1、TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 14569-1 First edition 2007-05-15 Reference number ISO/TR 14569-1:2007(E) ISO 2007 Dental materials Guidance on testing of wear Part 1: Wear by toothbrushing Produits dentaires Recommandations relatives aux essais de rsistance lusure Partie 1: Usure par brossage des dentsISO/T
2、R 14569-1:2007(E) ii ISO 2007 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer
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7、 rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a
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11、ed as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be
12、 no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR14569-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC106, Dentistry, S
13、ubcommittee SC2, Prosthodontic materials. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO/TS 14569-1:1999, which has been technically revised. ISO/TR 14569 consists of the following parts, under the general title Dental materials Guidance on testing of wear: Part 1: Wear by toothbrushing Part 2: Wear by
14、 two- and/or three body contactISO/TR 14569-1:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved Introduction It is well understood that the wear mechanisms in the mouth are very complex. In addition they may differ from one individual to another. Therefore it appears impossible to reproduce these varying cond
15、itions in a single wear test. As a consequence, many wear tests have been proposed in dental science. Most of them consider mainly one specific aspect of the different mechanisms, and some of them even claim to be able to characterize the wear resistance of dental materials completely. However, thes
16、e procedures are not really comparable because of the different wear mechanisms considered, and the lack of a generally accepted test method. It therefore makes sense to utilize laboratory tests, investigating the various wear aspects arising separately under clinical conditions. They may determine
17、wear, only for the clinical situation in which the same wear mechanism dominates; but it might be possible to predict the complete clinical wear by a number of different test methods. In this part of ISO/TR 14569, wear by tooth brushing is considered. This is one aspect of the wear problem and may o
18、nly be important for materials exposed to tooth brushing, such as materials used on labial surfaces. The intention of this part of ISO/TR 14569 is to define conditions for the various existing laboratory tests so that they can deliver comparable results and can be used for at least a screening of di
19、fferent materials.TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 14569-1:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Dental materials Guidance on testing of wear Part 1: Wear by toothbrushing 1S c o p e This part of ISO/TR 14569 provides guidelines for test methods for the assessment of resistance to wear by tooth brushing for
20、 the following materials: materials used for the preparation of artificial teeth; veneering of crowns and bridges. This part of ISO/TR 14569 does not cover phenomena such as the marginal degradation and loss of substance by chemical processes, swelling, splintering of edges or wear from contact with
21、 the antagonist. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1183-
22、1:2004, Plastics Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method ISO 1942-2:1989, Dental vocabulary Part 2: Dental materials ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods ISO 1160
23、9:1995, Dentistry Toothpastes Requirements, test methods and marking 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1942-2 and the following apply. 3.1 wear loss of substance by the action of the toothbrush in combination with toothpaste NOTE Such w
24、ear is a type of three-body wear. 4 Test method 4.1 General test conditions The specimens should be tested at . (23 2) CISO/TR 14569-1:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reserved 4.2 Apparatus and materials 4.2.1 Test machine, with at least two equivalent stations for specimens and provision for meeting
25、the following requirements: a) the load that presses the brush against the specimen is between and ; b) the temperature of the toothpaste slurry is kept at . 4.2.2 Analytical balance, with an accuracy of . 4.2.3 Ultrasonic water bath, containing deionized water (4.2.5) and of a detergent such as sod
26、ium lauryl sulfate. 4.2.4 Toothbrushes, in accordance with reference 1, with a stiffness of to , index 7. 4.2.5 Deionized water, of grade 3 in accordance with ISO 3696:1987. 4.2.6 Toothpaste, in accordance with ISO 11609:1995, main text or A.3.6. Prepare an abrasive slurry from a mixture of toothpas
27、te and deionized water (4.2.5) in the ratio of of water to of toothpaste. 4.2.7 Five reference specimens, made from a linear uncrosslinked and unplasticized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) reference material with a molecular weight over 1 000 000. 4.3 Preparation of test specimens Prepare specimens
28、 of the dental material under test in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Use a mould designed according to the requirements of the test machine. Prepare at least six specimens. Prepare reference specimens of PMMA (4.2.7) in the same manner. The dimensions of the reference specimens shou
29、ld not differ by more than from the corresponding dimensions of the test specimens. The surfaces of the specimens which are exposed to the tooth brushing should be flat and wet-ground with grade 1 000 silicon carbide paper. Condition all test specimens and reference specimens (4.2.7) in water at for
30、 prior to the test. 4.4 Determination of density After the specimens have been conditioned in water at for , determine the density, , of the test material and of the reference material in accordance with ISO 1183-1:2004 (Method A) to an accuracy of two decimal places. In this test, the density of th
31、e plastic objects is determined by Archimedes principle. 4.5 Test procedure Remove the specimens from the water bath and rinse them with tap water. Clean them afterwards for in an ultrasonic bath (4.2.3). Remove the specimens individually from the ultrasonic bath and dab them with blotting paper or
32、a drying cloth until free from visible moisture. Then wave each specimen in the air for after removal from the water and weigh to an accuracy of (mass ). Fix the specimens in the wear test machine (4.2.1), cover them with abrasive slurry (4.2.6) and use the toothbrushes (4.2.4) to effect wear for a
33、given time, long enough that the change in mass of the reference material specimen is at least . 0,5 N 2,5 N (23 3) C 0,1 mg 1% 9 cN/mm 2 10 cN/mm 2 2g 1g 0,2 mm (37 1) C 7d 37 C 7d ref 1 min 15 s 1 min 0,1 mg m 1 2mgISO/TR 14569-1:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 Test at least five specimens
34、of each test material and reference material. Each run may contain more than one type of material. If more than one material is to be tested, each run should contain the test material(s) and the reference material. After the wear test, remove all specimens from the machine and subject them to the sa
35、me cleaning and drying as above. Again weigh the specimens after removal from the water to an accuracy of (mass ). 5 Calculation and expression of results 5.1 Calculate the loss in mass (worn mass) for each test specimen, , and the reference specimen, , in milligrams, to the nearest , using the equa
36、tions: where is the mass of the reference material specimen before the test; is the mass of the reference material specimen after the test. 5.2 Calculate the loss in volume (worn volume) from each test specimen, , and reference specimen, , using the equations: where is the density of the test materi
37、al; is the density of the reference material. 5.3 Calculate the relative worn volume, , from the following equation, using the mean values for andfor each individual run. If there are large differences in the values from one test run to the next, the values should be calculated for each individual r
38、un. 6 Test report The test report should contain at least the following information: a) reference to this Technical Report i. e., ISO/TR 14569-1:2007; b) the reference material (e.g. Plexiglas/Perspex/Acrylite) and any specification to characterize the material if available; c) the mean value of the
39、 worn volume, , and number of samples of the test material; d) the mean value of the worn volume, , and number of samples of the reference material; 1 min 0,1 mg m 2 m m ref 0,1 mg m = m 1 m 2 m ref = m 1ref m 2ref m 1ref m 2ref V V ref V = m V ref = m ref ref ref V relw V V ref V relw (%)= V 100 V
40、ref m V relw V V refISO/TR 14569-1:2007(E) 4 ISO 2007 All rights reserved e) the mean value and the range of values of the relative worn volume, ; f) the density, , of the test material; g) the density, , of the reference material; h) the toothpaste used in the test; i) the toothbrush used in the te
41、st and how often it was changed during the test; j) any change made in the test procedure as described in Clause 4; k) the date of test; l) the responsible person and signature. V relw refISO/TR 14569-1:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 5 Bibliography 1 ISO 8627, Dentistry Stiffness of the tufted area of tooth-brushesISO/TR 14569-1:2007(E) ICS 11.060.10 Price based on 5 pages ISO 2007 All rights reserved
