1、 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 24785:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 24785 First edition 2009-02-15Information technology Taxonomy of cultural and linguistic adaptability user requirements Technologies de linformation Taxinomie des exigences utilisateur pour ladaptabilit culturelle et
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7、C TR 24785:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in t
8、he development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-g
9、overnmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main ta
10、sk of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a
11、 vote. In exceptional circumstances, the joint technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following types: type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts; type 2, when the subjec
12、t is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard; type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an Internati
13、onal Standard (“state of the art”, for example). Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they
14、provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC TR 24785, which is a Technica
15、l Report of type 3, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces. ISO/IEC TR 24785:2009(E) iv ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reservedIntroduction In order to approach standardization in a systematic way, a common approach is to develop
16、 a way to classify the subject area, or a taxonomy. This helps in two ways: it helps to identify all aspects of the domain in question which might be subject to standardization; it helps to provide a logical structure for the standardization activity. A taxonomy of relevant concepts in the domain of
17、 cultural and linguistic adaptability has been developed, based on user requirements for functionality, as discussed in CEN/TC304/PT01, Part I, Clause 4 (see bibliography item 1. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 24785:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved 1 Information technology Taxonomy of cultural
18、and linguistic adaptability user requirements 1 Scope This Technical Report defines a taxonomy describing the various elements of cultural and linguistic adaptability user requirements for use in a computer environment. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for
19、the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC TR 10000-1:1998, Information technology Framework and taxonomy of International Standardized Profi
20、les Part 1: General principles and documentation framework 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC TR 10000-1 and the following apply. 3.1 unilingual use of one language for the user NOTE The user may then use other languages in other par
21、ts of the work that is meant to be accomplished. 3.2 multilingual use of more than one language simultaneously NOTE An example is a two-language text displayed in two columns, and aligned paragraphwise. 3.3 locale subset of a users information technology environment that depends on language and cult
22、ural conventions NOTE This includes jurisdictional domain distinctions. ISO/IEC TR 24785:2009(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved4 A taxonomy of cultural and linguistic adaptability user requirements The present classification of the concepts was made through the identification of commonalties, su
23、ch as characters, sets, fonts and rules relating to presentation. The analysis was based on a much wider view of “multi-cultural support”, which attempts to map some of its concepts. Areas relevant to this taxonomy were chosen and developed into the full taxonomy, shown in 5.2. This latter choice co
24、mprises the technology which relates to methods for specifying, and rules governing, the creation of unique properties and codes which facilitate the presentation, storage and transmission of individual characters. The taxonomy in 5.2 is based on ISO/IEC TR 10000-1, ISO TR 12382 2, IEC 824 3 and the
25、 activities of appropriate standardization bodies, but most notably the work of ISO/IEC JTC 1. 5 Description of taxonomy 5.1 Description User requirements may be summed up in the single phrase “multi-cultural support”, being the need to accommodate all the requirements of different types of users, w
26、hether they are racial, national, typographical, occupational or individual. The primary choice was for text based topics, in line with the capability of computer technology to code, store and process individual characters. The taxonomy in 5.2 takes the classic form of a tree structure, where two ma
27、jor classes are recognized: Locales and Characters. The former deals with the cultural environment of the user, the latter with the smallest divisible parts that make up the messages which are being electronically processed. Each of the major classes is then subdivided into subcategories, which are
28、numbered in sequence, and each subcategory may then be subdivided again, and so forth, numbering the subcategories sequentially, and each level indicated with a period. A taxonomy of whatever phenomena can be constructed in several ways, depending on its purpose and the aspects applied. (For instanc
29、e, a number of persons may be grouped firstly according to age, then according to gender, then according to place of living or precisely the other way around, according to need.) A taxonomy for standardization purposes naturally has to take into account the most practical ways to group existing stan
30、dards and standardization projects as well as the logical connections between them and any conceptual “holes” which may need to be filled in order to cover the full need for standardization. The following taxonomy is thus intended to provide a map for almost all of the user requirements. Therefore t
31、he level of subordination in some cases goes very deep this does not mean that the actual standardization projects need a taxonomy of the same complexity. When a sub-level is empty of existing or future standards, the entries in that sub-level are simply collapsed and only the level above remains. I
32、SO/IEC TR 24785:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved 3 5.2 The taxonomy What follows is a specification of the taxonomy. There is no further information, e.g. on where this work is going on, as this information changes quite frequently. That information may then be provided via web pages that ca
33、n be updated more frequently than a Technical Report. Code Title / (no id) TAXONOMY L/ LOCALES L/1 Specifications L/1.1 Languages L/1.1.1 Natural languages L/1.1.1.1 Vocabulary L/1.1.1.1.1 Standard terminology L/1.1.1.1.2 Thesauri L/1.1.1.1.3 Standard phrases L/1.1.1.1.4 Translation L/1.1.1.2 Gramma
34、r L/1.1.1.3 Orthography L/1.1.1.3.1 Alphabet L/1.1.1.3.2 Spelling L/1.1.1.3.3 Use of special characters L/1.1.1.3.4 Capitalization L/1.1.1.3.5 Hyphenation L/1.1.1.3.6 Punctuation L/1.1.1.3.7 Transcription L/1.1.1.3.8 Ordering L/1.1.1.3.9 Personal names and titles L/1.1.1.4 Speech L/1.2 Cultural conv
35、entions L/1.2.1 Cultural elements L/1.2.1.1 Orthography L/1.2.1.1.1 Date and time format L/1.2.1.1.2 Numeric separators L/1.2.1.1.3 Monetary format L/1.2.1.1.4 Telephone number format L/1.2.1.1.5 Payment number format L/1.2.1.1.6 Mail address format L/1.2.1.1.7 National places ISO/IEC TR 24785:2009(
36、E) 4 ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reservedL/1.2.1.2 Measurement system L/1.2.1.3 Layout styles L/1.2.1.4 Paper sizes L/1.2.1.5 Use of graphical symbols L/1.2.1.6 Use of colours L/1.2.1.7 Artistic requirements L/1.2.1.8 Jurisdictional requirements L/1.2.2 Multilingual requirements L/1.3 Operating system d
37、ependency L/1.3.1 POSIX L/1.3.2 Other TOG L/2 Registration L/2.1 Procedures L/2.1.1 Supra-national L/2.1.1.1 National L/2.1.2 World-wide L/3 Implementation L/3.1 Fallback C/ CHARACTERS C/1 Character information C/1.1 Identification C/1.1.1 Characters C/1.1.1.1 Identifiers C/1.1.1.2 Attributes C/1.1.
38、2 Repertoires C/1.1.2.1 Graphic characters C/1.1.2.1.1 Natural language alphabets C/1.1.2.1.1.1 Supra-national C/1.1.2.1.1.1.1 General C/1.1.2.1.1.1.2 Elderly/disabled C/1.1.2.1.1.2 World-wide C/1.1.2.1.2 Programming language alphabets C/1.1.2.1.3 Non-alphabetic symbols C/1.1.2.1.3.1 General C/1.1.2
39、.1.3.2 Disabled/elderly C/1.1.2.2 Control functions C/1.1.2.3 Registration ISO/IEC TR 24785:2009(E) ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved 5 C/1.1.3 Glyphs C/1.1.3.1 Registration C/1.1.3.2 Character correspondence C/1.1.4 Glyph repertoires C/1.1.4.1 Registration C/1.1.4.2 Repertoire correspondence C/1.2 M
40、anipulation C/1.2.1 Transformation C/1.2.1.1 Case conversion C/1.2.1.2 Transliteration C/1.2.1.3 Fallback representation C/2 Input/output C/2.1 Input C/2.1.1 Keyboard C/2.1.2 Other means C/2.2 Output C/2.2.1 Character repertoires C/2.2.2 Character attributes C/3 Electronic processing C/3.1 Processin
41、g of coding schemes C/3.1.1 Encoding of graphic characters C/3.1.2 Encoding of control functions C/3.1.3 Code transformations C/3.1.3.1 UCS-UCS C/3.1.3.2 UCS-other coding schemes C/3.2 Interchange/communication C/3.2.1 7-bit method C/3.2.2 8-bit method C/3.2.3 Multiple-octet method C/3.3 Internation
42、alization support C/3.3.1 Programming languages C/3.3.1.1 Language-dependent C/3.3.1.2 Language-independent C/3.3.2 Operating systems C/3.3.3 Communications C/3.3.3.1 Directory services C/3.3.3.2 Telematics ISO/IEC TR 24785:2009(E) 6 ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reservedBibliography 1 CEN/TC304/PT01, Use
43、r requirements study and programming for standardization in the field of Character Set Technology. Available from: http:/www.open-std.org/CEN/TC304/docs/pt01-fin.htm 2 ISO/IEC TR 12382:1992, Permuted index of the vocabulary of information technology 3 IEC 824:1988, Terminology related to microprocessors ISO/IEC TR 24785:2009(E) ICS 35.240.20 Price based on 6 pages ISO/IEC 2009 All rights reserved
