1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION MEXAYHAPOAHAR OPrAHkl3AuklR TIO CTAHAAPTMSAuklkl Information processing systems - Computer graphics - Graphical Kernel System (GKS) language bindings - Part 1 : FORTRAN Systmes de trait
2、ement de /information - Infographie - Systme graphique de base (GKS) - Interface langage - Partie 1 : FORTRAN IS0 8651-1 First edition 1988-04-15 Reference number IS0 86.51-1 : 1988 (E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
3、bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizat
4、ions, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circ
5、ulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. They are approved in accordance with IS0 procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard IS0 8651-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/
6、TC 97, Information processing systems. Users should note that all International Standards undergo revision from time to time and that any reference made herein to any other International Standard implies its latest edition, unless otherwise stated. 5 International Organization for Standardization, 1
7、988 0 Printed in Switzerland i; 78 Page Introduction 1 Scope and fleld of application 2 References . 3 The FORTRAN language binding of GKS 4 3.1 Specification 4 3.2 Mapping of GKS function names to FORTRAN subroutine names 4 3.8 Parameters . 4 3.4 The FORTRAN subset . 4 Generating FORTRAN subroutine
8、 names . 6 Data types 8 Enumeration types 12 Lists of the GKS function names . 16 3.6 Error handling . ,. 6 7.1 List ordered alphabetically by bound name . 16 7.2 List ordered alphabetically by GKS function name . 19 7.3 List ordered alphabetically by bound name within level . 24 The GKS function in
9、terface 29 8 GKS errors specific to the FORTRAN binding . 28 IS0 8651-1 : 1988 (E) Contents O 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 9 9.1 9.2 9.8 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 General principles . 29 Control functions 29 Output functions . 32 Output attributes 34 9.4.1 Workstation independent primitive attributes
10、34 9.4.2 Workstation attributes (representations) . 38 9.6.1 Normalication transformation . 40 Transformation functions 40 9.6.2 Workstation transformation 41 Segment functions . 42 9.6.2 Segment attributes . 43 Input functions 44 9.7.1 Initialisation of input devices 44 9.6.1 Segment manipulation f
11、unctions . 42 9.7.2 Setting mode of input devices . 47 9.7.8 Request input functions 49 9.7.6 Event input functions . 63 9.7.4 Sample input functions . 51 Metafile functions 66 Inquiry functions . 66 9.9.1 Inquiry function for operating state value 56 0.9.2 Inquiry functions for GKS description tabl
12、e . 57 9.9.8 Inquiry functions for GKS state list . 58 9.9.6 Inquiry functions for workstation description table . 76 9.9.6 Inquiry functions for segment state list 88 9.9.8 Inquiry function for GKS error state list 89 Utility functions 90 Utity functions not defined in GKS . 91 9.9.4 Inquiry functi
13、ons for workstation state list . 66 9.9.7 Pixel inquiries . 88 Error handling 90 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 8651-1 : 1988 (E) Information processing systems - Computer graphics - Graphical Kernel System (GKS) language bindings - Part 1 : FORTRAN O Introduction The Graphical Kernel System (GKS), the
14、functional description of which is given in Is0 7942, is specified in a language independent manner and needs to be embedded in language dependent layers (language bindings) for use with particular programming languages. The purpose of this part of IS0 8651 is to define a standard binding for the FO
15、RTRAN computer programming language. IS0 8651-1 : 1988 (E) 1 Scope and field of application IS0 7942 (GKS) specifies a language independent nucleus of a graphics system. For integration into a programming language, GKS is embedded in a language dependent layer obeying the par- ticular conventions of
16、 that language. This part of IS0 8661 specifies such a language dependent layer for the FORTRAN language. 2 2 References x. A653 PT 3-BA 4B53703 0064633 T r IS0 8651-1 : 1988 (E) IS0 7942, Information Processing - Computer graphics - Graphical Kernel System (GKS) func. tional description. IS0 1539,
17、Programming Languages - FORTRAN. 3 IS0 8651-1 : 1988 (E) 3 The FORTRAN language binding of GKS 3.1 Specification The GKS language binding interface for IS0 FORTRAN 77 (IS0 1539) shall be described as in clauses 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. 3.2 Mapping of GKS function names to FORTRAN subroutine names Th
18、e function names of GKS are all mapped to FORTRAN subroutine names which start with the letter G. The mapping is generally done in a one-to-one correspondence to IS0 7942. However, some inquiry functions are split into more than one subroutine in this binding, due to the number of parameters require
19、d. The remaining letters after the first one are obtained by deriving a unique acronym from the words of the function name; e.g., ACTIVATE becomes AC, WORKSTATION becomes WK. Hence, the FORTRAN subroutine name of GKS function ACTIVATE WORKS- TATION is GACWK. For a list of all abbreviations, see clau
20、se 4. Names used internally which may be known outside GKS, e.g., during linking, start with some easily recogniaed and docu- mented form such as GK (subroutine, function, and common block names). Therefore, no exter- nal names starting with this construct should be chosen when using GKS, in order t
21、o avoid name conflicts. Globally used GKS names may be renamed if necessary. 3.3 Parameters In general, the order of GKS function parameters is preserved. For some subroutines, however, there are additional parameters which have been inserted in the normal parameter sequence (e.g., array length for
22、arrays which are output parameters). Values of input parameters are unaltered by any GKS function, by PACK DATA RECORD, or by UNPACK DATA RECORD. In order that the application program may inquire any element of a list (member of a set), such as the set of segment names, in this binding the inquiry f
23、unctions return only a single element of a list (member of a set). In addition, the total number of elements of the list (members of the set) is always returned. The elements (members) are numbered starting from 1; each invocation of the inquiry function requires the desired element (member) number
24、as an input parameter and returns the corresponding element (member). When the list (set) is empty, a aero is returned as the number of elements (members) and the parameter representing the single element in the list is undefined. 3.4 The FORTRAN subset The binding for FORTRAN 77 Subset is different
25、 from that for full FORTRAN 77 in order to accommodate the FORTRAN 77 Subset restrictions. Those GKS subroutines in the full FORTRAN 77 binding that have arguments of type CHAR- ACTER*(*) have alternative subroutine definitions that include fixed length character strings, CHARACTER*80, for the Subse
26、t. In some caaes, an additional INTEGER parameter (the number of characters) appears in the parameter list and the Subset version is distinguished by the addition of a final S, so that the two versions can coexist in the same implementation. In other caaes the INTEGER parameter is 4 already present
27、and the FORTRAN 77 Subset version has the same name as the full FORTRAN 77 version. A full FORTRAN 77 implementation shall include both subroutines in the case when the names are distinct and only the full FORTRAN 77 version when the names are the same. The enumeration values in this binding may be
28、redefined for the Subset by replacing the PARAMETER statements with corresponding DATA statements. 3.5 Error handling There are two error routines in every GKS system, named GERLOG and GERHND. The user may replace the latter with his own subroutine using the same name, GERHND, and calling sequence.
29、Furthermore, this user-defined error routine may call the system-defined error logging procedure GERLOG. 5 IS0 8651-1 : 1988 (E) 4 Generating FORTRAN subroutine names For the binding of the GKS functions which inquire lists (sets), the word element (member) is added to the GKS function name before t
30、he subroutine name is generated from the resulting terms. The derivation of the abbreviation for the subroutine names is performed in several steps. First, plurals are reduced to their singular form, and grammatical derivations are unified. Next, some compound terms are reduced. Finally, each remain
31、ing word is replaced by the null string or by an abbreviation. Plurals ATTRIBUTES -. ATTRIBUTE NUMBERS - NUMBER DEVICES -. DEVICE PRIMITIVES - PRIMITIVE EVENTS -L EVENT PRIORITIES - PRIORITY FACILITIES -+ FACILITY SEGMENTS - SEGMENT FLAGS -t FLAG TYPES - TYPE INDICES - INDEX VALUES - VALUE NAMES -.
32、NAME WORKSTATIONS - WORKSTATION Keeping Uniqueness ACTIVE - ACTIVATE DRAWING - DRAW IDENTIFIER -, IDENTIFICATION I SPACING - SPACE Reduce Compound Terms: STATE TABLES -t TABLES SET member - member “UM LENGTH -t LENGTH Deletions ALL FACTOR LIST OF TABLES AND FROM member ON TO AVAILABLE GKSM MODIFICAT
33、ION POINT TYPE CURRENT IN MORE SIZE VALUE DATA INDICATOR NAME STATES VECTOR DEVICE LENGTH NUMBER SUPPORTED WITH EVENT TRANSFORMATION NUMBER - TRANSFORMATION N CURRENT NORMALISATION - CN 6 Abbreviations ACCUMULATE ACTIVATE ALIGNMENT AREA ARRAY ASPECT ASSOCLATE ASSOCIATED ATTRIBUTE AWAIT BASE CATEGORY
34、 CELL CHARACTER CHOICE CLASSIFICATION CLEAR CLIPPING CLOSE COLOUR CONNECTION COPY CREATE DEACTIVATE DEFAULT DEFERRAL DELETE DETECTABILITY DIMENSIONS DISPLAY DRAW DYNAMIC element EMERGENCY ERROR ESCAPE EVALUATE EXPANSION EXTENT FACILITY FILL FLAG FONT GENERALISED GET GKS HANDLING HEIGHT HIGHLIGHTING
35、IDENTIFICATION INDEX INITIALISE INPUT INQUIRE INSERT INTERIOR INTERPRET ITEM LINE - AC - AC - AL -A -A -A -+A - AS -A - WAIT -B - CA -c - CH - CH - CL - CLR - CLIP - CL -c -c -c - CR - DA -D -D -D - DTEC -D -D -D -D -E -E - ER - ESC - EV -xP -x -F +F -F -+F -G - GT - KS - HND -H - HLIT - ID -I -IN -
36、I -Q - IN +I -I - ITM - LN LINETYPE LINEWIDTH LOCATOR LOGGING LOGICAL MARKER MATRIX MAXIMUM MESSAGE MODE NORMALIZATION OPEN OPERATING OVERFLOW PACK PATH PATTERN PICK PIXEL POLYLINE POLYMARKER PRECISION PREDEFINED PRIMITIVE PRIORITY QUEUE READ RECORD REDRAW REFERENCE RENAME REPRESENTATION REQUEST SAM
37、PLE SCALE SEGMENT SELECT SET SIMULTANEOUS SOURCE SPACE STATE STRING STROKE STYLE SURFACE TEXT TRANSFORMATION UNPACK UPDATE USE VALUATOR VIEWPORT VISIBILITY WIDTH WINDOW WORKSTATION WRITE - LN - LW - LC - LOG -L - MK -M -M - MSG -M -N - OP - OP - ov -P -P - PA - PK - PX - PL - PM -P -P -P -P -Q - RD
38、- REG -R - RF - REN -R - RQ - SM - SC + SG + SEL -S -+ SIM -S - SP -S - ST - SK -+S -S - TX +T -u -u - us + VL - VP - VIS -W - WN - WK -W 7 IS0 8651-1 : 1988 (E) 6 Data types P point N name E enumeration In IS0 7942, parameters of several types are used. The following shows the correspondence betwee
39、n the types used in IS0 7942 and their realisation in a FORTRAN implementation. GKS Data Type FORTRAN Data Types I integer INTEGER R real REAI, S string 1) In a full FORTRAN 77 subroutine: a) INTEGER containing the number of characters returned (for out- b) CHARACTER*(*) containing the string. In ad
40、dition, if a charac- ter string which is an input parameter may reasonably contain no characters, then an INTEGER (20) is used to give the number of characters to be passed to the subroutine. put string argument only) 2) In a FORTRAN 77 Subset subroutine: a) INTEGER containing the number of characte
41、rs passed to the sub- routine (for input string only, i.e. only one INTEGER needed for b) INTEGER containing the number of characters returned (for out- c) CHARACTER*80 containing the string. output). put string argument only). REAL, REAL containing the X- and Y-values INTEGER 1) Workstation Identif
42、ier, Segment Name, Pick Identifier: An implemen- tation may restrict the range but must at least provide all non- negative integers which are available at that implementation. NOTE - the default value for pick identifier is zero. 2) Workstation Type, Connection Identifier, Error File: The set of val
43、id values is implementation dependent. The Connection Identifier and Error File may be logical unit numbers. 3) GDP Identifier, Escape Identifier: The set of legal values is described in IS0 7942. 4) Identification of GKS procedure: The range is shown under Enumeration Types. INTEGER NOTE - All valu
44、es are mapped to the range zero to N-1, where N ia the number of enumeration alternatives. Except for null values, the order of the enumeration alter- natives is the same as in IS0 7942: null values always appear in the first position. If the integer value given by the application program is not in
45、the range O to N-1, there is a language binding error condition (error 2000). const x simple-type where simple-type is I or R (vector of values, for example 2xR) 1) In non-inquiry functions, separate simple-type parameters are used. NOTE - in GKS, const 54 2) In inquiry functions, if const 53, separ
46、ate simpletype parameters are used; if const 24, a simple-type array of dimension const is used. 8 B651 PT L-BB 4851903 0064617 O IS0 8651-1 : 1988 (E) const x P (only occurs in non-inquiry functions) Separate REAL parameters, with the X- and Y- coordinates of one point being followed by the X- and
47、Y- coordinates of the next. const x E (only occurrence in GKS is const = i3) h array of INTEGER elements of dimension const is used, each element being an enumeration alternative. const 1 x const 2 x R (matrix of values, for example 2x3xR) REAL array (const 1, const 2) list of n values of one simple
48、-type (for example nxI) 1) For input parameter: a) INTEGER (input parameter) containing length n of the list (unless the length is already present as a separate GKS parameter, in which case it is not duplicated) b) array of dimension n, whose elements are of the appropriate simple-type. When the len
49、gth could legally be eero within GKS, the binding indi- cates the array dimension by *. The implementation checks that the given length is 20. 2) For output parameter in non-inquiry functions: a) INTEGER (input parameter) containing the dimension of the array b) INTEGER (output parameter) containing the number of elements of c) an array whose elements are of the appropriate simple-type. The input dimension being too small is a language binding error condi- tion (error 2001). the array actually used. In both cases (input or output), where the simple-type is a point, there is a REAL array
