1、Reference number ISO 15534-2:2000(E) ISO 2000 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15534-2 First edition 2000-02-15 Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery Part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings Conception ergonomique pour la scurit des machines Partie 2: Principes
2、 de dtermination des dimensions requises pour les orifices daccsISO 15534-2:2000(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed
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6、ssion in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 734 10 79 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 2000 All rights reservedI
7、SO 15534-2:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 General requirements2 4 Access openings .3 4.1 Access opening for the upper body and arms .3 4.2 Access opening for the head as far as the shoulders for inspection tasks4
8、 4.3 Access opening for both arms (either forward or downward)4 4.4 Access opening for both lower arms up to the elbow (either forward or downward)5 4.5 Opening for access to the side for one arm up to shoulder joint.6 4.6 Access opening for one lower arm up to the elbow 6 4.7 Access opening for fis
9、t .6 4.8 Access opening for flat hand to wrist, including thumb .7 4.9 Access opening for flat hand (four fingers) to base of thumb7 4.10 Access opening for index finger, restricted by the other fingers.8 4.11 Access opening for one foot to ankle bone8 4.12 Access opening for forefoot-operated contr
10、ol actuators8 Annex A (normative) Application of the measurements in practice9 Annex B (informative) Position of access openings .13 Annex C (informative) Symbols for dimensions and anthropometric body measurements.21 Bibliography23ISO 15534-2:2000(E) iv ISO 2000 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (th
11、e International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committ
12、ee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechn
13、ical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval
14、 by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 15534 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 15534-2 wa
15、s prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3, Anthropometry and biomechanics. ISO 15534 consists of the following parts, under the general title Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery : Part 1: Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for w
16、hole-body access into machinery Part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings Part 3: Anthropometric data Annex A forms a normative part ot this part of ISO 15534. Annexes B and C are for information only.ISO 15534-2:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved v Introductio
17、n This part of ISO 15534 is one of several ergonomics standards for the safety of machinery. EN 614-1 (2 in the Bibliography) describes the principles designers should adopt in order to take account of ergonomic factors. This part of ISO 15534 describes how these principles should be applied to the
18、design of access openings. This part of ISO 15534 is based on EN 547-2:1996 that was prepared as a harmonized standard conforming with the Machinery Directive and associated European Free Trade Association (EFTA) regulations.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15534-2:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 1 E
19、rgonomic design for the safety of machinery Part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings 1 Scope This part of ISO 15534 specifies the dimensions of openings for access into machinery as defined in ISO/TR 12100-1. It provides the dimensions to which the values given
20、in ISO 15534-3 are applicable. Values for additional space requirements are given in annex A. This part of ISO 15534 has been prepared primarily for non- mobile machinery; there may be additional specific requirements for mobile machinery. Dimensions for access openings are based on the values for t
21、he 95th percentile, whereas reach distances are based on the values for the 5th percentile, in each case the least favourable body dimension of the expected user population being used as a basis. The same considerations apply to the location of access openings. The anthropometric data given in ISO 1
22、5534-3 originate from static measurements of nude persons and do not take into account body movements, clothing, equipment, machinery-operating conditions or environmental conditions. This part of ISO 15534 shows how to combine the anthropometric data with suitable allowances to take these factors i
23、nto account. Situations where people are to be prevented from reaching a hazard are dealt with in ISO 13852. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 15534. For dated references, subse
24、quent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 15534 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the late
25、st edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/TR 12100-1:1992, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. (EN 292-1:1991) ISO 13852:199
26、6, Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. (EN 294:1992) ISO 15534-3:2000, Ergonomic design for the safety of machinery Part 3: Anthropometric data.ISO 15534-2:2000(E) 2 ISO 2000 All rights reserved 3 General requirements Operations requiring re
27、ach through minimum-access openings are likely to be less efficient, less safe and less healthy than working with unrestricted access. Therefore, before installing access openings other options should be considered, e.g. possibility to open machinery, withdrawal of parts for repair. This is particul
28、arly important where the task demands frequent access. When access openings cannot be avoided, the following criteria are of particular significance: a) ease of access is influenced by the demands of the task, e.g. posture, nature and speed of movement, lines of sight, application of force, the loca
29、tion of the access opening relative to the position of the person, e.g. convenient height above floor, within easy reach, sufficient space outside to allow adoption of a comfortable posture, sufficient space inside to allow performance of the task, frequency and duration of task, whether tools are b
30、eing carried, e.g. for maintenance or repair purposes, length of access openings, e.g. through a relatively thin wall (wall of a vessel) or through a channel-type opening, whether additional equipment, such as personal protective equipment (including protective clothing), or portable lighting, is be
31、ing carried or worn, the type of clothing, e.g. light or heavy clothing, bare hands or thick gloves, bare headed or wearing a helmet; b) environmental conditions (e.g. darkness, heat, noise, moisture); c) level of risk during the task. Therefore, in addition to the anthropometric data in each case,
32、allowances shall be provided for the respective opening dimensions and reach distances, taking into account the above criteria. The applications on how to apply this part of ISO 15534 in practice are contained in annex A, concerning allowances, and in annex B, concerning the position of access openi
33、ngs. Annex C gives information on the use of symbols for dimensions and anthropometric measurements.ISO 15534-2:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 3 4 Access openings An access opening is an opening through which a person can lean forward, reach forward, or extend the upper body, (head, arm, hand,
34、 a finger or several fingers), leg or foot, to be able to carry out measures during work procedures, such as operating of control actuators, repair duties or monitoring of processes or displays. See Figures 1 to 12. This part of ISO 15534 does not specify optimum dimensions, but minimum dimensions f
35、or the size of the opening and maximum dimensions for reach. Wherever possible, the basic dimensions for the openings should be increased, and the maximum dimensions for reach should be decreased. Symbol Explanation of measurement 4.1 Access opening for the upper body and arms Figure 1 A a 1 x A = a
36、 1 (P95 1 )+x Opening diameter Elbow-to-elbow breadth Allowance 1) P95: 95th percentile of the expected user population.ISO 15534-2:2000(E) 4 ISO 2000 All rights reserved Symbol Explanation of measurement 4.2 Access opening for the head as far as the shoulders for inspection tasks Figure 2 A c 3 x T
37、his type of access should be avoided wherever possible A = c 3 (P95) + x Opening diameter Head length from tip of nose Allowance 4.3 Access opening for both arms (either forward or downward) Figure 3 A B C a 1 d 1 t 1 x y A = a 1 (P95) + x B = d 1 (P95) + y C = t 1 (P5) Opening breadth Opening width
38、 Opening depth Elbow-to-elbow breadth Upper-arm diameter Operating-arm length Breadth allowance Width allowanceISO 15534-2:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 5 Symbol Explanation of measurement 4.4 Access opening for both lower arms up to the elbow (either forward or downward) Figure 4 A B C d 2 t
39、 2 x y A =2 d 2 (P95) + x B = d 2 (P95) + y C = t 2 (P5) Opening breadth Opening width Opening depth Lower-arm diameter Forearm reach Breadth allowance Width allowanceISO 15534-2:2000(E) 6 ISO 2000 All rights reserved Symbol Explanation of measurement 4.5 Opening for access to the side for one arm u
40、p to shoulder joint Figure 5 A B d 1 t 3 x A = d 1 (P95) + x B = t 3 (P5) Opening diameter Opening depth Upper-arm diameter Arm reach to the side Allowance 4.6 Access opening for one lower armuptotheelbo w Figure 6 A B a 3 t 2 x A = a 3 (P95) + x B = t 2 (P5) Opening diameter Opening depth Hand brea
41、dth at thumb Forearm reach Allowance 4.7 Access opening for fist Figure 7 A d 3 x A = d 3 (P95) + x Opening diameter Fist diameter AllowanceISO 15534-2:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 7 Symbol Explanation of measurement 4.8 Access opening for flat hand to wrist, including thumb Figure 8 A B C a
42、 3 b 4 t 4 x y A = b 4 (P95) + x B = a 3 (P95) + y C = t 4 (P5) Opening width Opening height Opening depth Hand breadth with thumb Hand depth at thumb Hand length Width allowance Height allowance 4.9 Access opening for flat hand (four fingers) to base of thumb Figure 9 A B C a 4 b 3 t 5 x y A = b 3
43、(P95) + x B = a 4 (P95) + y C = t 5 (P5) Opening width Opening height Opening depth Hand breadth at metacarpals Hand depth at palm Hand length to thumb Width allowance Height allowanceISO 15534-2:2000(E) 8 ISO 2000 All rights reserved Symbol Explanation of measurement 4.10 Access opening for index f
44、inger, restricted by the other fingers Figure 10 A B a 5 t 6 x A = a 5 (P95) + x B = t 6 (P5) Opening diameter Opening depth Index finger breadth, proximal Index finger length Allowance 4.11 Access opening for one foot to ankle bone Figure 11 A B a 6 c 2 x y A = a 6 (P95) + x B = c 2 (P95) + y Openi
45、ng width Opening length Foot breadth Foot length Width allowance Length allowance 4.12 Access opening for forefoot- operated control actuators Figure 12 A B C h 8 a 6 c 2 x y A = a 6 (P95) + x B = h 8 (P95) + y cu 0,74 c 2 (P5) Opening width Opening height Opening length (depth) Ankle height Foot br
46、eadth Foot length Width allowance Height allowanceISO 15534-2:2000(E) ISO 2000 All rights reserved 9 Annex A (normative) Application of the measurements in practice A.1 Introduction The purpose of this annex is to explain how to apply the anthropometric measurements given in this part of ISO 15534 a
47、ccording to ergonomic and safety and health principles. This part of ISO 15534 describes minimum dimensions for access openings based on anthropometric measurements, i.e. static measurements of nude persons. The opening dimensions, including allowances, in this part of ISO 15534 do not always take i
48、nto consideration, for example: aspects of health and safety arising from contact with the access opening itself; whether the body positions and movements that must be used in the access opening mean any risk to the users safety and health, e.g. in relation to how often or how long the person has to
49、 use the access opening; whether the person has to adopt a certain body position in order to meet the force demands of the task without becoming overloaded; the space required for transportation of equipment and tools through the access opening; the space required for using equipment and tools in the access opening in a proper ergonomic way, e.g. cleaning, repair and maintenance work; personal protective equipment the user might wear when reaching through the access opening;
