1、 Reference number ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) ISO 2003TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16764 First edition 2003-09-15 Lifts, escalators and passenger conveyors Comparison of worldwide standards on electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility Ascenseurs, escaliers mcaniques et trottoirs roulants Compar
2、aison des normes mondiales relatives linterfrence lectromagntique/la compatibilit lectromagntique ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefa
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7、erland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedISO/TR 16764:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 0 Introduction . v 0.1 Background . v 0.2 Understanding electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC) . v 1 Scope 1 2 Electromagnetic interference/electromagnet
8、ic compatibility standards 1 2.1 Background . 1 2.2 CISPR/IEC 1 2.3 National committees/standards. 3 2.4 CENELEC . 5 2.5 Military 5 3 Sources of electromagnetic disturbances .5 3.1 General. 5 3.2 Classification of electromagnetic interference (EMI) 6 3.3 Typical EMC phenomena 7 4 EMI/EMC comparison
9、. 11 4.1 Emissions standards comparison 11 4.2 Susceptibility/immunity standards comparison 11 5 Test and measurement requirements .11 6 Future development 12 6.1 Europe 12 6.2 China 13 6.3 United States . 13 7 Observations and recommendations13 7.1 General. 13 7.2 Emission 14 7.3 Immunity 14 Annex
10、A (normative) Conducted and radiated emission limits. 15 Annex B (normative) Susceptibility/Immunity. 26 Annex C (normative) Emissions/Immunity 30 Annex D (informative) EMI/EMC units 34 Annex E (informative) Frequency spectrum 35 Bibliography . 36 ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reserved
11、Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a t
12、echnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters
13、 of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulate
14、d to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an Internationa
15、l Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or u
16、seful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 16764 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 178, Lifts, escalators, passenger conv
17、eyors. ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved v0 Introduction 0.1 Background International standardizing bodies such as IEC, ISO, CISPR, CENELEC, have been involved in drawing up common normative and technical documents to bring international markets closer together. At the 1996 plenary m
18、eeting of ISO/TC 178, it was decided to carry out a comparison between various national and international electrical requirements applicable to lifts (elevators) and escalators. The first objective was to identify and compare the major EMC requirements applicable in the countries of the Working Grou
19、p members (Resolution 1996/134). The content of this Technical Report is based on the information provided by ISO/TC 178/WG 8 members. 0.2 Understanding electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC) An electromagnetic disturbance (noise that is not sinusoidal or unwanted signa
20、l) is any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a device, equipment or system. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is the degradation in the performance of a device, equipment or system caused by an electromagnetic disturbance. The cause of EMI is unplanned coupling between
21、a source and a receptor by means of a transmission path. Transmission paths may be conducted or radiated. See, for example, Figure 1. The ability of the device, equipment or system to function satisfactorily in an electromagnetic environment, without introducing intolerable disturbances to that envi
22、ronment is called electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). EMC has three elements: a) a source of energy b) a receptor that is disrupted by this energy c) a coupling path between the source of energy and receptor. Methods of coupling electromagnetic energy from a source to a receptor fall into one of fo
23、ur categories: a) conducted (electric current) b) inductively coupled (magnetic field) c) capacitively coupled (electric field) d) radiated (electromagnetic field). ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) vi ISO 2003 All rights reservedKey 1 source 2 receptor 3 cable 4 power line aPath 1: direct radiation from source
24、to receptor. bPath 2: direct radiation from source, picked up by cables (power, signal and control) connected to the receptor, which reaches the receptor via conduction path. cPath 3: EMI radiated by cables (power, signal or control) of the source. dPath 4: EMI conducted from source to receptor via
25、cables (common power supply, signal/control). NOTE 1 Source: Engineering EMC-IEEE Press. NOTE 2 EMI carried by power/signal/control cables that are connected to the source can be coupled to the power/signal/control cables of the receptor, especially when cable harnesses are bundled, even when common
26、 power/signal/control cables do not exist. Figure 1 Mechanisms of electromagnetic interference TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Lifts, escalators and passenger conveyors Comparison of worldwide standards on electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility
27、 1 Scope This Technical Report consists of a comparison of electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC) worldwide standards of interest to the lift industry. 2 Electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic compatibility standards 2.1 Background With the advent of radio broadca
28、st transmission in the 1920s, the interference from radio noise (i.e. electromagnetic noise) became a concern of engineers in Europe and North America and many technical papers were beginning to be published dealing with electromagnetic interference (EMI). Early studies showed that motor driven appl
29、iances, switches, automobile ignitions, electric traction and electrical power lines, among other sources, caused radio interference. 2.2 CISPR/IEC In 1933 the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR, Comit International Spcial de Perturbations Radiolectriques) was formed as a r
30、esult of a joint effort of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Union of Broadcasting. The first meeting of CISPR was held in 1934 to address limits of EMI and methods of measurement. Following World War II, the United States, Canada and Australia started to part
31、icipate in CISPR. Subsequently countries from Asia and other parts of the world also started participating in CISPR. The emphasis initially was on getting agreement on measurement procedures and instrumentation for the protection of radio services with particular emphasis on radio broadcasting. The
32、subject of acceptable performance limits was left to a later date. IEC/TC 65 was formed in the early 1960s and was also concerned with EMC requirements. In 1974, the IEC established a new technical committee (IEC/TC 77) to cover EMC subjects not generally dealt with by the CISPR, in particular, immu
33、nity characteristics of all kinds of equipment and emission phenomena below 9 kHz, the lower end of the radio frequency spectrum. The organization of these committees in the IEC is shown in Figure 2. In formal structure, the CISPR is a separate organization from the IEC. However it should be noted t
34、hat the plenary is constituted of representation from various international organizations, as well as by the National Committees of the IEC. In the IEC council, only the National Committees are represented. Also, the publications of the CISPR are issued by the IEC, and the operational procedures are
35、 identical in most respects. ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reservedFigure 2 Organization of CISPR and IEC technical committees responsible for EMI/EMC standards ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 32.3 National committees/standards 2.3.1 When the CISPR was organized, natio
36、nal regulatory agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the US, the British Standards Institution (BSI) in the UK, Fernmelde Technisches Zentralamt (FTZ) in Germany, Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) in Japan and similar institutions in other countries also sta
37、rted promulgating interference control limits applicable in their respective countries. 2.3.2 The China Technical Committee of Standardization of Radio Interference (CTCSRI) was established in 1981 under the leadership of the China State Bureau of Technical and Quality Supervision. One of its tasks
38、is to study the IEC/CISPR EMC/EMI standards and develop Chinas own EMC/EMI standards. There are eight subcommittees from A to G and S which concern respectively test instrument, ISM equipment, mobile, radio receiver, household appliances and electric tools, office equipment, and radio and non-radio
39、systems. In 1993, GB/T13926 was published which is equivalent to IEC 60801. Currently, there are more than forty EMC/EMI standards published covering limits, test methods and related aspects such as site requirements and personal hazards. There is a concerted effort in China to move towards those of
40、 the IEC/CISPR. 2.3.3 In the United States commercial EMC standards activities are coordinated through the efforts of ANSI Accredited Standards Committee C63 for which the Institute of Electrical Class B: for use in a residential environment. ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) 4 ISO 2003 All rights reservedFigure
41、 3 Structure of American National Standards Committee C63 Harmful interference is defined as any emission, radiation or induction that may endanger the functioning of a radio navigation service or other safety services or which seriously degrades, obstructs or repeatedly interrupts a radio communica
42、tions service operating in accordance with the regulations. Although there are no requirements for susceptibility the “parties responsible for equipment compliances” are advised to consider susceptibility to interference (e.g. by proximity to high power broadcast stations). Devices are required to b
43、ear the following statement (label): “This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesir
44、ed operation.” ANSI standards: Although the American national standards are based on broad consensus of the manufacturers and users, they are nevertheless only recommendations. There is no provision to enforce compliance on a mandatory basis. ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 52.4 CE
45、NELEC Within the European Community, the European Standards Committee for Electrical Products CENELEC Comit Europen de Normalisation lectrotechnique, set up in 1973, is responsible for bringing out harmonized European standards for electrical products. The CENELEC EMC standards are generally identic
46、al to CISPR and IEC/TC77 recommendations or contain usually minor “common modifications”. CENELEC implements IEC results in Europe in a uniform manner by common agreement of its members. The subcommittee responsible for EMC is IEC/TC 210. 2.5 Military Military interest in the field of electromagneti
47、c interference and techniques to control it, has led to important advances in understanding EMI and the technology to achieve EMC. Although the armed forces in several countries documented and published their own standards for limiting EMI, the work by the US military (MIL standards) continues to le
48、ad the way in this field. 3 Sources of electromagnetic disturbances 3.1 General Electromagnetic disturbances can be generated intentionally (e.g. telecommunication equipment), non- intentionally (e.g. interactions in circuits and systems) or by natural sources (e.g. atmospheric lightning, electrosta
49、tic discharge). Potential sources of electromagnetic compatibility problems include radio transmitters, power lines, electronic circuits, lightning, lamp dimmers, electric motors, arc welders, solar flares and just about anything that utilizes or creates electromagnetic energy. An overview of electromagnetic sources is shown in Figure 4. ISO/TR 16764:2003(E) 6 ISO 2003 All rights reservedCommunication/ Oscillators Atmospherics Cosmic/Galactic Radar/Navigation Switches Lightning noise equipment Motors Fluoresc
