1、 ISO 2017 Fire safety engineering Examples of fire safety objectives, functional requirements and safety criteria Ingnierie de la scurit incendie Exemples dobjectifs de scurit incendie, dexigences fonctionnelles et de critres de scurit TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16576 Reference number ISO/TR 16576:2017
2、(E) First edition 2017-06 ISO/TR 16576:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic o
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4、neva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/TR 16576:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Examples from France, New Zealand and Japan 2 Annex A (informative) Example of fire safety desig
5、n objectives and functional requirements in France 3 Annex B (informative) Example of fire safety design objectives and functional requirements in New Zealand 11 Annex C (informative) Example of fire safety design objectives and functional requirements in Japan 23 Annex D (informative) Examples of p
6、erformance safety criteria for verification of compliance with functional requirements for individual buildings in Japan 42 Bibliography .86 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/TR 16576:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
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13、t was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 4, Fire safety engineering.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 16576:2017(E) Introduction The vast majority of fire safety designs rely on prescriptive specifications written into regional, national, or local regulation
14、s. Currently, various engineering approaches are also allowed by these regulations, although information needed for an engineering approach is still generally obtained from conventional test methods. Fire safety engineering (FSE) is a discipline increasingly being used throughout the world in suppor
15、t of performance-based design, i.e. the reliance on engineering methods to determine whether a given design meets stated performance objectives. ISO 23932 provides general principles for a performance-based methodology for engineers to assess the level of fire safety for new or existing built enviro
16、nments. Fire safety is evaluated through an engineered approach based on the quantification of the behaviour of fire and people and based on knowledge of the consequences of such behaviour on life safety, property and the environment. The difference between prescriptive and performance-based approac
17、hes to fire safety design is highlighted in ISO 23932 by emphasizing the development of quantifiable fire safety design objectives and related functional requirements as the first step in a performance-based analysis. According to ISO 23932, the fire safety objectives include, for example, safety of
18、 life, conservation of property, continuity of operations, protection of the environment and preservation of heritage. In ISO 23932, it is also mentioned that explicit performance criteria should be developed for each functional requirement. Performance criteria are engineering metrics that are expr
19、essed in deterministic or probabilistic (e.g. measures of fire risk) form to determine if each functional requirement has been satisfied by the fire safety design. As a preliminary work prior to producing ISO standardized documents for fire safety objectives, functional requirements and safety crite
20、ria, ISO/TC 92/SC 4 decides to collect the examples of those from the existing documents that have been developed in different countries in the course of moving towards performance-based fire safety design. So far, three countries have responded to the solicitation for such documents, i.e. Japan, Fr
21、ance and New Zealand. The development of these documents, as summarized below, was motivated by the attempts to rationalize the existing fire safety design practices based on prescriptive building by making use of fire safety engineering methods. Japan: First developed by the Building Research Insti
22、tute during the Ministry of Constructions project for developing a performance-based fire safety design method, 1981 to 1986, and subsequently improved by the committee on fire safety design in Architectural Institute of Japan, of which the report was published in 2000. France: Developed in the coll
23、aborative research project to establish the bases to introduce fire safety engineering into fire safety design, which was conducted with the sponsorship of French ministry for construction and home office from 2005 to 2011, involving research institutes, fire brigades, practitioners, designers and o
24、wners. New Zealand: Developed by a working group made up of external fire experts and staff from the regulatory agency. The group was set up to research and develop a suitable fire safety design framework, in the course of amending the New Zealand Building Codes corresponding to the introduction of
25、the Building Act 2004. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v Fire safety engineering Examples of fire safety objectives, functional requirements and safety criteria 1 Scope This document compiles examples of fire safety design objectives, functional requirements and safety criteria from Japan, France and N
26、ew Zealand. 2 Normative references There are no normative references in this document. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electr
27、opedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 3.1 functional requirements statement of the means to achieve specified fire safety objectives, taking into account the features of a built environment Note 1 to entry: Ma
28、ndatory functional requirements are required by building codes or national regulations; voluntary functional requirements are expressed by other interested/affected parties. 3.2 mandatory objectives fire safety objectives, such as life safety and protection of the environment, which are required by
29、building codes or national regulations 3.3 performance criteria quantitative engineering specifications, which form an agreed basis for assessing the safety of a built environment design 3.4 safety factor multiplicative adjustment applied to calculated values to compensate for uncertainty in methods
30、, calculations, input data and assumptions 3.5 verification process of determining that a fire safety design complies with the fire safety requirements by examining the design in the light of safety criteria 3.6 voluntary objectives fire safety objectives, which are requirements expressed by interes
31、ted/affected parties, beyond mandatory objectives TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16576:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 16576:2017(E) 4 Examples from France, New Zealand and Japan Annexes A to D contain examples of fire safety objectives, functional requirements and safety criteria from France
32、, New Zealand and Japan.2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 16576:2017(E) Annex A (informative) Example of fire safety design objectives and functional requirements in France A.1 Introduction Fire safety design in France for life safety and property protection is mainly prescriptive and managed by
33、 regulation. Even if there are already partial openings to fire safety engineering, since only some years ago it has become increasingly obvious that more involvement in fire safety engineering need to be made in French fire safety regulations. In mid-2005, a collaborative research project was set u
34、p, with the sponsorship of French ministry for construction and home office, involving different partners including research institutes, fire brigades, practitioners, designers and owners. The research project, which ended by mid-2011, was divided into 18 main items, clustered in three main parts: D
35、evelopment of general principles for FSE assessment: FSE methodology; objectives and performance criteria; fire risk assessment; design fire and behavioural scenarios; verification of the methodology by examples; validation by reconstructions of fire incidents. State-of-the-art and research projects
36、 regarding: statistical analysis of fuel load density; characterization of burning items; fire development and spread; structural behaviour calculations; fire containment; behaviour at elevated temperature of regular glazing; fire protection; human behaviour. Communication and dissemination: teachin
37、g of FSE in universities or high schools for engineers; information and awareness of actors involved in FSE; publication of outcomes; ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TR 16576:2017(E) proposals for regulation improvements. A translation of the general principles developed within the scope of this
38、collaborative research is given in this document. The performance-based structure consists of the three following levels: fire safety objectives; functional requirements; performance criteria. Fire safety objectives which are explicitly or implicitly mentioned in French regulations (for public build
39、ings, tall buildings, work places, warehouses, industrial plants, etc.) were identified. Functional requirements were selected mainly by brain storming among the members who joined this research project. A few examples of vulnerability criteria have been given, involving life safety objectives and r
40、equirements, and focusing on what should be “adequate tenability conditions”. Performance criteria proposed were derived from some national or international research works or standards. A.2 General A.2.1 Purpose This document provides examples of fire safety objectives, functional requirements and p
41、erformance criteria for interested parties involved in a performance-based approach to assess the level of fire safety of a built environment. The development of quantifiable fire safety objectives is the first step in a performance-based analysis. This is an alternative to prescribed regulatory req
42、uirements, giving more freedom in the design of built environments, a better cost/benefit within sustainability development, while retaining equal or higher level of safety performance compared with the prescribed approach. A.2.2 Scope The examples developed in this document can apply when performin
43、g the fire safety engineering process for a whole built environment or part of it, and for new or existing buildings. They can be used when the performance-based approach is considered as an alternative to a prescriptive acceptable solution (in this case, performance criteria are not defined but rel
44、ative to the performance reached by the acceptable solution when considering the selected fire safety objectives and functional requirements). These objectives can be used as either mandatory or voluntary fire design objectives, depending on the regulatory requirements which need to be fulfilled. It
45、 is necessary to have an agreement on any assumptions taken for objectives, functional requirements and performance criteria (when they are not explicitly given in the regulation) from authorities having jurisdiction, prior to performing the assessment work as such. A.2.3 Terms and definitions A.2.3
46、.1 compartment enclosed space, which may be subdivided, separated from adjoining spaces by fire barriers A.2.3.2 media impact qualitative value of exposure through a given medium4 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TR 16576:2017(E) A.2.3.3 safe refuge temporary location that is free from immediate dan
47、ger from effects of fire A.2.3.4 strategic function capacity or resource of an entity or an organization that maintains its ability to achieve future outcomes and determines its long-term performance A.2.3.5 sudden change transition within a few seconds A.2.3.6 untenable condition condition such tha
48、t people are unable to take effective action to accomplish their own escape to a place of safe refuge A.2.4 Symbols and abbreviated terms Shown below are the abbreviated terms that are used in this document. FNR functional requirement FSE fire safety engineering OBJ objective A.3 Fire safety objecti
49、ves The fire safety objectives which need to be addressed in design of a building can be related to the safety of life, property, environment, continuity of operations, or cultural heritage. The different categories of objectives are summarized below. OBJ 1: Health and life safety Life safety is often the most important objective of fire safety design. It first involves occupants of the building and may extend to firefighters who are expected to assist in evacuation or prevent extensive
