1、 ISO 2012 Round steel short link chains for general lifting purposes Medium tolerance sling chains for chain slings Grade 8 Chanes de levage gnral en acier, de section ronde, maillons courts Chanes de tolrance moyenne pour lingues Classe 8 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3076 Third edition 2012-06-15 Ref
2、erence number ISO 3076:2012(E) ISO 3076:2012(E) ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopyi
3、ng and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerla
4、nd ISO 3076:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 General conditions of acceptance 1 5 Dimensions . 1 5.1 Nominal size, d n1 5.2 Material diameter and tolerance 3 5.3 Weld diameter . 4 5.4 Length dimensi
5、onally affected by welding . 4 5.5 Pitch 4 5.6 Width . 4 6 Material and manufacture . 4 6.1 Quality of material . 4 6.2 Heat treatment 5 6.3 Working load limits (WLLs) 5 6.4 Mechanical properties 6 7 V erification of safety requirements 10 7.1 Size of lot and selection of samples 10 7.2 Manufacturin
6、g proof force, breaking force and total ultimate elongation .10 7.3 Bend deflection 10 7.4 Toughness of chain test material 11 8 Marking .12 8.1 Grade marking 12 8.2 Identification marking 12 8.3 Inspection marking .12 9 Manufacturer s certificate .12 Annex A (informative) Bases for calculation .13
7、Annex B (informative) Mass of sling chains 16 Annex C (informative) Designation system .17 Bibliography .18 ISO 3076:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internation
8、al Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO,
9、 also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical comm
10、ittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the p
11、ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3076 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 111, Round steel link chains, chain slings, components and accessories, Subc
12、ommittee SC 1, Chains and chain slings. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3076:1984), which has been technically revised. iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3076:2012(E) Round steel short link chains for general lifting purposes Medium tolerance
13、sling chains for chain slings Grade 8 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the requirements for medium tolerance sling chains of grade 8 for use in chain slings and for general lifting purposes. They are round steel short link chains (3 d n ), electrically welded, heat treated and tested; t
14、hey comply with the general conditions of acceptance of ISO 1834. NOTE 1 Butt welding and flash butt welding are listed in ISO 4063. The range of nominal sizes covered by this International Standard is from 4 mm to 45 mm. They are for use in the temperature range 40 C to +400 C. NOTE 2 Concerning th
15、e use and maintenance of chain slings of grade 8, see ISO 3056. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documen
16、t (including any amendments) applies. ISO 148-1, Metallic materials Charpy pendulum impact test Part 1: Test method ISO 643, Steels Micrographic determination of the apparent grain size ISO 1035-1, Hot-rolled steel bars Part 1: Dimensions of round bars ISO 1834, Short link chain for lifting purposes
17、 General conditions of acceptance ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system ISO 14556, Steel Charpy V-notch pendulum impact test Instrumented test method ISO
18、16124, Steel wire rod Dimensions and tolerances 3 T erms and definitio ns For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1834 apply. 4 General conditions of acceptance The sling chains shall comply with the requirements of ISO 1834 as well as those of this International St
19、andard. 5 Dimensions 5.1 Nominal size, d nThe nominal size, d n , of the sling chain shall be one of the nominal sizes listed in Table 1, column 1, corresponding to the nominal diameter of the steel wire in accordance with ISO 16124 or bar in accordance with ISO 1035-1 from which the sling chain is
20、made. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO 3076:2012(E) Other nominal sizes may be used, provided the dimensions and tolerances are calculated in accordance with Annex A. NOTE Intermediate nominal chain sizes increase the potential of mismatch with mating components. Manufacturers of sling chain and c
21、omponent assemblies are expected to ensure that the sling chain and components are compatible. Table 1 Dimensions Dimensions in millimetres 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nominal size Diameter tolerance Pitch Width Weld diameter Internal External Internal Tolerance Type 2 Types 1 and 2 Type 1 Types 1 and 2 Type
22、2 d n p n w 1 w 3 w 4 d w G min. max. min. max. max. 4 +0,08/0,24 12 0,4 5,0 14,8 5,2 4,4 5,0 6 +0,12/0,36 18 0,5 7,5 22,2 7,8 6,6 7,5 7 +0,14/0,42 21 0,6 8,8 25,9 9,1 7,7 8,8 8 +0,16/0,48 24 0,7 10,0 29,6 10,4 8,8 10,0 10 +0,20/0,60 30 0,9 12,5 37,0 13,0 11,0 12,5 13 +0,26/0,78 39 1,2 16,3 48,1 16,
23、9 14,3 16,3 16 +0,32/0,96 48 1,4 20,0 59,2 20,8 17,6 20,0 18 0,9 54 1,6 22,5 66,6 23,4 19,8 22,5 19 0,95 57 1,7 23,8 70,3 24,7 20,9 23,8 20 1,0 60 1,8 25,0 74,0 26,0 22,0 25,0 22 1,1 66 2,0 27,5 81,4 28,6 24,2 27,5 26 1,3 78 2,3 32,5 96,2 33,8 28,6 32,5 28 1,4 84 2,5 35,0 104,0 36,4 30,8 35,0 32 1,6
24、 96 2,9 40,0 118,0 41,6 35,2 40,0 36 1,8 108 3,2 45,0 133,0 46,8 39,6 45,0 40 2,0 120 3,6 50,0 148,0 52,0 44,0 50,0 45 2,25 135 4,1 56,3 167,0 58,5 49,5 56,3 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 3076:2012(E) a) Type 1 b) Type 2 Key p pitch (internal link length) d mmeasured diameter of the material, e
25、xcept at the weld d wmeasured diameter of the material at the weld (type 1) or weld dimension perpendicular to the plane of the link (type 2) G dimension in other planes (type 2) e length affected by welding, on either side of the centre of the link w 1internal link width away from the weld (type 2)
26、 w 3external link width over the weld (types 1 and 2) w 4internal link width at the weld (type 1) Figure 1 Chain link 5.2 Material diameter and tolerance The definition of material diameter and method of measurement shall be in accordance with ISO 1834. The diameter tolerance for the nominal sizes s
27、hall be as listed in Table 1, column 2, calculated in accordance with Annex A. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO 3076:2012(E) 5.3 Weld diameter The maximum diameter at the weld (see Figure 1 and Table 1, columns 8 and 9) shall not exceed the following: type 1: the maximum diameter at the weld shall
28、 not be in excess of 10 % above the nominal size in any direction; type 2: the maximum diameter at the weld shall not be in excess of 10 % above the nominal size in any direction perpendicular to the plane of the link and 25 % in the other planes. NOTE Type 1 eliminates functional problems, such as
29、kinking or locking, by severely limiting the weld oversize to 10 % of the nominal diameter. Type 2 ensures freedom from these hazards by limiting the oversize beyond the 10 % allowed under type 1 to certain areas of the link only (see Figure 1), thus providing clearance where required. 5.4 Length di
30、mensionally affected by welding The length dimensionally affected by welding, e, shall not extend by more than 0,6 d nto either side of the centre of the link (see Figure 1). 5.5 Pitch The dimensions and tolerances for the pitch, p, shall be as given in Table 1, columns 3 and 4 and as shown in Figur
31、e 1 calculated in accordance with Annex A. 5.6 Width The dimensions for the widths, w, shall be as given in Table 1, columns 5, 6 and 7 and as shown in Figure 1 calculated in accordance with Annex A. 6 Material and manufacture 6.1 Quality of material Within the limitations given in 6.1.1 to 6.1.4, i
32、t is the responsibility of the manufacturer of the sling chain to select the type of steel to be used so that the finished sling chain, where suitably heat treated, complies with the mechanical properties specified in this International Standard and also possesses adequate low-temperature ductility
33、and toughness to provide resistance against impact loading. The low-temperature ductility and toughness shall be achieved either by complying with the alloying elements specified in 6.1.5 or by complying with the toughness-testing requirements specified in 6.4.5. 6.1.1 Type of steel The steel used s
34、hall be produced by the electric process or by an oxygen-blown process. 6.1.2 Deoxidation The steel shall be fully killed and shall be made in conformity with a suitable deoxidation process in order to obtain an austenitic grain size of 6 or finer where tested in accordance with ISO 643. To ensure t
35、he sling chain is stabilized against strain-age embrittlement during service, the steel shall contain at least 0,025 % aluminium, but not more than 0,050 % aluminium. 6.1.3 Weldability The steel shall be of reliable weldable quality. 4 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 3076:2012(E) 6.1.4 Sulfur and p
36、hosphorus content The content of sulfur and phosphorus shall be restricted as specified in Table 2. Table 2 Sulfur and phosphorus content Element Maximum mass content as determined by cast analysis % check analysis % Sulfur 0,020 0,025 Phosphorus 0,020 0,025 Sum of sulfur and phosphorus 0,035 0,045
37、6.1.5 Alloying elements The steel shall contain alloying elements in sufficient quantities so that the finished sling chain, where heat treated in accordance with 6.2, complies with the mechanical properties specified in this International Standard but also possesses adequate low-temperature ductili
38、ty and toughness to provided resistance to impact loading. The steel shall contain nickel and at least one of the other elements in the minimum percentage shown in Table 3. Table 3 Content of alloying elements Element Minimum mass content as determined by cast analysis % Nickel 0,40 Chromium 0,40 Mo
39、lybdenum 0,15 6.1.6 Finished condition In its finished condition, as supplied to the manufacturer of the sling chain, the steel shall comply with the requirements of 6.1.1 to 6.1.4 and 6.1.5, where appropriate, as determined by check analysis on the rod, wire or finished link. 6.2 Heat treatment Sli
40、ng chains shall be hardened from a temperature above the Ac 3point and tempered before being subjected to the manufacturing proof force (MPF), F MP . The tempering temperature shall be at least + 400 C. The tempering conditions shall be at least as effective as the temperature of + 400 C maintained
41、for a period of 1 h. This requirement is the responsibility of the chain manufacturer. Where proposed for verification, samples of sling chains shall be tested after they have been re-heated to, and maintained for 1 h, at + 400 C and then cooled to room temperature. These samples shall comply with t
42、he requirements of Table 5. For sling chains with a surface finish other than natural black, samples required for verification shall be taken and re-heat treated prior to the surface finishing process. 6.3 Working load limits (WLLs) Table 4 gives values for the working load limits (WLLs), calculated
43、 on the bases given in Annex A for the appropriate nominal size. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 5 ISO 3076:2012(E) 6.4 Mechanical properties 6.4.1 Manufacturing proof force (MPF) All sling chains shall be subjected to the manufacturing proof force, F MP , specified in Table 4, column 3, calculated on
44、the bases given in Annex A for the appropriate nominal size. For other nominal sizes, the mechanical properties shall be calculated in accordance with Annex A. Ta b l e 4 Wo r k i n g load li mi t s and t e st requirement s 1 2 3 4 5 Nominal size d n Working load limit (WLL) Manufacturing proof forc
45、e (MPF) F MP Breaking force (BF) F B Bend d eflec t ion f t kN kN mm min. min. min. 4 0,5 13 20 3,2 6 1,12 28 45 4,8 7 1,5 38 62 5,6 8 2 50 80 6,4 10 3,15 79 130 8 13 5,3 130 210 10 16 8 200 320 13 18 10 250 410 14 19 11,5 280 450 15 20 12,5 310 500 16 22 15 380 610 18 26 21,2 530 850 21 28 25 620 9
46、90 22 32 31,5 800 1 300 26 36 40 1 000 1 600 29 40 50 1 300 2 000 32 45 63 1 600 2 500 36 6.4.2 Breaking force (BF) Samples of sling chains shall have a breaking force, F B , at least equal to that specified in Table 4, column 4 calculated on the basis given in Annex A for the appropriate nominal si
47、ze. 6.4.3 Total ultimate elongation, A On completion of the tensile test, the minimum total ultimate elongation, A, as defined in ISO 1834 for chain in natural black, shall be 20 %, and for other surface finishes, A shall be 17 %. 6.4.4 Bend deflection, f Samples of single chain links shall withstan
48、d the minimum value of the deflection, f, specified in Table 4, column 5, calculated on the basis given in Annex A, for the appropriate nominal size and shall be free from visible defects. 6 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 3076:2012(E) 6.4.5 Toughness The toughness of the finished chain shall be ve
49、rified by impact test method on full-size, sub-size or super-sub- size specimens. Full-size specimens shall be tested in accordance with ISO 148-1. Sub-size specimens shall be tested in accordance with ISO 14556. If the chain leg is too short to extract a full-length sub-size specimen, the sub-size specimens shall be produced according to Figure 3, by joining additional leg parts using laser welding. Super- sub-size specimens shall be tested in accordance
