1、 ISO 2016 Industrial automation systems and integration Standardized procedures for production systems engineering Part 2: Reference process for seamless production planning Systmes dautomatisation industrielle et intgration Procdures normalises pour lingnierie des systmes de production Partie 2: Pr
2、ocessus de rfrence pour la planification de la production sans couture INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18828-2 First edition 2016-10-15 Reference number ISO 18828-2:2016(E) ISO 18828-2:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserv
3、ed. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
4、at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO 18828-2:2016(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative
5、 references 1 3 T erms, definitions and abbr e viat ed t erms 2 3.1 Terms and definitions . 2 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3 4 Reference model for production planning process 3 4.1 Summary of the process A0 (level 1) . 5 4.2 Summary of the process A2 (level 2) . 6 4.2.1 Summary of the process A2.1 (level
6、 3) . 8 4.2.2 Summary of the process A2.2 (level 3) 12 4.2.3 Summary of the process A2.3 (level 3) 16 4.2.4 Summary of the process A2.4 (level 3) 19 4.3 Associated planning functions22 Annex A (informative) Summary of the associated planning functions .23 Annex B (informative) Production planning di
7、sciplines 26 Annex C (informative) Object-Pr oc ess Diagr am 29 Bibliogr aph y .31 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO 18828-2:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
8、 of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmen
9、tal, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the
10、 ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possi
11、bility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
12、 patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessment, as well a
13、s information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration, Subcom
14、mittee SC 4, Industrial data. A list of all parts in the ISO 18828 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 18828-2:2016(E) Introduction This document describes a reference planning process which aims to establish a consistent understanding of production planning pr
15、ocesses in the lifecycle stage of production preparation addressing the phase in between design and manufacturing (see Figure 1). The primary application domain of the reference planning process is planning of production systems, e.g. “make-to-stock” or “assemble-to-order” production. Investigations
16、 in the area of manufacturing lucidly show an increased utilization of digital planning tools to master product and process complexity and respond to continuous cost and time pressure. Production planning today uses many different IT-tools. These tools are mostly standalone solutions that are highly
17、 oriented towards specific use cases. The isolation of the IT-tools hinders sustainable system consistency. The heterogeneity and incompatibility of the IT systems hampers interdisciplinary planning across multiple phases. A lack of clear structures for each phase leads, for example, to inefficient
18、planning and redundant processes, multiple work, transformation failures, and incomplete information. The comparison of planning results, as well as information transfer between different planning disciplines, is difficult. Despite this abundance of IT tools, as well as an overflow of various proces
19、s descriptions on all kind of specialized production domains in literature, a lack of common standards is presently observable. NOTE 1 For further reading, see Bibliography. The reference planning process introduced within this document is illustrated in Figure 1. It is embedded between the product
20、design process and the production process. This illustration depicts the sequential phases of the product life cycle, beginning with the concept phase, followed by the evaluation of the product design until the start of manufacturing. It stresses the major importance of a reference process for produ
21、ction planning as a link between product design and production itself. A detailed visualization of the planning processes is given in Annex B. F i g u r e 1 C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f t h e r e f e r e n c e p l a n n i n g p r o c e s s ( q u a l i t a t i v e d e p i c t i o n ) To achieve th
22、e goal of a consistent planning and harmonization of the multiple processes, the development of a reference process for production planning is envisioned. Planning processes within the manufacturing phase will be analysed and merged to optimize the efficiency and transparency of each process activit
23、y. Thereby organizational, technological/technical and conceptual barriers are identified and with appropriate measures minimized or totally eliminated. ISO 2016 All rights reserved v ISO 18828-2:2016(E) In order to integrate IT systems across the multiple phases of product development, the processe
24、s used in production planning need to be formalized and standardized. For user specific applicability, the description of the model will be realized by the use of different levels of detail. The reference planning process, as shown in Figure 1, comprises the totality of processes within the producti
25、on planning. Figure 2 depicts the reference planning process viewed as an embedded process taking input information from earlier phases of the product life cycle (e.g. as provided in ISO 10303-242) and releasing information such as work schedules to follow-up processes (e.g. as described in ISO 1030
26、3-238). A general overview and a detailed explanation of all processes within the reference planning process is given in Clause 4. Figure 2 Integration scenario of the reference planning process considering ISO 10303 Application Activity Modules (AAM) NOTE 2 For further demarcation and possible inte
27、gration to other standards considering industrial data, e.g. product data (see ISO 10303-1), component data (see ISO 13584-1), production data (see ISO 15531-1) and life- cycle data (see ISO 15926-1), see Bibliography.vi ISO 2016 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 18828-2:2016(E) Indust
28、rial automation systems and integration Standardized procedures for production systems engineering Part 2: Reference process for seamless production planning 1 Scope This document describes a reference planning process for seamless production planning. NOTE In this context, “seamless” means the cons
29、ideration of multiple planning aspects (relevant planning disciplines) within the product life cycle, as illustrated in Figure 1 and Figure B.1. The scope of the discussed reference process focusses on the planning of production systems such as make-to-stock or assemble-to-order production. The anal
30、ysis of the process activities has been limited to those within the production planning. The following aspects are within the scope of this document: general overview of the reference planning process; basic principles of the process model; description of each level identified within the reference p
31、lanning process for production planning; structure of activities and relations within each planning discipline; dependencies of interdisciplinary activities. The following items are outside the scope of this document: material requirement planning/manufacturing resource planning; production order co
32、ntrol; production process; early stage product design; order management, inventory management, purchasing, transportation, warehousing; production facilities planning/manufacturing facilities planning (physical plant and equipment), including any kind of resource that is not directly related to the
33、manufacturing process; value chain (inbound logistics, operations management, outbound logistics, marketing and sales); resource visualization; process simulation. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this document. ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1 ISO 18828-2:2016(E) 3 T erms,
34、d efinitions and abbr e viat ed t erms 3.1 T erms and definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15531-1 and the following apply. 3.1.1 container concept explicit choice of a transport container, such as blister packs, lattice boxes or small parts containe
35、rs 3.1.2 delivery concept strategy adopted to supply individual parts, modules or finished products to the assembly and manufacturing resources 3.1.3 product thing or substance produced by a natural or artificial process SOURCE: ISO 10303-1:1994, 3.2.26 3.1.4 production process management planning p
36、rocess during the production phase Note 1 to entry: After the start of production, the production process management is involved if process or product changes (requests) occur which lead to a new planning iteration. It does not include the operation planning, planning of materials and resources or t
37、he planning and control of production. 3.1.5 operating resources movable and immovable resources that contribute to production 3.1.6 planning scenario combination of certain planning variants from all planning disciplines 3.1.7 process chain sequence of process activities 3.1.8 product design proces
38、s process of design of a product from the idea for a product through to the last engineering bill of materials (EBOM) 3.1.9 product structure structure providing a functional classification of all items, parts, components, sub-assemblies and assemblies of a product Note 1 to entry: The hierarchical
39、“as-designed” product structure which is defined during product design allows the creation of an engineering bill of materials (EBOM). 3.1.10 reference planning process process from the initial product definition to delivery of the last work plan in series planning Note 1 to entry: The reference pla
40、nning process does not include production control. Note 2 to entry: The initial product definition usually corresponds to the end of the concept phase.2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO 18828-2:2016(E) 3.1.11 work system system used to fulfil a work task and described by the seven system terms (work
41、 task, work progress, human, resource and equipment, input, output, environmental influences) 3.2 A bbr e viat ed t erms assy assembly BOM bill of materials EBOM engineering bill of materials (BOM from the design perspective) EOP end of production ext extended MBOM manufacturing bill of materials (B
42、OM from the production perspective) mfg manufacturing PLC product life cycle SADT structured analysis and design technique SOP start of production 4 Reference model for production planning process To provide information for different user groups and use cases, the reference process model for product
43、ion planning is based on a multi-level structure. The process is detailed by progressive stages in a top down approach. The degree of abstraction decreases by drilling down the levels. The number of available levels depends on the processes and the connected sub processes. Here, the main processes a
44、re broken down into several sublevels. To reach an appropriate degree of abstraction, especially for the main planning functions, five levels are defined. These levels are illustrated in Figure 3. The notation of the elements within the process represents their respective model level in order to rea
45、ch a better orientation while going through the description of each process. Except for the root process A0 at model level 0, each process refers to the model level according to the number of numeric digits in the notation (e.g. the process A2.2.1 contains three numeric digits and belongs to the mod
46、el level 3). NOTE 1 Syntax and semantics are used according to the functional modelling language ANSI/IEEE 1320.1. NOTE 2 A functional model describes the functions (e.g. activities, actions, processes, operations) of a system (e.g. product design, production planning, production) and their relation
47、ships. The functional model represents what is done rather than how it is done. The content of the model represents all possible functions of a system. For company specific implementation not every function needs to be applied. Functional models such as activity models are frequently used in normati
48、ve context (see Bibliography). ISO 2016 All rights reserved 3 ISO 18828-2:2016(E) Figure 3 Structure of the reference planning process model The consideration and control of the complexity are essential for the development of the reference planning process. The modelling makes use of combining recur
49、rent functions and constraints into aggregated modules. As a result, clear structured planning processes consisting of input and output data, control mechanism and methodical support have been modelled. Thereby both, functions at the interface of the reference planning process and consolidations within the planning disciplines are combined at the root level. This aggregation leads to a significant increase of clarity of description and enables a prioritized view for the user at the given core discip
