1、 ISO 2016 Reaction-to-fire tests Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate Part 4: Measurement of low levels of heat release Essais de raction au feu Dbit calorifique, taux de dgagement de fume et taux de perte de masse Partie 4: Mesurage du dbit calorifique pour la dtermination des bas nive
2、aux de combustibilit TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 5660-4 Reference number ISO/TS 5660-4:2016(E) First edition 2016-12-15 ISO/TS 5660-4:2016(E)ii ISO 2016 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of
3、this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in
4、 the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org ISO/TS 5660-4:2016(E)Foreword v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Symbols and u
5、nits .3 5 Principle 4 6 Apparatus .4 6.1 General . 4 6.2 Cone-shaped radiant electrical heater . 6 6.3 Radiation shield . 6 6.4 Irradiance control . 6 6.5 Weighing device . 6 6.6 Specimen holder 6 6.7 Retainer frame . 7 6.8 Exhaust gas system with flow measuring instrumentation . 8 6.9 Gas sampling
6、apparatus .10 6.10 Ignition circuit 10 6.11 Ignition timer 10 6.12 Oxygen analyser 11 6.13 Heat flux meters 11 6.14 Calibration burner 11 6.15 Data collection and analysis system 11 6.16 Optional side screens .11 7 Suitability of a product for testing 12 7.1 Surface characteristics 12 7.2 Asymmetric
7、al products 12 7.3 Materials of short burning time 12 7.4 Composite specimens.12 7.5 Products with unknown burning behaviour 12 8 Specimen construction and preparation13 8.1 Specimens 13 8.2 Conditioning of specimens 13 8.3 Preparation .13 8.3.1 Specimen wrapping 13 8.3.2 Specimen preparation 14 9 T
8、est environment 14 10 Calibration .14 10.1 Initial calibrations .14 10.1.1 General.14 10.1.2 Weighing device response time .15 10.1.3 Weighing device output drift 15 10.1.4 Oxygen analyser delay and response times .15 10.1.5 Oxygen analyser output noise and drift 15 10.2 Operating calibrations .16 1
9、0.2.1 General.16 10.2.2 Weighing device accuracy .16 10.2.3 Oxygen analyser.16 10.2.4 Heat release rate calibration 16 10.2.5 Heater calibration 17 10.3 Less frequent calibrations 17 10.3.1 Working-standard heat flux meter calibration .17 ISO 2016 All rights reserved iii Contents Page ISO/TS 5660-4:
10、2016(E)10.3.2 Linearity of heat release rate measurements 17 10.3.3 Accuracy of calibration burner flow meter 17 11 Test procedure .17 11.1 General precautions . 17 11.2 Initial preparation .18 11.3 Test procedure 18 12 Test data limitations 19 13 Calculations.19 13.1 General 19 13.2 Calibration con
11、stant for oxygen consumption analysis 19 13.3 Heat release rate .20 13.4 Exhaust duct mass flow rate.20 13.5 Mass loss rate 21 14 Test report 21 Annex A (informative) Overview .23 Annex B (informative) Calibration of the working heat flux meter .26 Annex C (informative) Calculation of heat release w
12、ith additional gas analysis .27 Annex D (informative) Data obtained in initial round robin31 Bibliography .34 iv ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO/TS 5660-4:2016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bod
13、ies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
14、 non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are de
15、scribed in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is draw
16、n to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on t
17、he ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformit y assessm
18、ent, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation a
19、nd growth. A list of all parts in the ISO 5660 series can be found on the ISO website. ISO 2016 All rights reserved v Reaction-to-fire tests Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate Part 4: Measurement of low levels of heat release WARNING The test procedures involve high temperatures and c
20、ombustion processes. Therefore, hazards can exist for burns, ignition of extraneous objects or clothing, and for inhalation of combustion products. The operator should use protective gloves for insertion and removal of test specimens. Neither the cone heater nor the associated fixtures should be tou
21、ched while hot except with the use of protective gloves. Materials containing volatile organic substances or decomposition products, or large amounts of moisture may produce violent releases of combustible gases or water vapour during testing. Materials with high release rates normally tested in ISO
22、 5660-1 would give dangerous conditions if tested in this apparatus. To ensure this does not happen, specimens shall first be tested at the smaller 100 100 mm ISO 5660-1 specimen size to check approximate heat release rates before proceeding. 1 Scope This document specifies a method for evaluating m
23、aterials and products that produce low levels of heat release when exposed to high irradiance levels typical of fully developed fires. It differs from ISO 5660-1 by prescribing items such as specific specimen size, specimen holder, specimen orientation, volumetric flow rate for O 2analyses and irrad
24、iance levels at which testing is conducted. The test method described in this document is intended for use on products and materials that contain only small amounts of combustible elements, e.g. test specimens that yield a total heat release of 0,75 MJ/m 2to 15 MJ/m 2 . NOTE 1 The test method for sp
25、ecimens that yield moderate to high total heat release is described in ISO 5660-1. The information obtained from this test method in this document can also be used for fire safety engineering purposes. NOTE 2 As in ISO 5660-1, the heat release rates are not measured directly and absolute but are the
26、oretically calculated using the empirically derived constant of proportionality that links heat released and measured oxygen consumed. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For
27、 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specification
28、s ISO 5660-1:2015, Reaction-to-fire tests Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate Part 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) ISO 5660-3, Reaction-to-fire tests Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate Part 3: Guidance on measurement TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 5660-4:2
29、016(E) ISO 2016 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TS 5660-4:2016(E) ISO/TR 14697, Reaction-to-fire tests Guidance on the choice of substrates for building and transport products ISO 14934-2, Fire tests Calibration and use of heat flux meters Part 2: Primary calibration methods ISO 14934-3:2012, Fire tests C
30、alibration and use of heat flux meters Part 3: Secondary calibration method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943, and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addr
31、esses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/ /www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ /www.iso.org/obp 3.1 emissivity ratio of the radiation emitted by a radiant source to the radiation that would be emitted by a black body radiant source at the same temperature Note
32、1 to entry: Emissivity is dimensionless. SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.75 3.2 flashing existence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of less than 1 s 3.3 ignition onset of sustained flaming (3.10) 3.4 irradiancequotient of the radiant flux incident on an infinitesimal element of
33、surface containing the point, and the area of that element Note 1 to entry: Convective heating is minimized in the horizontal specimen orientation. For this reason, the term “irradiance” is used instead of “heat flux” throughout this document as it best indicates the essentially radiative mode of he
34、at transfer. 3.5 material single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture EXAMPLE Metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fibre and polymers. 3.6 orientation plane in which the exposed face of the specimen is located during testing 3.7 oxygen consumption principle proportional relationship between t
35、he mass of oxygen consumed during combustion and the heat released 3.8 product material, composite or assembly about which information is required2 ISO 2016 All rights reserved ISO/TS 5660-4:2016(E) 3.9 specimen representative piece of the product that is tested together with any substrate or treatm
36、ent Note 1 to entry: For certain types of product, for example products that contain an air gap or joints, it might not be possible to prepare a specimen that is representative of the end-use conditions; see Clause 7. 3.10 sustained flaming existence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen f
37、or periods of over 10 s 3.11 transitory flaming existence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of between 1 and 10 s 4 Symbols and units For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. Symbol Designations Unit A s initially exposed surface area of the specimen,
38、 0,020 7 m 2 m 2 C orifice flow meter calibration constant m 1/2g 1/2K 1/2 h c net heat of combustion kJ g 1 h c,eff effective net heat of combustion MJkg 1 m mass of the specimen g m total mass loss g m f mass of the specimen at the end of the test g m s mass of the specimen at sustained flaming g
39、m , average mass loss rate per unit area between 10 % and 90 % of mass loss gm 2 s 1 m 10 mass of the specimen at 10 % of total mass loss G m 90 mass of the specimen at 90 % of total mass loss G m mass change rate of the specimen gs 1 m e mass flow rate in exhaust duct kg s 1 p orifice meter pressur
40、e differential Pa q heat release rate kW q A heat release rate per unit area kW m 2 q maximum value of the heat release rate per unit area kW m 2 q average heat release rate per unit area over the period starting at t igand ending 180 s later kW m 2 q average heat release rate per unit area over the
41、 period starting at t igand ending 300 s later kW m 2 Q A,tot total heat released per unit area during the entire test MJ m 2 r o stoichiometric oxygen/fuel mass ratio 1 t time s t d delay time of the oxygen analyser s t ig time to ignition (onset of sustained flaming) s t sampling time interval s I
42、SO 2016 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TS 5660-4:2016(E) Symbol Designations Unit t 10 time at 10 % of total mass loss s t 90 time at 90 % of total mass loss s T e absolute temperature of gas at the orifice meter K X oxygen analyser reading, mole fraction of oxygen 1 X initial value of oxygen analyser re
43、ading 1 X oxygen analyser reading, before delay time correction 1 emissivity 5 Principle The measurement of the heat release rate and total heat release is used to quantify the test specimens ability to ignite and contribute heat to the fire. It is based on the observation that, generally, the net h
44、eat of combustion of a material is directly related to the quantity of oxygen required for its combustion. This relationship is such that approximately 13,1 10 3kJ of heat are released per 1,0 kg of oxygen consumed. Optionally, additional measurements of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can be mad
45、e and used in calculation of heat release. The apparatus procedures and calculation methods described in Annex C are then applicable. Specimens are exposed in ambient air conditions, while being subjected to an irradiance of 50 kWm 2in the presence of a spark ignition source. Alternatively, testing
46、may be conducted at an exposure of 75 kWm 2 . The changes in oxygen, O 2 , concentration of gases and exhaust gas mass flow rate are monitored and, from these data, the heat release is calculated. Additionally, the time to sustained flaming is observed and mass-loss rate is measured. In this documen
47、t, the heat release is measured from the moment the specimen is subjected to the radiant thermal exposure of a conical heater and is continued for 20 min. The primary measurements are oxygen concentration and exhaust-gas mass flow rate. Provision is also made for the time to sustained flaming. This
48、test method is used to evaluate specimens in a horizontal orientation under an external irradiance. In order to measure heat release of materials or products that produce low levels of heat release when exposed to high irradiances typical of fully developed fires, this part differs from ISO 5660-1 b
49、y prescribing a larger specimen size (150 mm 150 mm), a 50 % lower exhaust gas volumetric flow rate, direct connection between the plenum and heater to ensure collection of all the combustion gases, more stringent specifications for the oxygen analyser to improve accuracy, and a specified irradiance level at which to conduct testing. This document is designed to test samples with peak heat release of 200 kW/m 2and total h
