1、 Reference number ISO 16933:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16933 First edition 2007-07-01 Glass in building Explosion-resistant security glazing Test and classification for arena air-blast loading Verre dans la construction Vitrages de scurit rsistant une explosion Essai et classificatio
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5、 Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2007 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in
6、 writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 1
7、6933:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Hazard rating . 3 5 Test specimens . 3 6 Facilities and equipment preparation. 4 7 Test procedure 7 8 Classification criteria 9 9 Test report . 1
8、2 10 Precision and bias 13 Annex A (normative) Blast parameters and derivation 14 Annex B (informative) Characteristics of blast shock waves and explosives. 16 Annex C (informative) Nominal charge size and standoff distances 19 Annex D (informative) Fragment definitions and criteria comparisons . 21
9、 Bibliography . 22 ISO 16933:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technica
10、l committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely wit
11、h the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft Inter
12、national Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may
13、 be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16933 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 160, Glass in building, Subcommittee SC 2, Use considerations. ISO 16933:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Introduction This In
14、ternational Standard provides a method for carrying out arena blast tests in order to assess and classify the response of glazing to the overpressure and impulse characteristics of high-explosive blasts. This International Standard provides criteria for rating the level of damage to the glazing and
15、the hazard consequences to the area located behind the glazing. The increasing use of glazing designed to protect persons and property from accidental explosions, and from the effects of terrorist attacks with high explosives, has prompted the preparation of this International Standard. Structural r
16、esponse to blast loading is dependent upon specimen size and edge constraint as well as material composition and thickness. The classifications and test results derived by using this International Standard can be used in conjunction with calculation procedures and further validation tests on framed
17、glass during the process of designing complete glazing systems against explosive threats. The following annexes are included in this International Standard: Annex A (normative) Blast parameters and derivation Annex B (informative) Characteristics of blast shock waves and explosives Annex C (informat
18、ive) Nominal charge size and standoff distances Annex D (informative) Fragment dimensions and criteria comparisons INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16933:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Glass in building Explosion-resistant security glazing Test and classification for arena air-blast loading 1 Scop
19、e This International Standard provides a structured procedure to determine the air-blast resistance of glazing and sets forth the required apparatus, procedures, specimens, other requirements and guidelines for conducting arena air-blast tests of security glazing. Seven standard blasts simulating ve
20、hicle bombs and seven standard blasts simulating smaller satchel bombs that can be used to classify glazing performance are incorporated in this International Standard and cover a broad range of blast parameters. Security glazing, including that fabricated from glass, plastic glazing sheet material,
21、 glass-clad plastics, laminated glass, insulated glass, glass/plastic glazing materials and film-backed glass, can be tested and classified in a standard frame or tested but not classified in frames provided with the glazing. Classification and ratings are assigned based on the performance of glazin
22、g loaded by air-blast pressures and impulses, and are specific to the blast characteristics under which the test takes place. Glazing that has received an air-blast classification and rating is suitable for use in blast-resistant applications only for blasts of comparable characteristics and only if
23、 installed in a properly designed frame. Design based on knowledge of the air-blast resistance reduces the risk of personal injury. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
24、For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 48:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms
25、and definitions apply. 3.1 air-blast pressure history description of the pressure of a reflected or free-field air blast, as measured at a point on the surface and consisting of two separate phases: positive phase, which is characterized by a nearly instantaneous rise to a maximum pressure followed
26、by an exponential decay to ambient pressure; negative phase, immediately following the positive phase, during which the pressure decreases below ambient for a period of time before returning to ambient 3.2 ambient temperature temperature at which the test is conducted ISO 16933:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 Al
27、l rights reserved3.3 blast mat steel or concrete pad upon or above which a high explosive may be detonated to reduce the incidence of ejecta 3.4 breach any perforation or opening through the test specimen or between the test specimen and the support frame, evident after the test, through which a 10
28、mm diameter rigid bar can be gently passed without force NOTE An opening may be caused by the glazing sheet infill pulling away from the rebate sufficiently to result in a visible gap that exposes the edge of the sheet. 3.5 cartridge paper thick white paper for pencil and ink drawings, typically abo
29、ut 130 g/m 23.6 free-field air-blast pressure blast pressure acting at any given point in the free field, where there is no structure or other object disturbing the blast wave propagation NOTE Also referred to as incident pressure, being the pressure measured on surfaces incidental to or parallel wi
30、th the direction of travel of the blast front. 3.7 fragment any particle with a united dimension of 25 mm (1 in) or greater NOTE The united dimension of a glass particle is determined by adding its width, length and thickness. Glazing dust, slivers and all other smaller particles are not accounted a
31、s fragments. 3.8 glazing glass or plastics glazing sheet material, including glass/plastic combinations 3.9 indents any detectable deformation of the foil or cartridge paper surface of the witness panel caused by impact of any material as a result of the blast 3.10 peak-positive air-blast pressure m
32、aximum measured positive phase air-blast pressure NOTE If the measured pressure-time trace has sharp irregularities, the trace should be smoothed to produce a pressure-time trace that closely matches the mean path of the recorded trace. The peak pressure, P max , of relevance is the resulting smooth
33、ed value. 3.11 perforations any holes in the foil, cartridge paper or plain surface of the witness panel caused by impact of any material as a result of the blast 3.12 positive phase impulse integral of the measured positive phase air-blast pressure history 3.13 reaction structure all elements of th
34、e structure designed to support the test frame or alternative means for holding the glazing to be tested ISO 16933:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 3.14 reflected air-blast pressure pressure increase that a surface, oriented other than parallel to the line from the detonation point to the surf
35、ace, experiences due to the detonation of a high-explosive charge 3.15 standoff distance perpendicular distance from the plane of the front surface of the glazing to the centre of the explosive charge or from the centre of the glazing if not perpendicular to the explosive 3.16 test frame reaction st
36、ructure, to which are fastened all elements that are used to directly support the glazing during classification of the glazing 3.17 witness panel panel of deformable material positioned behind the test specimen in order to register the incidence of material forcibly detached from the test specimen d
37、uring test NOTE The composition and location of the witness panel is described in 6.6. 4 Hazard rating A hazard rating is applied to glazing based on its performance under the blast conditions chosen for the test. The rating is specific only to those blast conditions. 5 Test specimens 5.1 Number of
38、test specimens For the purpose of classifying glazing a minimum of three test specimens, each (1 100 5 mm) mm (900 5) mm shall be tested at a given level of air blast, defined in terms of peak positive air-blast pressure and positive phase impulse. One additional specimen shall be provided for pre-t
39、est measurements. Glazing of other sizes may be tested if the manufacturer supplies framed glazing or frame specifications. As such non-standard glazing assemblies may only be tested but not classified in accordance with this standard, the number of test specimens will be as agreed prior to test. 5.
40、2 Multiple specimens The air-blast resistance capacity of glazing does not imply that a particular specimen resists the specific air blast for which it is rated with a probability of 1,0. However, the probability that a single glazing or glazing system will resist the specific air blast at the parti
41、cular level for which it is rated increases proportionally with the number of test specimens that successfully resist that air blast at that level. The protection afforded against a blast by a single item of glazing depends not only upon the glazing but also upon the manner in which it is attached t
42、o the structure in which it is mounted. 5.3 Handling and storage The test specimens shall be handled and stored in compliance with the manufacturers instructions. 5.4 Marking Each specimen shall be marked with the manufacturers model and serial numbers and the date of manufacture. The attack side is
43、 intended to be oriented towards the explosive charge and shall be marked by ISO 16933:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reservedthe manufacturer to assure proper installation in the test frame. A number shall be assigned to each test specimen and shall be marked accordingly. 5.5 Measurements Thickness
44、measurements of the glazing material shall be made at each corner, 25 mm from each edge, and recorded. If the specimens are supplied already mounted in a frame, one of the specimens shall be selected at random and inspected for details. Measurements shall include the edge dimensions of the frame and
45、 the glazing material, the cross-sectional dimensions of the frame and thickness measurements of the glazing material. The frame and glazing materials shall be verified to comply with the manufacturers specifications. Measurements and records shall be made of the bolts, screws or other devices used
46、for fixing the test frame or other glazing support system to the reaction structure. 5.6 Photography Prior to the test, a photographic record that adequately portrays the test specimens, the test frame and the test configuration shall be made. This photographic record shall consist of still photogra
47、phs and may include motion pictures or video. 6 Facilities and equipment preparation 6.1 Test facility The test facility shall consist of an open-air arena located on clear and level terrain. The test facility shall be situated, and of sufficient size, to safely accommodate detonation of the amount
48、of explosive required to provide the desired peak positive air-blast pressure and positive phase impulse. Potential environmental impact issues shall be analyzed and resolved prior to testing. Unless otherwise specified, testing shall be conducted at ambient temperature as defined in 3.2 and Clause
49、8. 6.2 High-explosive charge A high-explosive charge shall be used to generate the desired peak positive air-blast pressure and positive phase impulse on the test specimens. The explosive composition, shape, mass, height and location shall be adjusted to meet these required parameters within the tolerances allowed. 6.3 Blast mat If there is a possibility of crater ejecta interfering with the test, the high-explosive charge shall be placed on a blast mat. The decision to use a blast mat, its size and thickness sha
