1、Reference numberISO 4406:1999(E)ISO 1999INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO4406Second edition1999-12-01Hydraulic fluid power Fluids Methodfor coding the level of contamination bysolid particlesTransmissions hydrauliques Fluides Mthode de codification duniveau de pollution particulaire solideCopyright Internati
2、onal Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 4406:1999(E)PDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be prin
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7、htiso.chWeb www.iso.chPrinted in Switzerlandii ISO 1999 All rights reservedCopyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 4406:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved i
8、iiForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISOmember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technicalcommittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a te
9、chnical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of
10、electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires
11、 approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.International Standard ISO 4406 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131, Fluid power systems,Subcommittee SC 6, Contamination control and hydraulic fluids.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4406:1987),
12、 which has been technically revised. Thenew edition introduces a three-part code for contamination levels measured with automatic particle counterscalibrated in accordance with ISO 11171. It also introduces equivalent particle sizes for such counters, based oncalibration with NIST standard reference
13、 material SRM 2806.The particle sizes to be reported for measurement by using a microscope, W5 m and W15 m, are unchangedfrom those specified in ISO 4406:1987.Defining the automatic particle counter code sizes in this way validates direct comparison of measurements madein accordance with this standa
14、rd using either measurement method, or between such measurements and datarecords based on ISO 4406:1987.Annex A forms a normative part of this International Standard.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networ
15、king permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 4406:1999(E)iv ISO 1999 All rights reservedIntroductionIn hydraulic fluid power systems, power is transmitted and controlled through a liquid under pressure within anenclosed circuit. Solid-particle contaminant is always present in the hydraulic fluid,
16、 and the amount needs to bedetermined because the contaminant may cause serious problems.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4406:1
17、999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved 1Hydraulic fluid power Fluids Method for coding thelevel of contamination by solid particles1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies the code to be used in defining the quantity of solid particles in the fluid usedin a given hydraulic fluid power system.2 Norm
18、ative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of thesepublications do not apply. However, parties to agreements base
19、d on this International Standard are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Forundated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IECmaintain registers of currentl
20、y valid International Standards.ISO 4407:1991, Hydraulic fluid power Fluid contamination Determination of particulate contamination by thecounting method using a microscope.ISO 11171:1999, Hydraulic fluid power Calibration of automatic particle counters for liquids.ISO 11500:1997, Hydraulic fluid po
21、wer Determination of particulate contamination by automatic counting usingthe light extinction principle.3 Code definition3.1 GeneralThe purpose of this code is to simplify the reporting of particle count data by converting the numbers of particlesinto broad classes or codes, where an increase in on
22、e code is generally a doubling of the contamination level.The original code in accordance with ISO 4406:1987 stated the reporting at two sizes, W5mandW15 m, but thesizes in this revision have been changed to account for the use of a different calibration standard for opticalautomatic particle counte
23、rs. The reported sizes are W4m(c),W6 m(c) and W14 m(c), the last two of thesebeing equivalent to the 5 m and 15 m particle sizes obtained using the ISO 4402:1991 method of calibratingautomatic particle counters. ISO 4402:1991 has been replaced by ISO 11171:1999. Throughout this InternationalStandard
24、, the use of m(c) means that particle size measurements are carried out using an automatic particlecounter which has been calibrated in accordance with ISO 11171.Measurement of particles using an optical microscope as specified in ISO 4407:1991 establishes the size of aparticle as being equal to its
25、 longest dimension, whereas an automatic particle counter derives the size of anequivalent particle from its cross-sectional area, a value different in most cases from that determined using amicroscope. The particle sizes to be reported for measurement by microscope, W5m and W15 m, areunchanged from
26、 those specified in ISO 4406:1987.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 4406:1999(E)2 ISO 1999 All rights reservedCAUTION Particle counts are affected by a
27、variety of factors. These factors include procurement ofsample, particle counting accuracy, and the sample container, where used, and its cleanliness. Proper careshould be taken during sample procurement to ensure that the sample obtained is representative of thefluid circulation in the system.3.2 B
28、asis of codeThe code for contamination levels using automatic particle counters comprises three scale numbers, which permitthe differentiation of the dimension and the distribution of the particles as follows:Gbe the first scale number represents the number of particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c
29、) per millilitre of fluid;Gbe the second scale number represents the number of particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c) per millilitre of fluid;Gbe the third scale number represents the number of particles equal to or larger than 14 m(c) per millilitre of fluid.The code for microscope counting compr
30、ises two scale numbers using 5 m and 15 m.3.3 Allocation of scale numbers3.3.1 The scale numbers are allocated according to the number of particles counted per millilitre of the fluidsample (see Table 1).3.3.2 A step ratio of generally two, as given between the upper and lower limits for the number
31、of particles permillilitre in Table 1, has been adopted to keep the number of scale numbers within a reasonable limit and to ensurethat each step is meaningful.3.4 Determination of code using automatic particle counter analysis3.4.1 Counting shall be undertaken in accordance with ISO 11500 or anothe
32、r recognised method, using anautomatic particle counter calibrated to ISO 11171.3.4.2 A scale number shall be allocated to the number of particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c).3.4.3 A second scale number shall be allocated to the number of particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c).3.4.4 A third sca
33、le number shall be allocated to the number of particles equal to or larger than 14 m(c).3.4.5 The three numbers shall be written one after the other and separated by oblique strokes (slashes).EXAMPLE A code of 22/18/13 signifies that there are more than 20000 and up to and including 40000 particles
34、equal toor larger than 4 m(c), more than 1300 and up to and including 2500 particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c) and more than 40and up to and including 80 particles equal to or larger than 14 m(c) in 1 ml of a given fluid sample.3.4.6 When applicable, include either a “*“ (too numerous to count)
35、 or a “ (no requirement to count) notationwhen reporting the scale number.EXAMPLE 1 */19/14 means that this sample has too many particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c) to count.EXAMPLE 2 /19/14 means that there was no requirement to count particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c).Copyright Internati
36、onal Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 4406:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved 3Table 1 Allocation of scale numbersNumber of particles per millilitre Scale numberMore than Up
37、 to and including2500000 G3e281300000 2500000 28640000 1300000 27320000 640000 26160000 320000 2580000 160000 2440000 80000 2320000 40000 2210000 20000 215000 10000 202500 5000 191300 2500 18640 1300 17320 640 16160 320 1580 160 1440 80 1320 40 1210 20 11510102,5 5 91,3 2,5 80,64 1,3 70,32 0,64 60,1
38、6 0,32 50,08 0,16 40,04 0,08 30,02 0,04 20,01 0,02 10,00 0,01 0NOTE Reproducibility below scale number 8 is affected by the actual number of particles counted in the fluid sample.Raw counts should be more than 20 particles. If this is not possible, then refer to 3.4.7.3.4.7 When the raw data in one
39、of the size ranges results in a particle count of fewer than 20 particles, the scalenumber for that size range shall be labelled with the symbol W.EXAMPLE A code of 14/12/W7 signifies that there are more than 80 and up to and including 160 particles equal to orlarger than 4 m(c) per millilitre and m
40、ore than 20 and up to and including 40 particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c) permillilitre. The third part of the code, W7, indicates that there are more than 0,64 and up to and including 1,3 particles equal to orlarger than 14 m(c) per millilitre, but less than 20 particles were counted, which l
41、owers statistical confidence. Because of thislower confidence, the 14 m(c) part of the code could actually be higher than 7, indicating a particle count more than1,3 particles per millilitre.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for Resale
42、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 4406:1999(E)4 ISO 1999 All rights reserved3.5 Determination of code using microscope sizing3.5.1 Counting shall be undertaken in accordance with ISO 4407.3.5.2 A scale number shall be allocated to the number of particles equal
43、to or larger than 5 m.3.5.3 A second scale number shall be allocated to the number of particles equal to or larger than 15 m.3.5.4 In order to relate to counts obtained with an automatic particle counter, the code shall be stated in three-part form with the first part given as a “, e.g. /18/13.4 Ide
44、ntification statement (reference to this International Standard)Use the following statement in test reports, catalogues and sales literature when electing to comply with thisInternational Standard:“Solid contaminant code conforms to ISO 4406:1999, Hydraulic fluid power Fluids Method for coding the l
45、evelof contamination by solid particles.“Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 4406:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved 5Annex A(normative)Graphical presen
46、tation of the code numberFor automatic particle counter analysis, the contaminant code is determined by allocating a first scale number tothe total number of particles equal to or larger than 4 m(c), allocating a second scale number to the total numberof particles equal to or larger than 6 m(c) and
47、allocating a third scale number to the total number of particles equalto or larger than 14 m(c), and then writing these three numbers one after another separated by oblique strokes(slashes). For an example, see 22/18/13 in Figure A.1. For analysis by microscope, use a “ in place of the firstscale nu
48、mber and allocate the second and third numbers based on the counts at 5 m and 15 m, respectively.Interpolation is acceptable, extrapolation is not permissible.Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking pe
49、rmitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 4406:1999(E)6 ISO 1999 All rights reservedNOTE Quote scale number at 4 G6dm(c), 6 G6dm(c) and 14 G6dm(c) levels for automatic particle counters, and at 5 G6dm and15 G6dm for microscope counting.Figure A.1Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provide
