1、 Reference number ISO/TR 12930:2014(E) ISO 2014TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12930 First edition 2014-04-01 Seismic design examples based on ISO 23469 Exemples de dimensionnement bass sur lISO 23469 ISO/TR 12930:2014(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified,
2、 no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs me
3、mber body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2014 All rights reservedISO/TR 12930:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents
4、 Page Foreword vi Introduction . vii 1 Scope 1 2 Purpose and policy of collecting design examples . 1 2.1 Purpose of collecting well-chosen examples . 1 2.2 Concept and policy of choosing and composing 2 2.3 Development and result 2 2.4 General conclusion of TR12930 obtained through its development
5、. 2 2.5 Editors, authors and reviewers 3 2.5.1 Editors 3 2.5.2 Authors . 3 2.5.3 Reviewers . 4 3 Assessment for conformity with ISO 23469 . 4 4 First stage of specifying seismic actions - Determination of site-specific earthquake ground motions demonstrated by design examples . 4 4.1 General . 5 4.1
6、.1 Methodology for empirical method in deterministic approach and examples . 5 4.1.2 Examples 6 4.2 Site-specific seismic hazard analysis evaluation 7 4.2.1 Probabilistic approach- Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis with focus on Fourier amplitude and group delay time 8 4.2.1.1 Outline . 8 4.2.1.
7、2 Evaluation of Site Amplification Factor . 9 4.2.1.3 Earthquake scenarios and probability of occurrence 10 4.2.1.4 Evaluation of Fourier amplitude spectra . 11 4.2.1.5 Evaluation of uniform hazard Fourier spectrum 12 4.2.1.6 Evaluation of ground motion time history 13 4.2.1.7 Example of application
8、 13 4.2.2 Site-specific approach on earthquake motions probabilistically evaluated in a LNG tank design considering a specific active fault 18 4.2.2.1 General procedure and design example . 18 4.2.3 Deterministic approach - Theoretical ground motion estimation based on hypothetical scenario earthqua
9、kes 21 4.2.3.1 Methodology for theoretical ground motion estimation 21 4.2.3.2 Recipe for strong ground motion estimation 23 4.2.3.3 Sedimentary structure model . 26 4.2.3.4 Examples of strong ground motion estimation 28 4.2.4 Deterministic approach - Ground motion estimation based on semi empirical
10、 approach 29 4.2.4.1 Outline . 29 4.2.4.2 Evaluation of site amplification factor . 31 4.2.4.3 Evaluation of strong ground motion 34 4.2.4.4 Example of application 39 4.3 Determination of earthquake ground motion to be used in site response analysis 43 4.3.1 Empirical and site simplified analysis ap
11、proach . 43 4.3.1.1 Simplified procedure of Seismic Deformation Method 43 4.3.1.2 Natural period of an example ground 45 4.3.1.3 Ground displacement 46 5 Second stage of specifying seismic actions. Seismic evaluation of geotechnical works demonstrated by design examples . 47 ISO/TR 12930:2014(E) iv
12、ISO 2014 All rights reserved5.1 Demonstrations of seismic evaluation using simplified and detailed analyses . 47 5.1.1 Simplified static and detailed dynamic analyses in design example of gravity quay wall in port 47 5.1.1.1 Purpose and functions 47 5.1.1.2 Performance objectives for seismic design
13、47 5.1.1.3 Reference earthquake motions . 48 5.1.1.4 Performance criteria and limit states . 48 5.1.1.5 Specific issues related to geotechnical works . 50 5.1.1.6 Procedure for determining seismic actions 50 5.1.1.7 Ground failure and other geotechnical hazards . 52 5.1.1.8 Spatial variation 55 5.1.
14、1.9 Types and models of analysis 55 5.1.1.10 Simplified equivalent static analysis . 57 5.1.1.11 Detailed equivalent static analysis . 61 5.1.1.12 Simplified dynamic analysis . 61 5.1.1.13 Detailed dynamic analysis 61 5.1.2 Highway bridge pile foundation . 64 5.1.2.1 Outline of the highway bridge .
15、64 5.1.2.2 Seismic performance requirements . 66 5.1.2.3 Input ground motions used in seismic design and analysis model of the entire bridge . 68 5.1.2.4 Seismic design of foundations . 71 5.1.3 Assessment of seismic performance of the Sutong Bridge, a long cable-stayed bridge (Pile foundation) . 79
16、 5.1.3.1 Bridge outline . 79 5.1.3.2 Design seismic ground motion and seismic performance 80 5.1.3.3 Seismic performance of foundations . 82 5.1.4 Earth fill dam 86 5.1.4.1 Purpose and functions 86 5.1.4.2 Performance objectives for seismic design 87 5.1.4.3 Procedure for determining seismic actions
17、 88 5.1.4.4 Soil properties and models for detailed dynamic analysis . 90 5.1.4.5 Simplified equivalent static analysis: Slip analysis results; . 93 5.1.4.1 Detailed dynamic analysis: Results of FEM dynamic analysis; 94 5.1.5 Gravity sea wall as coastal structure 97 5.1.5.1 Purpose and functions 97
18、5.1.5.2 Performance objectives for seismic design 97 5.1.5.3 Reference earthquake motions . 98 5.1.5.4 Performance criteria and limit states . 98 5.1.5.5 Specific issues related to geotechnical works . 100 5.1.5.6 Procedure for determining seismic actions 100 5.1.5.7 Earthquake ground motions . 100
19、5.1.5.8 Seismic coefficient determinations 102 5.1.5.9 Effects of soil liquefaction 105 5.1.5.10 Spatial variation 107 5.1.5.11 Procedure for specifying seismic actions . 107 5.2 Demonstrations evaluating and designing for ground displacement effects . 111 5.2.1 Pile foundations of railway bridges .
20、 111 5.2.1.1 Outline of railway bridge pier 111 5.2.1.2 Seismic performance requirements . 112 5.2.1.3 Reference earthquake ground motions . 115 5.2.1.4 Site response analysis and assessment of liquefaction potential . 117 5.2.1.5 Procedure for specifying seismic actions on piles 119 5.2.1.6 Simplif
21、ied equivalent static analysis - Seismic Deformation Method 120 5.2.2 Design and actual performance of pile foundation of high R/C smokestack on soft ground . 125 5.2.2.1 General remarks . 125 5.2.2.2 Purpose and functions 126 5.2.2.3 Performance objectives for seismic design and reference earthquak
22、e motions 126 5.2.2.4 Performance criteria and limit states . 127 5.2.2.5 Policy of determining seismic actions on superstructure and foundation for design . 129 5.2.2.6 Features of smokestack and geotechnical characterization . 131 ISO/TR 12930:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved v5.2.2.7 Models o
23、f simplified and detailed dynamic analyses for specifying seismic actions . 135 5.2.2.8 Results of detailed dynamic analyses . 138 5.2.2.9 Verification of models based on vibration tests . 139 5.2.2.10 Actual seismic behaviour of ground and smokestack 142 5.2.2.11 Verification of models based on str
24、ong motion records . 145 5.2.3 Shallow immersed rectangular tunnel in soft soils . 150 5.2.3.1 Thessaloniki immersed roadway tunnel . 150 5.2.3.2 Behaviour of longitudinal underground structures under seismic loading 151 5.2.3.3 Analysis methods 152 5.2.3.4 Determination of input motion . 153 5.2.3.
25、5 Simplified equivalent static analysis . 154 5.2.3.6 Detailed equivalent static analysis 156 5.2.3.7 Detailed full dynamic analysis 158 5.2.3.8 Results and discussion . 159 5.3 Demonstrations evaluating and designing for liquefaction effects . 161 5.3.1 Evaluation of 3D SSI effects of pile foundati
26、on of LNG tank model by detailed dynamic analyses . 161 5.3.1.1 Problem description 161 5.3.1.2 Results of analyses and discussion 162 5.3.1.3 Consideration of results into design . 166 5.3.2 Evaluation of 3-D effects of lattice-arranged numerous piles by detailed dynamic analyses . 166 5.3.2.1 Obje
27、ctives . 166 5.3.2.2 Results of analyses and discussion 166 5.3.3 Evaluation of pile-volume effects of a huge number of piles by detailed dynamic analyses . 169 5.3.3.1 Introduction 169 5.3.3.2 Results of analyses and discussion 169 5.3.3.3 Consideration of results into design . 170 5.4 Demonstratio
28、ns evaluating and designing for fault displacement effects . 171 5.4.1 Seismic design abstract of road embankment taking account of surface fault rupture . 171 5.4.1.1 Purpose and functions 171 5.4.1.2 Performance objectives and ground motions for seismic design . 172 5.4.1.3 Performance criteria 17
29、2 5.4.1.4 Procedure for determining seismic actions 172 5.4.1.5 Ground failure and other geotechnical hazards . 173 5.4.1.6 Types of analysis . 174 5.4.1.7 Simple static analysis 174 5.4.1.8 Detailed dynamic analysis 174 5.4.2 Shield tunnel subject to fault displacements (Detailed analysis) 176 5.4.
30、2.1 General remarks . 176 5.4.2.2 Soil conditions and shield tunnel 176 5.4.2.3 Estimation of fault displacement at base layer 176 5.4.2.4 Method of analysis and modelling nonlinear behaviour of soil 178 5.4.2.5 Results of analyses . 180 5.4.2.6 Influence of fault displacement to tunnel 183 5.4.3 De
31、sign considerations for a water pipeline access tunnel subject to earthquake hazards 184 5.4.3.1 Purpose and functions 184 5.4.3.2 Project description 184 5.4.3.3 Performance objectives and reference earthquake design levels . 186 5.4.3.4 Performance criteria 187 5.4.3.5 Specific issues related to g
32、eotechnical works . 187 5.4.3.6 Evaluation of earthquake ground motions and fault displacements . 188 5.4.3.7 Simplified equivalent static analysis . 192 Annex A (informative) Conformity with provisional sentences in ISO 23469 . 201 A.1 General . 201 ISO/TR 12930:2014(E) vi ISO 2014 All rights reser
33、vedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
34、a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matt
35、ers of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This do
36、cument was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
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39、he committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 98, Bases for design of structures, sous-comit SC 3, Loads, forces and other actions. ISO/TR 12930:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved viiIntroduction ISO 23469:2005 provides guidelines to be observed by experienced practicing engineers and code
40、writers when specifying seismic actions in the design of geotechnical works. It might not be so easy for code writers and practitioners to utilize ISO 23469, because that it offers advanced philosophy and general framework of seismic design. The purpose of this Technical Report (TR) is to provide se
41、ismic design examples based on ISO 23469 for demonstrating how to utilize ISO 23469 in actual seismic designs to the code writers and the practitioners. The implementation of ISO 23469 will secure the rationality of seismic safety evaluation of the infrastructures in the world, and this TR aims at p
42、romoting the implementation. ISO 23469 is essentially a guideline itself. Therefore, this TR should contain not explicit guidelines but design examples without using the term guideline. Thus, this TR is expected to demonstrate the utilization of ISO 23469 by providing design examples with detailed e
43、xplanation from the viewpoint of conformity with ISO 23469 for a kind of guidance rather than to provide the detailed recommendation of specific methodologies. Through the development of this Technical Report, it is concluded that ISO 23469 has been and is going to be an essential and useful guideli
44、ne of seismic design of geotechnical works for experienced practicing engineers and code writers. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 12930:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1Seismic design examples based on ISO 23469 1 Scope This Technical Report provides seismic design examples for geotechnical works based
45、 on ISO 23469:2005 in order to demonstrate how to use this ISO standard. The design examples are intended to provide guidance to experienced practicing engineers and code writers. Geotechnical works include buried structures (e.g. buried tunnels, box culverts, pipelines, and underground storage faci
46、lities), foundations (e.g. shallow and deep foundations, and underground diaphragm walls), retaining walls (e.g. soil retaining and quay walls), pile- supported wharves and piers, earth structures (e.g. earth and rock fill dams and embankments), gravity dams, tanks, landfill and waste sites. ISO 234
47、69 addresses important issues for seismic actions for designing geotechnical works, including effects of site-specific response, ground displacement, soil-structure interaction and liquefaction, in a systematic manner within a consistent framework. This International Standard presents a full range o
48、f methods for the analysis of geotechnical works, ranging from simple to sophisticated, from which experienced practicing engineers can choose the most appropriate option for evaluating their performance. Therefore, this Technical Report includes well-chosen design examples that consider these impor
49、tant issues and covering in a balanced way the wide range of the methods of analysis and the types of model which can be used to evaluate seismic actions of geotechnical works. 2 Purpose and policy of collecting design examples 2.1 Purpose of collecting well-chosen examples This Technical Report aims at collecting design examples that are basically conformable with ISO 23469. They are expected to be design examples dealing with important things need to be covered in ISO 23469 from the point of view of performance-based design approach. This TR should be
