1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 9553 First edition 1997-l I-01 Solar energy - Methods of testing preformed rubber seals and sealing compounds used in collectors l$ergie solaire - MBthodes dessai des joints pr6form a3400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central Printed in Switzerland ii 0 IS0 IS0 9553: 1997(E) Forew
2、ord IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a techni
3、cal committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of e
4、lectrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 9953 was prep
5、ared by Technical Committe ISO/TC 180, Solar energy. Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standard. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD o IS0 IS0 9553: 1997(E) Solar energy - Methods of testing preformed rubber seals and sealing compounds used in collectors 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard
6、 gives requirements for the classification and testing of rubbers used to seal solar energy collectors in order to aid selection for specific applications. NOTE Particular rubber applications, when specified, may necessitate other requirements that take precedence over these requirements. 1.2 The de
7、sign requirements in this International Standard pertain only to permissible deflection of the rubber during thermal expansion or retraction of the seal in use and to the tolerances on dimensions of moulded and extruded seals. 1.3 This International Standard does not include requirements pertaining
8、to geometrical design, fabrication or installation of the seals. 1.4 This International Standard is applicable in conjunction with long-term ageing and weathering tests. However, if long-term tests are performed, it is recommended that IS0 4892-2 be complied with for ageing tests and IS0 877 for acc
9、elerated weathering tests and material exposure tests, respectively. NOTE The environmental conditions, test specimen configuration and any test deviations should be agreed upon between the parties involved. Also, if long-term tests are performed. the specific tests described in this International S
10、tandard should be performed before and after long-term testing is carried out. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid.
11、 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Stand
12、ards. IS0 37:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tensile stress-strain properties. IS0 48:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD). IS0 188: -1) , Rubber, vulcanized - Accelerated ageing and heat-resistance
13、 tests. IS0 471 :I 995, Rubber - Temperatures, humidities, and times for conditioning and testing. IS0 812:1991, Rubber, vulcanized - Determination of low-temperature brittleness. ) To be published. (Revision of IS0 188: 1982) IS0 9553: 1997(E) Q IS0 IS0 815:1991, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic
14、 - Determination of compression set at ambient, elevated or low temperatures. IS0 877:1994, Plastics-Methods of exposure to direct weathering, to weathering using glass-filtered daylight, and to intensified weathering by daylight using fresnel 1 mirrors. IS0 1431-l : 1989, Rubber, vulcanized or ther
15、moplastic - Resistance to ozone cracking - Part 7: Static strain test. IS0 3302-l : 1996, Rubber - Tolerances for products - Part 1: Dimensional tolerances. IS0 4632-l : 1982, Rubber, vulcanized - Classification system - Part 1: Description of the classification system. IS0 4661-l :1993, Rubber, vul
16、canized or thermoplastic - Preparation of samples and test pieces - Part 1: Physical tests. IS0 4661-2:1987, Rubber, vulcanized - Preparation of samples and test pieces - Part 2: Chemical tests. IS0 4892-2:1994, Plastics - Method of exposure to laboratory tight sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc sources. I
17、S0 7619:1997, Rubber - Determination of indentation hardness by means of pocket hardness meters. 3 Classification 3.1 Sealing Sealing can be accomplished by one of the following methods: a) a preformed rubber seal (PS); b) a sealing compound (SC). NOTE Sealing compounds should not be used in collect
18、ors in which the seal is under mechanical stress. 3.2 Seal type The following type classification is in accordance with IS0 4632-l. The type selected should be based on the maximum service temperature which normally occurs when the collector is under stagnation conditions and is receiving the maximu
19、m radiation flux to which it will be exposed. Table 1 gives the maximum service temperatures and the test temperatures required in tables 3 and 4. 2 0 IS0 IS0 9553:1997(E) Table 1 - Seal types, test temperatures and maximum service temperatures (IS0 4632-l) Type Test temperature Max. service “C temp
20、erature “C B 100 70 C 125 100 D 150 125 E 1) 175 150 F) 200 175 G 1) 225 200 H 1) 250 225 1) Types E, F, G and H are not required for most solar collectors. 3.3 Seal grade Table 2 shows differing degrees of rubber hardness in accordance with lS0 48 and IS0 7619. The grade to be used in a particular
21、application depends on the design of the seal and shall be specified by the designer. Table 2 - Grade designation for different degrees of hardness Grade Hardness 3 30*5 4 40*5 5 5oi5 6 60* 5 7 70*5 8 80*5 3.4 Seal class 3.4.1 The classes shown in table 3 are established based on resistance to low t
22、emperatures. The class selected should be based on the lowest temperature of the collector expected in service. 3 IS0 9553:1997(E) 0 IS0 Table 3 - Seal classes, test temperatures and lowest service temperatures CJass Climate W M C P Warm Moderate Cold Polar Test temperature “C 0 - 2.5 - 40 - 60 Lowe
23、st service temperature “C - 10 - 35 - 50 - 70 4 Materials 4.1 Seals shall be made from rubber compounds that are resistant to the effect of ultraviolet light and, when vulcanized as in 7.1, shall comply with the requirements in clause 5. 4.2 Seals shall be free from defects that adversely affect the
24、 serviceability of products. Surface texture of preformed seals should be appropriate to the method of manufacture decided by the parties concerned. 5 Dimensions and tolerances 5.1 Attention should be paid to the effects of seal thermal expansion. For this reason, dimensions will vary greatly in a s
25、olar collector due to the large range of temperatures reached. NOTE If the thermal coefficient of linear expansion for the rubber is not known, a value of 0,000 3 K-1 may be assumed for design purposes. 5.2 The tolerance on dimensions shall conform to the following designations in IS0 3302-l : 5.2.1
26、 Moulded seals Good quality mouldings (Class M3) High quality mouldings (Class M2) 5.2.2 Extruded seals Good quality extrusion (Class E2) NOTE The same consideration should be given to shrinkage. 6 Physical requirements 6.1 Preformed seals should conform to the requirements in table 4 when tested by
27、 the procedures given in clause 7. NOTE The requirements for low-temperature flexibility and ozone resistance relate to the composition of the rubber vulcanized (type of rubber and formulation); these tests are required only when the composition is changed. 6.2 Sealing compounds shall conform to the
28、 requirements in table 5 when tested by the procedures in clause 7 (see note in 5.1). 0 IS0 IS0 9553: 1997(E) 7 Test methods 7.1 Preparation of test pieces Prepare test pieces from preformed seals in accordance with IS0 4661-1 and test them in accordance with the test methods given in table 4. For s
29、ealing compounds, prepare five sheets approximately 150 mm x 150 mm x 2 mm in accordance with instructions supplied by the manufacturer. Also, prepare five adhesion assemblies in accordance with annex A. Condition the sheets and adhesion assemblies for 14 days at standard laboratory conditions as gi
30、ven in IS0 471. Test the materials in accordance with test methods given in table 5. Table 4 - Requirements for preformed seals Grade Property 4 5 6 7 Hardness, IRHD, 40 50 60 70 +5 -4 Elonaation at break, min. % 300 250 200 50 Compression set, max. % After 24!, h at high temperature” 30 30 30 30 Af
31、ter 166:* h at low temperature 60 60 60 60 Resistance to heating” Hardness, change, max. IRHD 10 10 10 10 Elongation at break, change, max. % 30 30 30 30 Tensile strength change, max. % 20 20 20 20 Volatiles lost, max. % 1 1 I 1 Volatiles lost, max. % a1 O,l 0,1 071 Resistance to ozone no cracking R
32、esistance to low temDerature” no breaks or cracks Classes M. C. and P onlv 8 80 100 30 60 10 30 20 1 091 Test method 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.6 7.7 1) The temperature depends on the type. 2) The temperature depends on the class. 5 IS0 9553:1997(E) 8 IS0 Table 5 - Requirements fo
33、r sealing compounds Property Hardness, IRHD, +5 -4 Elonaation at break, min. % Resistance to heating” Hardness, change, max. IRHD Elongation at break, change, max.% Tensile strength change, max. % Volatiles lost, max. % Volatiles condensable, max. % Resistance to ozone Resistance to low temDeraturei
34、bl Classes M, C, and P only Adhesion loss” max cm2 I . Grade 3 30 150 10 30 20 1 0,1 5 40 100 10 30 20 1 091 no cracking 7.6 no breaks no cracks 9 I 9 7.8 Test method 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.5.2 7.53 7.7 (a) The temperature depends on the type-see Table 1. (b) The temperature depends on the class-
35、see Table 3. (c) The combined loss in bond and cohesion areas for the three specimens tested shall not exceed 9 cm*. 7.2 Hardness Test in accordance with IS0 48 or IS0 7619. 7.3 Tensile strength and elongation at break Test in accordance with IS0 37 (Type 2: dumbbell test piece). 7.4 Compression set
36、 Test in accordance with IS0 815 at high temperatures and IS0 1653 at low temperatures (small IS0 815 disc as test piece). 0 IS0 IS0 9553: 1997(E) 7.5 Resistance to heating 7.5.1 Heat test pieces in a test tube in accordance with IS0 188, but for 14 days at the appropriate temperature for the type o
37、f seal given in table 1. The test tube shall be approximately 38 mm x 300 mm and be equipped with a two-hole heat-resistant stopper, a 9 mm x 420 mm inlet tube extending to within 25 mm of the bottom, a 9 mm x 380 mm outlet tube extending about 320 mm above the stopper, and a support to suspend thre
38、e test pieces in the lower half of the test tube. NOTE This high-temperature exposure is not an ageing process, and any correlation between this exposure and natural behaviour during service would be coincidental. 7.5.2 After heating, condition the test pieces at standard laboratory temperatures for
39、 at least 16 h and perform the required tests within 96 h. 7.5.3 Determine mass change (essentially due to volatiles lost) from the difference in masses of test pieces before and after ageing. 7.5.4 Determine condensables which are volatile at 23 “C from the difference in masses of the outlet tube b
40、efore and after heating the test pieces. Ensure that the exposed portion of the outlet tube is maintained at a temperature of (23 * 2) “C. If any volatiles condense on the inlet tube or other parts of the apparatus, they should be added to the mass of the material on the outlet tube. 7.6 Resistance
41、to ozone Determine in accordance with IS0 1431-l ; Method A, 20 % elongation, ozone concentration in air 200 x lo-, for 96 i2 h at 40 “C. 7.7 Resistance to low temperature Determine in accordance with IS0 812. Examine test pieces for brittleness (breaks or cracks) after test. 7.8 Adhesion loss Deter
42、mine in accordance with annex A. 8 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) complete identification of the seal tested; b) test methods and test conditions used (i.e. a reference to IS0 9553), including any deviations from specified procedures/conditions; c) t
43、est results: d) name of the person and organization responsible for the test. 7 IS0 9553: 1997(E) Annex A (normative) 0 IS0 Determination of adhesion of sealing compounds A.1 Scope This method is an accelerated laboratory procedure for evaluating the performance of a sealing compound (sealant) in a
44、solar collector joint which is subjected to water immersion, cyclic movement and temperature change. A.2 Apparatus A.2.1 Compression-extension apparatus, designed to compress and extend an adhesion assembly with a 125 mm sealant joint by 25 % (that is, from 75 % to 125 % of the joint width) at a con
45、stant rate of 4 h per cycle (that is, 2 h for the compression cycle and 2 h for the extension cycle). A.2.2 Oven, capable of being controlled to within f 2 “C of the temperature given in table 1 for the type of seal tested. A.2.3 Cold chamber, capable of being controlled to within f 2 “C of the temp
46、erature given in table 3 for the class of seal tested. A.2.4 “C” clamps. A-2.5 Spacer blocks and substrate plates, A.3 Adhesion assembly A.3.1 Substrates The substrates are the materials in the solar energy collector which are to be sealed. Aluminium and glass substrates shall be used for tests when
47、 substrates are not specified. The substrate plates shall measure at least 75mmx25mmx6mm. A.3.2 Primer When the sealant manufacturer recommends use of a primer, substrate surfaces contacting the sealing compound shall be primed in accordance with recommendations. A-3.3 Assembly Prepare five assembli
48、es for each substrate/sealing compound combination. Condition unopened packages of sealing compound for at least 24 h at standard laboratory temperature, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions to the extent that they do not conflict with the following requirements: a) Place two 12,5 mm sp
49、acer blocks between the parallel faces of two substrate plates to form a mould cavity measuring 12,5 mm x 12,5 mm x 50 mm. b) Apply polyethylene adhesive tape or other suitable inert release agent to the surfaces of the spacers forming the cavity prevent adhesion of the spacers to the sealant. Hold the mould together with adhesive tape, rubber
