1、 ISO 2017 Plastics Development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests for plastics products Part 2: Use of intermediate-scale tests for semi-finished and finished products Plastiques Dveloppement et utilisation des essais au feu une chelle intermdiaire pour les produits plastiques Partie 2: Utilis
2、ation des essais une chelle intermdiaire pour les produits semi-finis et les produits finis TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 15791-2 Reference number ISO/TS 15791-2:2017(E) First edition 2017-06 ISO/TS 15791-2:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in S
3、witzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can b
4、e requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/TS 15791-2:2017(E)Foreword iv Introdu
5、ction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Different applications of intermediate-scale fire tests . 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Pre-selection tests on semi-finished products 3 4.3 End-product tests . 3 5 Types of plastics and typical products . 4 5.1 Generic types 4 5.2 Ty
6、pical products 4 5.2.1 General 4 5.2.2 Complex products ready for assembly for an end-use application 5 5.2.3 Profiled products . 5 6 Method of preparation and mounting of test specimens . 5 6.1 General method of preparation and mounting of test specimens 5 6.1.1 Finished products . 5 6.1.2 Substrat
7、es 5 6.1.3 Backing boards 6 6.1.4 Joint . 6 6.1.5 Fixing of test specimens to substrates 6 6.1.6 Air gap between test specimen and backing board . 7 6.2 Preparation and mounting method for specific types of products 7 6.2.1 Boards/sheets 7 6.2.2 Surface coatings 7 6.2.3 Joints and sealing materials
8、for joints and other arrangements 7 6.2.4 Insulation materials 7 6.2.5 Composites 8 6.2.6 Pipe and pipe insulation 8 6.2.7 Roof lights and light diffusers . 9 6.2.8 Curtain walling 9 7 Matters relevant for semi-finished or finished plastic products 9 7.1 Sample conditioning and test specimen prepara
9、tion 9 7.2 Practical advice on operating procedures in the event of test specimen collapse or deformation on exposure to heat from standard ignition sources 9 7.3 Problemsolving approaches to complications caused by melting effects in thermoplastics .10 7.4 Intumescence 10 7.5 Slumping of the thermo
10、plastic sheets .10 7.6 Flaming debris 10 7.7 Profiled products11 Annex A (normative) Preparation and use of test specimens with relevance to product end- use conditions 12 Bibliography .14 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/TS 15791-2:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organizat
11、ion for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established h
12、as the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The
13、 procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the ed
14、itorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any paten
15、t rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. F
16、or an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: w w
17、 w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 4, Burning behaviour. A list of all parts in the ISO 15791 series can be found on the ISO website.iv ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TS 15791-2:2017(E) Introduction The major
18、 benefit in intermediate-scale testing is the ability to reflect more accurately the fire conditions of real fires than small-scale tests. For example: Specimen mounting. Specimens can incorporate end-use fixings, joints and air-gaps (see Annex A) in the larger test apparatus. In addition, thick and
19、/or profiled products may be accommodated. This capability is valuable for testing thick multilayer composites (such as sandwich structures). It is also useful for testing profiled product such as pipes, pipe insulations, cable trays, GRP frames and similar products. Test specimen size and orientati
20、on. Intermediate-scale tests allow to evaluate fire growth. The ability to measure flame spread beyond the impingement zone of the ignition source is a desirable feature. Observation of actual phenomena of products (especially thermoplastics) exposed to ignition sources. Representative behaviour may
21、 be observed with intermediate-scale test specimens. The test results may be useful to the manufacturers of the products and regulation authorities 9 . However, intermediate-scale tests may have the following disadvantages because of their large scale. Intermediate-scale tests may develop an increas
22、ed amount of fire effluent. Intermediate-scale tests may require higher cost. An intermediate-scale test may limit the fire scenario and cannot realize a wide range of fire behaviours. An intermediate-scale test can be used as a screening test for large-scale tests for the purpose of research and pr
23、oduct development. In addition to the usage mentioned above, this document has been prepared for manufacturers of semi-finished plastics products. These semi-finished products may be tested for production control or developmental reasons. They cannot always be tested in the end-use conditions (such
24、as mounting and fixing) that are appropriate for finished products. This document is intended to support the information that product manufacturers may require as part of a quality assurance scheme. In addition, it should be recognized that this document is not intended to replace finished product t
25、echnical specifications for products containing a semi-finished plastics component. The information given in this document is in accordance with the principles recommended in ISO 10840 that was established to develop a general policy and philosophy for the development and use of fire tests for plast
26、ics. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v Plastics Development and use of intermediate-scale fire tests for plastics products Part 2: Use of intermediate-scale tests for semi-finished and finished products 1 Scope This document provides guidelines and specifies requirements for the development and use of
27、intermediate-scale fire tests applicable to semi-finished and finished products made of, or containing, plastics. This document covers typical applications of such tests, as well as methods of preparation and mounting of test specimens. This document applies to planar, linear or profiled plastics pr
28、oducts. These products can be tested in horizontal or vertical orientation. This document defines the parameters to be measured, the way that test results are expected to be reported and explains how they can be used for direct product assessment or as input data for scaling studies. 2 Normative ref
29、erences The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments
30、) applies. ISO 834-12, Fire resistance tests Elements of building construction Part 12: Specific requirements for separating elements evaluated on less than full scale furnaces ISO 5658-2:2006, Reaction to fire tests Spread of flame Part 2: Lateral spread on building and transport products in vertic
31、al configuration ISO 10840, Plastics Guidance for the use of standard fire tests ISO 13943, Fire safety Vocabulary ISO 14697 , Reaction-to-fire tests Guidance on the choice of substrates for building and transport products ISO 25762, Plastics Guidance on the assessment of the fire characteristics an
32、d fire performance of fibre- reinforced polymer composites ISO 30021, Plastics Burning behaviour Intermediate-scale fire-resistance testing of fibre-reinforced polymer composites 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 10840 and ISO 13943 and
33、 the following apply. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 15791-2:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TS 15791-2:2017(E) ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online
34、 browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 3.1 end-use application real application of a product including method of installation 3.2 finished product manufactured article ready for end-use 3.3 intermediate-scale fire test fire test performed on a test specimen of smaller dimensi
35、ons than the final end-use product/system 3.4 pre-selection test test which provides data for the process of assessing and choosing candidate materials, components or subassemblies for making an end-product 3.5 product parameter aspect of a product which may vary and which may have an influence on t
36、he products fire performance EXAMPLE Thickness, composition and density. 3.6 profiled product homogenous product with a non-planar surface 3.7 sample representative part of a manufactured product or piece of a material or semi-finished product 3.8 semi-finished product manufactured article ready for
37、 assembly for an end-use application 3.9 test specimen test piece that may be cut from a sample of a product, or prepared by moulding or otherwise, as specified by the test procedure, or a representative sample of the product itself 4 Different applications of intermediate-scale fire tests 4.1 Gener
38、al The intermediate-scale fire test can be used for direct product assessment when a test specimen of a finished product can be tested in end-use conditions. Intermediate-scale tests can evaluate several parameters such as ignitability, flame spread, orientation and the mounting effects of products.
39、 These parameters may be used to indicate the behaviour of products in large-scale or full-scale fire tests. An intermediate-scale tests may be used as a pre-selection test to evaluate the influence of product parameters on the fire behaviour of semi- finished products and to aid the development pro
40、cess, and2 ISO 2017 All rights reserved ISO/TS 15791-2:2017(E) to evaluate, as far as possible, end-use conditions. The ways in which different types of tests are used are explained in the following subclauses. 4.2 Pre-selection tests on semi-finished products An intermediate-scale test can be used
41、as a pre-selection test to aid the selection of materials, components and sub-assemblies during the design stage when small-scale tests are not appropriate because of the complexity of the product, and to study the influence of product parameters on the fire behaviour of the products. 4.3 End-produc
42、t tests If it is possible to reproduce the end-use of a product, then the test can be used for end-product testing. These tests should reflect the end-use application scenario as far as is possible. Important factors to consider include relevance of configuration, orientation, ventilation and the na
43、ture of the ignition source. Reaction-to-fire testing for fire safety and for fire hazard assessment of products should be programmed as follows: a) define the relevant product-application (or misuse) scenario; b) specify the fire hazard to be assessed (e.g. vision impairment by smoke) and the requi
44、red safety criteria; c) select the appropriate test method; d) conduct the tests and analyse the data with respect to the defined criteria; e) select acceptable or unacceptable for the candidate materials or products. Intermediate-scale fire test methods permit measurement of the principal fire para
45、meters (ignitability, spread of flame, heat release, ignited droplets and smoke). NOTE A guide for extended application is found in EN/TS 15117 8 . Table 1 summarizes which test methods with a test specimen size of less than 1 m 2can be used and which measurements are possible. ISO 2017 All rights r
46、eserved 3 ISO/TS 15791-2:2017(E) Table 1 Examples of the applicability of intermediate-scale fire tests Use/requirements Test methods ISO 9239-1 ISO 9239-2 ISO 5658-4 a ISO 21367 ISO 14696 Preselection test Only for flat products Yes Yes Yes End-product test Only for horizontal flat products Only fo
47、r vertical product Adaptation of test specimen for profiled product Only for vertical product Adaptation of test specimen for profiled product Only for vertical product Adaptation of test specimen for profiled product Additional parameters Possible presence of joints Possible presence of joints Poss
48、ible presence of joints Possible presence of joints Requirements for ignitability Yes Yes Yes Yes Requirements for spread of flame Only lateral spread of flame Lateral and vertical spread of flame Lateral and vertical spread of flame Vertical spread of flame Requirements for ignited droplets No Yes
49、Yes Yes Requirements for heat release No No Yes Yes Requirements for smoke opacity Yes No Yes Yes Requirements for smoke toxicity No b No b No b No b aThe standardized size of the test specimen is 1,5 m 1,0 m. This method could apply on a test specimen with reduced size (e.g. 1 m 1 m). bMeasurement using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy following the guidance of ISO 19702 5is technically possible, but has not been standardized. Care should be taken concerning the dil
