1、 Reference numberISO 9096:2003(E)ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO9096Second edition2003-02-01Stationary source emissions Manual determination of mass concentration of particulate matter missions de sources fixes Dtermination manuelle de la concentration en masse de poussires Copyright Internationa
2、l Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 9096:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be print
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7、il copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedCopyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 9096:2003(E) ISO 2003 All
8、rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle . 4 4.1 General. 4 4.2 Interferences 5 5 Sampling plane and sampling points . 5 5.1 General. 5 5.2 Sampling plane 6 5.3 Requirements for sampling points 6 5.4 Minim
9、um number and location of sampling points. 6 5.5 Access ports 7 5.6 Sampling time 7 6 Apparatus and materials 8 6.1 Gas velocity, temperature, pressure, and gas composition measurement devices 8 6.2 Sampling equipment. 8 6.3 Equipment for particulate matter recovery 14 6.4 Equipment for conditioning
10、 and weighing. 14 7 Sampling and weighing procedures . 15 7.1 General aspects 15 7.2 Weighing procedure . 16 7.3 Sampling 18 7.4 Validation of results 21 8 Additional aspects 22 8.1 Thermal behaviour of particulate matter 22 8.2 Particulate deposits upstream of the filter. 24 8.3 Improvement of the
11、weighing procedure . 24 9 Calculations. 24 9.1 Isokinetic flowrate. 24 9.2 Dust concentration . 25 10 Performance characteristics 26 10.1 General aspects 26 10.2 Experimental data for sampling 27 11 Test report . 27 Annex A (normative) Proven design of the entry nozzle 29 Annex B (normative) Determi
12、nation of positions of sampling points in circular and retangular ducts. 30 Annex C (informative) Examples of weighing bias . 34 Annex D (informative) Isokinetic sampling conditions. 36 Annex E (informative) Summary validation information 38 Annex F (informative) Examples of suitable access ports fo
13、r sampling equipment. 41 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 9096:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for
14、Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the r
15、ight to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internation
16、al Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as
17、 an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. IS
18、O 9096 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1, Stationary source emissions. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 9096:1992), which has been technically revised. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS
19、 under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 9096:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved vIntroduction Close liaison and cooperation between ISO/TC 146/SC 1 and CEN/TC 264 has resulted in the preparation of this International Standard (I
20、SO 9096), ISO 12141 and European Standard EN 13824-1. This International Standard is similar to EN 13284-1 with additional emphasis given on the use of high-volume sampling techniques. A representative, integrated sample is extracted from the flue gas and particulate matter entrained in the gas samp
21、le is separated by a filter. The pre-weighed filter is subsequently dried and weighed. A relative increase in the mass is attributed to the collection of particulate matter on the filter. To meet the specifications of this International Standard, the particulate sample must be weighed to a specified
22、 level of accuracy. This level of accuracy is achieved by: a) exercising extreme care in weighing, in accordance with the procedures of this International Standard; b) extending the sampling time at conventional sampling rates; c) sampling at higher rates for conventional sampling times (high-volume
23、 sampling); d) recovering all dust upstream of the filter. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provid
24、ed by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9096:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Stationary source emissions Manual determination of mass concentration of particulate matter 1 Scope This Internati
25、onal Standard describes a reference method for the measurement of particulate matter (dust) concentration in waste gases of concentrations from 20 mg/m3to 1000 mg/m3under standard conditions. This International Standard is applicable to the calibration of automated monitoring systems (AMS). If the e
26、mission gas contains unstable, reactive or semi-volatile substances, the measurement will depend on the filtration temperature. In-stack methods may be more applicable than out-stack methods for the calibration of automated monitoring systems. 2 Normative references The following referenced document
27、s are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5725 (all parts), Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and
28、 results ISO 10780, Stationary source emissions Measurement of velocity and volume flowrate of gas streams in ducts ISO 12141, Stationary source emissions Determination of mass concentration of particulate matter (dust) at low concentrations Manual gravimetric method 3 Terms and definitions For the
29、purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 particulate matter dust particles, of any shape, structure or density, dispersed in the gas phase under the sampling conditions NOTE 1 In the method described, all the compounds that may be collected by filtration under specif
30、ied conditions after representative sampling of the gas to be analysed, and which remain upstream of the filter and on the filter after drying under specified conditions, are considered to be dust (or particulate matter). However, for the purposes of some national standards, the definition of partic
31、ulate matter may extend to condensibles or reaction products collected under specified conditions (e.g. temperatures lower than the flue gas temperature). NOTE 2 This method restricts the definition of particulate matter to that material collected in the sampling system on and before a filter, under
32、 specified temperature conditions. Procedures for the measurement of secondary particulate matter (condensible materials) formed and collected after the filter are not within the scope of this International Standard. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under lice
33、nse with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 9096:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved3.2 filtration temperature temperature of the sampled gas immediately downstream of the filter 3.3 in-stack filtration filtration in the duct with the filter
34、in its filter holder placed immediately downstream of the sampling nozzle 3.4 out-stack filtration filtration outside of the duct with the filter in its heated filter holder placed downstream of the sampling nozzle and the suction tube (sampling probe) 3.5 isokinetic sampling sampling at a flowrate
35、such that the velocity and direction of the gas entering the sampling nozzle (vn) are the same as that of the gas in the duct at the sampling points vsSee Figure 1. NOTE The velocity ratio vn/vsexpressed as a percentage characterizes the deviation from isokinetic sampling. Key vsstack gas velocity v
36、nvelocity in the nozzle Figure 1 Isokinetic sampling Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 9096:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 33.6 hydraulic diameter
37、 dhcharacteristic dimension of a duct cross-section shs4 Adl= (1) where Asis the cross-sectional area of the sampling plane; lsis the length of the perimeter of the sampling plane 3.7 sampling plane plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling position See Figure 2. Key 1 sampling line
38、s 2 sampling plane 3 access port 4 flow 5 top of duct Figure 2 Illustration of definitions in relation to a circular duct Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
39、ISO 9096:2003(E) 4 ISO 2003 All rights reserved3.8 sampling line line in the sampling plane along which sampling points are located, bounded by the inner duct wall See Figure 2. 3.9 sampling point the specific position on a sampling line at which a sample is extracted 3.10 standard conditions gas pr
40、essure and temperature constants and conditions to which volumetric calculations are referred NOTE For the purposes of this International Standard, standard conditions are 101,325 kPa rounded to 101,3 kPa; 273,15 K rounded to 273 K; dry gas. 3.11 overall blank test sample taken at the plant site in
41、an identical manner to the normal samples in the series, except that no gas is sampled during the test duration NOTE The measured mass variation provides an estimation of the uncertainties. The overall blank value, divided by the average sampling volume of the measurement series, provides an estimat
42、ion of the detection limit (milligrams per cubic metre) of the whole measurement process, as carried out by the operator. The overall blank includes possible deposits on the filter and on all parts upstream. 3.12 weighing control procedures quality control procedures utilised for detecting/correctin
43、g apparent mass variations due to climatic or environmental changes between pre- and post-sampling weighing series NOTE In these procedures, control parts are used (see 7.2) which are identical to those to be weighed for dust measurement and are pre-treated under the same conditions of temperature a
44、nd humidity. The control parts are kept free from dust contamination. 3.13 measurement series successive measurements carried out in the same sampling plane, and under the same process conditions 3.14 limit value dust concentration that is permitted by authorities for the plant process (i.e. average
45、 limit value) NOTE For purposes other than regulatory uses, the measurement value is compared to a stated reference value. 4 Principle 4.1 General A sample stream of the gas is extracted from the main gas stream at specified sampling points for a measured period of time, with an isokinetic controlle
46、d flowrate. The volume of gas collected is measured, and a pre-weighed filter, which is then dried and reweighed, separates the particulate matter (dust) entrained in the gas sample. Deposits upstream of the filter in the sampling equipment are also recovered and weighed. The increase in mass of the
47、 filter and the mass deposited upstream of the filter is attributed to particulate matter collected from the sampled gas. The ratio of the mass of the particulate matter collected to the volume of gas collected allows the flue gas particulate concentration to be calculated. Copyright International O
48、rganization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 9096:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 5Valid measurements can be achieved only when: a) an adequate quantity of dust is collected during th
49、e sampling, which is at least 5 times the corresponding overall blank value; b) the gas stream in the duct at the sampling location has a sufficiently steady and identified velocity, temperature and pressure, and a sufficiently homogeneous composition; c) the flow of gas is parallel to the axis of the nozzle; d) sampling is carried o
