be as representative of the common use as possible. The report goes on to identify areas where substrates have no effect on the results and these are mainly where the testing time is short or the specimen is relatively thick. 4.4 Where the substrates used in practice are combus
42、tible, the material shall be tested together with its end-use substrate and method of attachment. 5 Storage and conditioning of standard substrates Standard substrates shall be stored in a conditioning atmosphere at a temperature of (23 2) C and a relative humidity of (50 5) % (ISO 554) until consta
43、nt mass is achieved, at which time they are ready for use. Constant mass is considered to be attained when two successive weighing operations, carried out at an interval of 24 h, do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the specimen or 0,1 g, whichever is the greater. 6 Methods of application
44、 to the substrate 6.1 Methods of attachment Wherever possible, the method of attachment in end-use practice shall be reproduced in the preparation of the specimen for test; i.e. end-use adhesive and end-use quantities, etc. If the order in which the attachments are mounted is known, this shall also
45、be reproduced in the test specimen. For example, if the adhesive is applied to the substrate and not to the surface product in practice, then it shall be applied to the substrate during test specimen preparation. The time for curing and drying shall be the same as or greater than that used in end-us
46、e practice. In some instances, with certain methods of attachment or due to the size of the test specimen (e.g. for ISO 5660-1, where the specimen size is 100 mm 100 mm square), it might not be possible to fix it as in practice, (e.g. if the product in this case is nailed). The test specimen shall,
47、therefore, be attached in an appropriate and representative manner. Where a product is used with a substrate and the edges of the product and its substrate are both covered, this shall also be reproduced for the test. 6.2 Construction of air gaps An air gap is normally constructed by placing the spe
48、cimen over spacers mounted around the perimeter of a standard substrate so that an enclosed air gap is provided between the unexposed surface of the specimen and a substrate selected from Table 1. The thickness of the spacers used shall be representative of the end-use air gap. The spacers shall be
49、constructed from board with a PCS equal to 0 (when tested in accordance with ISO 1716). ISO 14697:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 5 7 Non-standard substrates This International Standard has identified a variety of substrates that are commonly used in building and transport applications. These substrates have been defined as “standard” substrates and they have been specified in Table 1. However, there are other applications where it is necessary to determine the reactio
