1、 ISO 2013 Packaging and the environment General requirements for the use of ISO standards in the field of packaging and the environment Emballage et environnement Exigences gnrales pour lemploi des normes ISO dans le domaine de lemballage et lenvironnement INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18601 First edit
2、ion 2013-01-15 Reference number ISO 18601:2013(E) ISO 18601:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, i
3、ncluding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Pub
4、lished in Switzerland ISO 18601:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Rationale and methodology General Principles . 4 4.1 Purpose 4 4.2 General approach 5 4.3 Levels of application . 5 4.4
5、 Assessment of environmental impact of the four heavy metals and other substances hazardous to the environment in packaging . 6 5 Requirements 6 5.1 Selection of appropriate assessment procedures . 6 5.2 Heavy metals and other substances hazardous to the environment . 6 5.3 Documentation of assessme
6、nt data 6 Annex A (informative) Partial list of the functions packaging may perform 7 Annex B (informative) An example of a form for suppliers to use for indicating that the requirements of these standards have been met . 8 Bibliography 9 ISO 18601:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organizatio
7、n for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
8、 the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Inter
9、national Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publicat
10、ion as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent righ
11、ts. ISO 18601 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 4, Packaging and environment.iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO 18601:2013(E) Introduction Packaging plays a critical role in almost every industry, every sector and every supply chain. Appropriate packaging is
12、 essential to prevent loss of goods and, as a result, decrease impact on the environment. Effective packaging makes a positive contribution towards achieving a sustainable society by, (e.g.): a) meeting consumers needs and expectation for the protection of goods, safety, handling and information; b)
13、 efficiently using resources and limiting environmental impact; c) saving costs in the distribution and merchandising of goods. An environmental assessment of packaging may include the manufacturing and distribution system, the wastage of packaging material and goods, the relevant collection systems
14、, as well as recovery or disposal operations. This group of ISO standards and supporting reports provides a set of procedures which aim to: d) reduce environmental impact; e) support innovation in products, packaging and the supply chain; f) avoid undue restrictions on the use of packaging; g) preve
15、nt barriers and restrictions to trade. Packaging is designed to provide a number of functions for users and producers such as: containment, protection, information, convenience, unitization, handling, delivery or presentation of goods. A major role of packaging is prevention of damage to or loss of
16、goods. (See Annex A for a list of the functions of packaging.) ISO 18601 defines the interrelationships within the family of ISO standards which cover the environmental impact of packaging throughout its life cycle (see Figure 1). These standards will help define whether the selected packaging can b
17、e optimized and whether the packaging needs to be modified to ensure it can be reused or recovered after use. Demonstration that the requirements of these standards are met can be performed by a first party (manufacturer or supplier), a second party (user or purchaser), or by the support of a third
18、party (independent body). Public claims on the environmental attributes of packaging may be addressed by different methods. Some of these are technical aspects on reuse or recovery, others relate to access by the population to reuse or recovery systems or the amount of packaging placed on the market
19、 for recovery. This series of standards addresses the technical aspects of the packaging. It does not address the requirements of ISO 14021 needed to support a claim or label. This International Standard does not use the term “and/or” but, instead, the term “or” is used as an inclusive disjunction,
20、meaning one or the other or both. ISO 2013 All rights reserved v ISO 18601:2013(E) OPTIMIZE ISO 18601 Packaging and the environment - General requirements for the use of ISO standards in the ield of packaging and the environment ISO 18602 Packaging and the environment - Optimization of the packaging
21、 system Annex C Assessment and minimization of substances or mixtures hazardous to the environment Decision End of functional life Recovery RECOVERY ISO 18604 Packaging and the environment - Material recycling ISO 18605 Packaging and the environment - Energy recovery ISO 18606 Packaging and the envi
22、ronment - Organic recycling REUSE ISO 18603 Packaging and the environment - Reuse Reuse Figure 1 Relationship of the Packaging and environment standardsvi ISO 2013 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 18601:2013(E) Packaging and the environment General requirements for the use of ISO stan
23、dards in the field of packaging and the environment 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements and procedures for the other International Standards in this series on packaging and the environment: ISO 18602, ISO 18603, ISO 18604, ISO 18605, and ISO 18606. This International Standard
24、is applicable to a supplier responsible for placing packaging or packaged goods on the market. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited appl
25、ies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 18602, Packaging and the environment Optimization of the packaging system ISO 18603, Packaging and the environment Reuse ISO 18604, Packaging and the environment Material recycling ISO
26、18605, Packaging and the environment Energy recovery ISO 18606, Packaging and the environment Organic recycling ISO 21067, Packaging Vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21067 and the following apply. 3.1 chemical recovery proce
27、ss to recover valuable chemical substances by chemical treatment of used packaging by hydrolysis, glycolysis, methanolysis, catalytic reaction, thermal reaction, and other chemical processes - process to substitute used packaging for natural resources Note 1 to entry: See ISO/TR 16218 1) . 3.2 combu
28、stion incineration oxidation reaction covering both organic materials and metals Note 1 to entry: Modern incineration plants are able to generate and recover energy efficiently. The term “incineration” in normal usage means the process of reducing solid waste volume by combustion with or without ene
29、rgy recovery. For the purpose of this International Standard, they refer only to the incineration process with energy recovery. SOURCE: ISO 18605:2012, definition 3.9 1) To be published. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1 ISO 18601:2013(E) 3.3 composting aerobic process designed to produce compost SOURC
30、E: ISO 18606:2012, definition 3.2 3.4 energy recovery production of useful energy through direct and controlled combustion Note 1 to entry: S o l i d - w a s t e i n c i n e r a t o r s p r o d u c i n g h o t w a t e r , s t e a m o r e l e c t r i c i ty a r e a c o m m o n f o r m o f energy reco
31、very. SOURCE: ISO 15270:2008, definition 3.11 3.5 material recycling reprocessing, by means of a manufacturing process, of a used packaging material into a product, a component incorporated into a product, or a secondary (recycled) raw material, excluding energy recovery and the use of the product a
32、s a fuel Note 1 to entry: References to recycling in this document refer to material recycling. Other options for recycling or recovery are not considered in this document. SOURCE: ISO 18604:2012, definition 3.3 3.6 organic recycling through microbial activity, the controlled biological treatment of
33、 the biodegradable components of used packaging which produce compost and, in the case of anaerobic digestion, also methane Note 1 to entry: Landfilling is not considered as organic recycling. SOURCE: ISO 18606:2012, definition 3.9 3.7 packagingany product to be used for the containment, protection,
34、 handling, delivery, storage, transport and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or consumer, including processor, assembler or other intermediary SOURCE: ISO 21067:2007, definition 2.1.1 3.8 packagingoperations involved in the preparation of go
35、ods for containment, protection, handling, delivery, storage, transport and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or consumer Note 1 to entry: The term includes preservation, packing, marking and unitization. SOURCE: ISO 21067:2007, definition 2.
36、1.2 3.9 pack, noun package, noun packaging (3.7) and its contents SOURCE: ISO 21067:2007, definition 2.1.32 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO 18601:2013(E) 3.10 pack package create a package (3.9) SOURCE: ISO 21067:2007, definition 2.1.4 3.11 packaging component part of packaging that can be separate
37、d by hand or by using simple physical means 3.12 packaging constituent part from which packaging or its components are made and which cannot be separated by hand or by using simple physical means 3.13 packaging optimization p r o c e s s f o r t h e a c h i e v e m e n t o f a m i n i m u m a d e q
38、u a t e w e i g h t o r v o l u m e ( s o u r c e r e d u c t i o n ) f o r m e e t i n g t h e n e c e s s a r y r e q u i r e m e n t s o f p r i m a r y o r s e c o n d a r y o r t r a n s p o r t p a c k a g i n g , w h e n p e r f o r m a n c e a n d user/consumer a c c e p t a bi l i t y r e m
39、 a i n u nc h a n g e d or a de q u a t e , t he r e b y r e duc i n g t he i mp a c t on t he e nv i r on me n t SOURCE: ISO 18602:2012, definition 3.1 3.14 packaging system complete set of packaging for a packaged good, encompassing one or more of the following that are applicable (depending on th
40、e packaged goods): Primary packaging, Secondary packaging, Tertiary (distribution or transport) packaging SOURCE: ISO 18602:2012, definition 3.6 3.15 packaging waste packaging that has been used by the final consumer or end user and which is discarded for final disposal and is not intended for reuse
41、 or recovery 3.16 primary packaging packaging (3.8) designed to come into direct contact with the product SOURCE: ISO 21067:2007, definition 2.2.2 3.17 recyclable characteristic of a product, packaging or associated component that can be diverted from the waste stream through available processes and
42、 programs and can be collected, processed and returned to use in the form of raw materials or products SOURCE: ISO 14021:1999, usage of term 7.7.1 3.18 recycling process physical or chemical process which converts collected and sorted used packaging, together in some instances with other material, i
43、nto secondary (recycled) raw materials, products or substances, excluding energy recovery and the use of the product as fuel SOURCE: ISO 18604:2012, definition 3.5 ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3 ISO 18601:2013(E) 3.19 reuse operation by which packaging is refilled or used for the same purpose for wh
44、ich it was conceived, with or without the support of auxiliary products present on the market enabling the packaging to be refilled Note 1 to entry: Non-reusable items that support packaging reuse, such as labels or closures, are considered to be part of that packaging. SOURCE: ISO 18603:2012, defin
45、ition 3.1 3.20 secondary packaging (group packaging) packaging (3.8) designed to contain one or more primary packaging together with any protective materials where required SOURCE: ISO 21067:2007, definition 2.2.3 3.21 substances hazardous to the environment any substances classified as presenting a
46、n environmental hazard according to the UN Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals and its amendments (GHS), 3rd revised edition, Part 4, whilst meeting the criteria of labeling with the environmental hazard pictogram Note 1 to entry: This is a general classification
47、of substances hazardous to the environment and cannot be taken as specifically relating to substances used in packaging. SOURCE: ISO 18602:2012, definition 3.12 3.22 supplier entity responsible for placing packaging or packaged goods on the market Note 1 to entry: The term “supplier” in normal usage
48、 can relate to various points in a supply chain. For the purpose of this document it relates to any point in the supply chain where a transaction relating to packaging or packaged goods takes place. 3.23 tertiary packaging distribution packaging transport packaging packaging (3.8) designed to contai
49、n one or more articles or packages, or bulk material, for the purposes of transport, handling and/or distribution Adapted from ISO 21067:2007, definition 2.2.4 3.24 used packaging packaging that has been used by the f inal consumer or end user and which is destined for reuse or recover y 4 Rationale and methodology General Principles 4.1 Purpose This umbrella standard explains which standards are needed to demonstrate that the packaging has been optimized in terms of source reduction, is ca
