1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 8957 First edit ion 1996-12-15 Information and documentation - Hebrew alphabet coded character sets for bibliographic information interchange Information et documentation - Jeux de caracMes cod and other languages written in Hebrew script, such as Judeo-Arabic, Judeo-Persi
2、an, Karaite Turkic, Judeo-Italian, Judeo-Greek, etc. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, th International Standard. At the time of publication, the revision, and parties to agreements based on this I possibility of applying the most recent editions of the st; reg
3、isters of currently valid International Standards. ough reference in this text, constitute provisions of this editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to nternational Standard are encouraged to investigate the jndards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain lSO/l EC 646: 199
4、1, Information technology - IS0 7-bit coded character set for information interchange. lSO/I EC 2022: 1994, Information technology - Character code structure and extension techniques. International register of character sets to be identified by means of escape sequences. 1) 3 Implementation 3.1 The
5、implementation of these coded character sets in physical media and for transmission, taking into account the need for error checking, is the subject of other International Standards (see annex A). 3.2 The implementation of this International Standard is in accordance with the provisions of lSO/lEC 2
6、0222) and is identified by escape sequences. (To be assigned.) 3.3 The unassigned positions in the code table shall not be utilized in the international interchange of bibliographic information. 1) Available on application to the Secretariat of the Registration Authority: ECMA, 114 rue du Rhbne, CH-
7、I 204 Genhe, Switzerland. 2) GO: ESC 2/8 F; Gl : ESC 2/9 F; G2: ESC 2/l 0 F; 63: ESC 2/l 1 F (“F” represents the final character of the escape sequence). 1 IS0 8957:1996(E) 4 Code tables 4.1 Code table for the basic Hebrew alphabet Table 1 is the code table for characters constituting the basic Hebr
8、ew alphabet. Table 1 Reserved for future standardization 0 IS0 IS0 8957:1996(E) 4.2 Code table for additional Hebrew characters Table 2 is the code table for additional Hebrew script characters. Table 2 Reserved for future standardization IS0 8957: 1996(E) 5 Legend 5.1 Basic Hebrew alphabet Table 3
9、gives the code, graphic and name of each character constituting the basic Hebrew alphabet. Comments on usage are also provided when needed. Table 3 - Set 1: Basic Hebrew alphabet Code 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 28 2c 2D 2E 2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3c 3D 3E 3F Graphic Name ! # $ %
10、 (P) = Palestinian; (S) = Samarian; (T) = Tiberian. Code Graphic Name 21 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 I l l ! . . El . A : : i-i l * v-7 Lj 4 L c* f 1 Li . r-; L.; #/ ,.-. t : d w ;-; !A HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ 22 23-3F HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ (These positions shall not be used) HEBREW ACCENT RE
11、VIA HEBREW ACCENT TSERE HEBREW ACCENT ACUTE TSERE HEBREW ACCENT GRAVE TSERE HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF QATAN HEBREW ACCENT SEGOL HEBREW MARK UPPER DOT HEBREW ACCENT DOUBLE ACUTE HEBREW ACCENT SHADDAH Table 4 - Set 2: Additional Hebrew characters Comments Placed between certain words in letters; separates s
12、ome old texts Placed above letter: 6; (B) (T) Placed above letter: 8; (B) (P) Placed above letter: A; (B) (P) Placed above letter: d; (P) Placed above letter: fi; (B) (P) (T) Placed above letter: &; (B) (P) Used for holam; center or left Placed above letter; used in Ladino Placed above letter; 5; us
13、ed in Judeo-Ara bit 0 IS0 IS0 8957:1996(E) Table 4 (conc/uded,J Code Graphic Name 49 I: I”. ii 4A 7-J 4B cl Y 4c P El 4D fg 4E y * 50 I r-t !.A 51 .- ; 52 5 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5c 5D 5E 5F 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 6806F ) I” z 5 h ill v r-t L.! ?-! . . i . Q. i i L.i J f-g fj A i3 C r-t i-1 0,
14、 r-t I,: r ,.- i : :,.; 70 : ,.-. : $2 71 v. : i i.: I 72 se. ; I A L 73 v-t ! ! L”. a 74 E 75 r-t i-I 76 f-7 ;i; 77 f-1 +i 78 e 79-7E HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF GADOL Placed above letter: # HEBREW ACCENT PASHTA Placed above letter to the left: ?J HEBREW ACCENT TEVIR Placed below letter: Q HEBREW ACCENT GE
15、RESH MUQDAM Placed above letter to the right: 6 HEBREW ACCENT GERSHAYIN Placed above letter: ru” HEBREW ACCENT QARNEY PARA Placed above letter: 95 HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA KEFULA Placed below letter: 9 HEBREW ACCENT QAMATS HEBREW ACCENT ACUTE HEBREW ACCENT GRAVE HEBREW ACCENT GERESH HEBREW ACCENT QADMA
16、HEBREW ACCENT SAMARIAN HOlAM HEBREW ACCENT SAMARIAN SEGOL HEBREW ACCENT BABYLONIAN QAMATS HEBREW ACCENT OLE HEBREW ACCENT ILUY HEBREW ACCENT PAZER HEBREW ACCENT RAFE HEBREW ACCENT DAGESH HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA HEBREW ACCENT DEHI HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR HEBREW ACCENT BABYLONIAN PATAH HEBREW ACCENT BABYLONIA
17、N QAMATS HEBREW ACCENT BABYLONIAN DAGESH HEBREW ACCENT SHALSHELET HEBREW ACCENT TEUSHA GEDOLA HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA QETANA HEBREW ACCENT ASTERISK HEBREW MARK MASORA CIRCLE (These positions shall not be used) HEBREW ACCENT METEG Placed below letter: I?; (T) HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA Placed below letter: v
18、; (T) HEBREW ACCENT TIPEHA Placed below letter: p; (T) HEBREW ACCENT MUNAH Placed below letter: Q; (T) HEBREW ACCENT YETIV Placed at right of letter: Q; (T) HEBREW ACCENT MAHAPAKH Placed at left under letter: p; (T) HEBREW ACCENT ETNAHTA Placed below letter: Q; (T) HEBREW ACCENT YERAH BEN YOM0 Place
19、d below letter: p; (T) HEBREW ACCENT DAREGA Placed below letter: Q; (T) (These positions shall not be used) Comments Placed above letter: b; (P) (S) Placed above letter: 6; (B) (P) Placed above letter: &; (B) Placed above letter: 6; (T) (B) Placed above letter: fi; (T) Placed above letter: 6; (S) Pl
20、aced above letter: 5; (S) Placed above letter: fi; (B) Placed above letter: 6; (S) (T) Placed above letter: d; (T) Placed above letter: b; (T) Placed above letter: 6; (P) Placed above letter: 6; (PI Placed above letter: 5; (T) Placed below letter to the right: Q Placed above letter to the left: k Pl
21、aced above letter: 6; (B) Placed above letter: 5; (B) Placed above letter: a; (B) Placed above letter: 6; (T) Placed above letter: 6; (T) Placed above Placed above Placed above etter: 8; (T) etter: 6 etter: fi 7 IS0 IS0 8957:1996(E) 6 Explanatory notes 6.1 Points and accents in code tables The chara
22、cters in Set 1 I column 4 (table I), positions 40 to 4A are the most important Tiberian points. Those in Set 1, column 4 (table I), positions 4B to 4E and Set 2 (table Z), columns 4 to 7 are less used Tiberian points and other accents. Point and accent are the generic terms used in reference to mark
23、s, signs and special characters used in addition to the basic Hebrew alphabet 6.2 Spacing and non-spacing characters The characters coded in Set 1, column 4 (table 1) and Set 2, columns 4 to 7 (table 2) represent combining marks which are non-spacing characters, that is, characters whose use is not
24、followed by the forward movement of an output device. In a character string, these non-spacing characters are input before the characters they modify. Multiple combining marks associated with one letter are to be encoded in the order in which they appear, reading left to right or top to bottom. They
25、 are intended to be combined with other spacing characters in this International Standard or characters from the basic Latin set. The BACKSPACE character (hexadecimal code 08 in ISO/IEC 646) should not be used when encoding non-spacing characters. 6.3 Types of characters Four types of characters are
26、 included in Set 1 and Set 2: a) Alphabetic characters. In Set 1, columns 6 and 7 (table 1). The forms of the alphabetic characters marked ordinary are not used at the end of a word, except in some Yiddish texts and in some acronyms. The form marked final is used at the end of a word. In display, th
27、e placement of the point depends on the shape of the alphabetic character. ) Diacritic-like characters. In Set 1, column 4 (45, 48 to 4D); in Set 2, column 4 (47 and 48). These characters are always used in conjunction with other characters and usually modify the pronunciation of consonants. ) Vowel
28、s, accents and cantillation marks. In Set 1, column 4 (40 to 4A, 4E); in Set 2, columns 4, 5, 6 and 7. The characters in Set 1 represent vowels pronounced after or before the letter on or under which they are placed. The characters in Set 2 include accents used in biblical texts and cantillation mar
29、ks that indicate punctuation, tone or serve as musical notes for the chanting of text. The vowels in Set 1, positions 40 to 44, and 46 to 4A are placed under a letter, usually in the middle ( x n N )* but under dalet (Set 1, 63) and resh (Set 1, 78) they are slightly to the right ( 7 3 ). Vowels und
30、er fin% kHfSet 1, 6A) and final nun (Set 1, 6F) are placed in the middle of the letter ( 11 4 ). The vowel holam is usually placed above and to the left of the letter: l J (holam + kaf); but it is sometimes placed directly above the letter: i (holam + vav). The characters in Set 2, columns 4 to 7 ar
31、e placed above or below letters. d) Punctuation marks, numerals and special characters. In Set I, columns 2, 3 and 5; in Set 2, column 2. These are all spacing characters. 6.4 Rendering of characters The rendering of graphic characters is intended solely to identify uniquely these extended Latin scr
32、ipt letters. The graphics used do not necessarily represent the most desirable calligraphic forms. 6.5 Names of characters The names of characters (but not codes) have been made to correspond as much as possible to those assigned in lSO/l EC 10646-I. IS0 8957:1996(E) Annex A (informative) Bibliograp
33、hy I IS0 259:1984, Documentation - Transliteration of Hebrew characters in to La tin characters. 2 IS0 962: 1974, lnforma tion processing - Implementation of the 7-bit coded character set and its 7-bit and 8-bit extensions on g-track 12,7 mm (0.5 in) magnetic tape. 3 IS0 1113:1979, Information proce
34、ssing - Representation of the 7-bit coded character set on punched tape. 4 IS0 1155:1978, Information processing - Use of longitudinal parity to detect errors in information messages. 5 IS0 1177:1985, Information processing - Character structure for start/stop and synchronous character oriented tran
35、smission. 6 IS0 1745: 1975, Information processing - Basic mode control procedures for data communication systems. 7 IS0 2375: 1985, Data processing - Procedure for registration of escape sequences. 8 IS0 6586:1980, Data processing - Implementation of the IS0 7-bit and 8-bit coded character sets on punched cards. 9 lSO/IEC 10646-I :I 993, Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (KS) - Part 7: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane. 9
