1、 Reference number ISO/TS 22269:2005(E) ISO 2005TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22269 First edition 2005-11-01 Reaction to fire tests Fire growth Full-scale test for stairs and stair coverings Essais de raction au feu volution du feu Essai en vraie grandeur pour les escaliers et les revtements descali
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5、dress given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or IS
6、Os member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedISO/TS 22269:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiCon
7、tents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Principle. 2 5 Apparatus 3 6 Preparation of test specimen 3 7 Conditioning of test specimen and stair substrate. 3 8 Ignition source 4 9 Initial conditions . 4 10 Test procedure 4 11 Test report
8、 . 5 Annex A (informative) Ignition sources . 12 Bibliography . 15 ISO/TS 22269:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Sta
9、ndards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also
10、take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees
11、 is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particula
12、rly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publicatio
13、n if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a
14、 vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it mu
15、st either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 22269 was prepared by
16、 Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth. ISO/TS 22269:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved vIntroduction This document is being issued in the Technical Specification series of publications (according to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, 3.1.1) as a “p
17、rospective standard for provisional application” because the current experience of full-scale fire testing of stairs is limited to laboratories in four countries. Further development of the procedures used is possible and some additional inter-laboratory studies will be encouraged so that the precis
18、ion of this potential International Standard may be determined. This document is not to be regarded as an “International Standard”. It is proposed for provisional application so that information and experience of its use in practice may be gathered. Comments on the content of this document should be
19、 sent to the ISO/TC 92/SC 1 Secretary. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22269:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Reaction to fire tests Fire growth Full-scale test for stairs and stair coverings WARNING So that suitable precautions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all concerned in
20、 fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be evolved during combustion of test specimens. The test procedures involve high temperatures and combustion processes from ignition to a fully developed room fire. Therefore, hazards can exist for burns, ignition of extraneous
21、objects or clothing. The operators should use protective clothing, helmet, face-shield and equipment for avoiding exposure to toxic gases. Means for extinguishing a fully developed fire should be available. 1 Scope This test method describes a full-scale reference scenario procedure for assessing th
22、e burning behaviour of stairs or stair coverings, when exposed to a defined ignition source. The risks addressed in this scenario are essentially those of a deliberate rather than an accidental fire. The ignition sources specified include a wood crib to represent a local attack with burning crumpled
23、 newspaper and a gas burner to represent a more severe attack when the whole width of the bottom step is attacked. The observations of burning behaviour provide a basis for assessing the fire exposure behaviour of stair coverings installed over different stair substrates. This method is applicable t
24、o all types of stair coverings that can be installed on stairs or to the stairs themselves. The results obtained from this method reflect the performance of the total stair covering system together with the stair substrate, as tested, and are not intended to be the sole criterion for assessing the p
25、otential fire hazard of the product in use. Modifications to the stair covering, underlay, fixing system, stair substrate or other changes to the system can affect test results. Tests are performed with an enclosed or open-sided staircase. In this test method, there is no closure at the top of the s
26、tairs to represent a ceiling on a stairs landing. The top of the stairs assembly is open so that the tests are conducted under well-ventilated conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the
27、edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications ISO 13943, Fire safety Vocabulary ISO/TR 14697, Fire tests Guidance on the choice of substrate
28、s for building products ISO 13785-1, Reaction-to-fire tests for facades Part 1: Intermediate-scale test ISO/TS 22269:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 apply, together with the following: 3.1 l
29、anding level part of a staircase between flights of steps or at the top 3.2 nosing projecting rounded edge of the step of a stair 3.3 riser upright part of a step 3.4 stair series of steps NOTE The term is usually applied in plural to signify a flight from landing to landing. 3.5 staircase structure
30、 enclosing a stair 3.6 stairfoot level place at the foot of stairs 3.7 stairhead level place at the top of stairs 3.8 step one tread of a stair 3.9 stringboard board covering the ends of the steps 3.10 tread horizontal part of a step which is trodden on 4 Principle 4.1 A stair covering system is ins
31、talled onto full-scale stairs constructed from products representative of end use and is exposed to a defined ignition source, such as a wood crib or propane burner (see Annex A). 4.2 Following ignition, any flame front that develops on the stairs is noted and a record made of the progression of the
32、 flame front horizontally or vertically across the risers and treads. The results are expressed in terms of time of the flame front to reach various positions on the stairs. 4.3 When the stairs are installed underneath an appropriate calorimeter hood/duct system, measurements on fire effluents, such
33、 as heat, smoke and combustion gases, can also be made. ISO/TS 22269:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 35 Apparatus 5.1 Details of the apparatus are shown in Figures 1 to 6. Lengths of steel angle are fixed to square section steel uprights so as to support the treads and risers. The dimensions of
34、 the supporting framework are shown in Figures 4 and 5. 5.2 A suggested method of fixing the treads, risers and stringboards to the apparatus is shown in Figure 6. The actual fixings used will be dependent on the substrate, but where possible, the treads and risers shall be attached to the steel fra
35、mework with screws from the underside. If the treads are suitable, the stringboards can be held in place with screws passing through the stringboard into the ends of the treads. 5.3 Two rectangular frames, constructed from (40 1) mm (40 1) mm (5 0,1) mm steel angle, are used to support the material
36、simulating the sidewalls. These are positioned on plates protruding from the angle at the base of the apparatus, such that the flat face of the angle frame is against the side of the stair. The panels simulating the staircase walls shall be fixed within the frames, and the frames shall be attached a
37、gainst the sides of the assembled stair. This can be done by either directly fixing to the ends of the lower and upper treads, to the stringers, or by a clamp to the steel upright at the rear of the apparatus. 5.4 The panels forming the sidewalls shall be plasterboard according to ISO/TR 14697. The
38、test is not intended to determine the effect of combustible wall finishes on the flame propagation over the stairs. If, in the intended end use, the material used in the walls or wall coverings is expected to contribute to the flame spread up the stairs, a similar material can be used to form the si
39、dewalls of the apparatus. 5.5 An appropriate anemometer shall be used to check the airflow up the stairs. It shall be positioned 50 mm above riser 0 (see Figure 1). 6 Preparation of test specimen 6.1 The specimen shall be representative of the stair or stair covering system and shall simulate actual
40、 installation practice, especially fixing methods and end-use stair substrate. 6.2 The stair covering shall be cut to the width of the stair, measured between the stringboards or to the sidewalls if stringboards are not used. The stair covering shall also be of a length sufficient to fully cover the
41、 13 steps of the full-scale stairs. 6.3 If the stair covering has a production direction or a directional surface effect that influence the fitting of it to a stair in normal use, the specimen for testing shall be cut from the floor covering in the same manner. 6.4 The stair or stair covering system
42、 shall be mounted on a stair substrate that simulates the material used to construct the stair in its intended end use. Although the fixing of the substrate to the apparatus is different from the normal method of stair construction, the depth of the treads should be calculated so as to create a nosi
43、ng representative of end use. If gripper rods are used in the preparation of the test specimen, these shall be described in the test report. 6.5 If an adhesive is used in the preparation of the test specimen, it shall be the same as that used in practice and applied according to the manufacturers in
44、structions. 6.6 Stair or stair covering systems utilizing an underlay or interlay in the actual end use shall be tested with this underlay or interlay. 7 Conditioning of test specimen and stair substrate 7.1 The stair or stair covering system and the components of the stair substrate shall be condit
45、ioned separately prior to assembly. Where this is not possible, for example with stair or stair covering systems that are glued to the substrate, the assembled test construction shall be conditioned. ISO/TS 22269:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved7.2 All specimens shall be conditioned before tes
46、t at a temperature of (23 2) C and a relative humidity of (50 5) %, according to one of the following options (see ISO 554): a) Conditioning for at least four days, until constant mass is achieved. Constant mass is attained when two successive weighing operations, carried out at an interval of 24 h,
47、 do not differ by more than 0,1 % of the mass of the specimen. b) Conditioning for at least three weeks. Use of this option is not allowed for wood-based products or cement-based products. c) Conditioning for at least four weeks. The final mass and the relative mass difference of two successive weig
48、hing operations, carried out (24 2) h and (2 2) h before the test, shall be reported. 7.3 The entire testing procedure until the end of the test shall be carried out within 3 h of removal of the specimen from the conditioning environment. 8 Ignition source 8.1 Selection of ignition source For tests
49、where the primary ignition source is applied to a stair tread, select either wood crib source A or gas burner source B according to the guidance in Annex A. For tests where the secondary ignition source is applied to the riser of step 1, select gas burner source C as detailed in Annex A. 8.2 Conditioning of wood crib source A Condition the crib before the test for 72 h in indoor ambient conditions and then immediately before the test for at least 16 h at (20 5) C and (50 20) % relative humidity. 9 I
