1、 y!“ # # $ % # 59-:+*- = # 59-:+3- “%!% (enthltBerichtigungAC:2007) (includesCorrigendumAC:2007) Documentcomprises17pagesDIN EN 1159-1:2007-11 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom), Subco
2、mmittee SC 1 “Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites”. At present a DIN committee does not exist for this standard since the parties concerned have not shown any interest in work on the subject. The Normenausschuss Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee) is obliged to publish
3、the standard, however, as the subject falls in its domain. Amendments This standard differs from DIN V ENV 1159:1993-11 as follows: a) The standard has been editorially revised. Compared with DIN EN 1159:2003-10, the following corrections have been made: a) The numbering of the equations in subclaus
4、es 8.1 and 8.2 has been corrected. b) Equation 5 in subclause 8.1 has been corrected. Previous editions DIN V ENV 1159-1: 1993-11 DIN EN 1159-1: 2003-10 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN 862, Vernier callipers Requirements and testing DIN 863-1, Verification of geometrical parameters
5、Micrometers Part 1: Standard design micrometer callipers for external measurement Concepts, requirements, testing EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1159-1 July 2003 + AC July 2007 ICS 81.060.30 English version Advanced technical ceramics Ceramic composites Thermophysical propertie
6、s Part 1: Determination of thermal expansion Cramiques techniques avances Cramiques composites Proprits thermophysiques Partie 1: Dtermination de la dilatation thermique Hochleistungskeramik Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe Thermophysikalische Eigenschaften Teil 1: Bestimmung der thermischen Ausdehnung
7、EN 1159-1:2003 was approved by CEN on 2003-05-23. Corrigendum AC:2007 becomes effective on 18 July 2007 for incorporation in the official German version of the EN. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standa
8、rd the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, Germ
9、an). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Repub
10、lic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE
11、 NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1159-1:2003 + AC:2007 EContents Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3
12、 Termsanddefinitions. .4 4 Principle5 4.1 General5 4.2 Directmeasurement 5 4.3 Differentialmethod . .5 5 Apparatus .5 5.1 Constructionmaterials 5 5.2 Heatingandcoolingdevice 5 5.3 Temperaturemeasurement. 5 5.4 Testpiecemounting . .5 5.5 Systemformeasuringandrecordingthethermalexpansion.6 5.6 Testpie
13、cemeasurement .6 6 Specimens 6 6.1 Testpieces6 6.2 Referencepieces .6 6.3 Dimensions.7 7 Procedure .7 8 Calculations7 8.1 Directmeasurement 7 8.2 Differentialmethod . .8 9 Testreport 9 AnnexA (normative) Directmeasurementapparatus .12 A.1 Determinationofmeasurementsensitivity .12 A.2 Determinationof
14、 A .13 AnnexB (normative) Differentialtypemeasurementapparatus 14 B.1 Determinationofmeasurementsensitivity S 14 B.2 Determinationof 14 Bibliography 15 Page EN11591:2003+AC:2007(E) 2Foreword Thisdocument(EN11591:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC184,“Advancedtechnical ceramics“thesecreta
15、riatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyJanuary2004,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byJanuary2004. ThisdocumentsupersedesENV11591:1993. EN1159Advancedtechnicalcer
16、amicsCeramiccompositesThermophysicalpropertiesconsistsoffourparts: Part1:Determinationofthermalexpansion. Part2:Determinationofthermaldiffusivity. Part3:Determinationofspecificheatcapacity. Part4:Determinationofthermalconductivity AnnexesAandBarenormative. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulation
17、s,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom. EN
18、11591:2003+AC:2007(E) 31Scope ThisPartofEN1159describesmethodsforthedeterminationoflinearthermalexpansioncharacteristicsof ceramicmatrixcompositematerialsupto2300K,andisapplicableto10,2DandnDmaterials. Themethoddescribesgeneralprinciplesofconstructioncalibrationandoperationoftheequipment. 2 Normativ
19、ereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean
20、 Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN8211, AdvancedtechnicalceramicsMonolithicceramicsThermophysicalpropertiesPart1:Determination ofthermalexpansion. EN605841, ThermocouplesPart1:Referenc
21、etables(IEC605841:1995) ENISO/IEC17025,Generalrequirementsforthecompetenceoftestingandcalibrationlaboratories(ISO/IEC 17025:1999) ISO3611, Micrometercallipersforexternalmeasurement. ISO6906, Verniercallipersreadingto0,02mm. 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingterms
22、anddefinitionsapply. 3.1 linearthermalexpansion positiveornegativechangeinonedimensionthatoccurswhenamaterialissubjectedtoachangeintemperature 3.2 linearthermalexpansioncoefficientattemperatureT derivativeofthelengthLwithrespecttotemperatureatthetemperatureT,dividedbythelengthattemperatureT T dT dL
23、L 1 T (1) 3.3 meanlinearthermalexpansioncoefficientbetweentemperaturesT1andT2 linearthermalexpansionbetweentemperatures T 1 and T 2 dividedbythetemperatureincrement T 1 to T 2 andthe lengthattemperature T 1 1 1 2 2 1 T L T L T L T T , (2) 3.4 representativevolumeelement(R.V.E.) minimumvolumewhichisr
24、epresentativeofthematerialconsidered EN11591:2003+AC:2007(E) 44Principle 4.1General Atestpieceisheatedandsubsequentlycooled,eitherataspecifieduniformrateorusingdefinedtemperature increments.Itschangeoflengthanditstemperaturearemeasuredcontinuouslyoratregularfrequentintervals duringtheimposedtemperat
25、urecycle. Oneoftwomethodsmaybeusedtodeterminethelinearthermalexpansioncoefficient,eitherbydirect measurementorbyadifferentialmethod. 4.2Direct measurement Inthismethodthevariationinlengthofthetestpieceismeasureddirectly.Itisnecessarytoknowthechangein dimensionsofthetestpiecesupportsystembypreviousca
26、libration. Thetestpieceisplacedinaspecimenholderandismadetocontactadisplacementtransducerbyusingapush rodmadeofthesamematerialastheholder.Thisassemblyisputinafurnace.Thedifferentialexpansionbetween thetestpieceandthetestpieceholderismeasuredduringtheincreaseandthedecreaseintemperature. Theapparatusi
27、sshowninFigure1. 4.3 Differentialmethod Thismethodconsistsofmeasuringthechangesinlengthbetweenareferencepiece(see6.2)andthetestpiece. Itsisnotthereforenecessarytoknowthechangeindimensionsofthetestpiecesupportsystem. TheapparatusisshowninFigure2. 5Apparatus 5.1Construction materials Thetestpieceholde
28、randthepushrodshallbemadefromthermomechanicallystablematerialsofthesametype, whichshallbechemicallyinertandthermallycompatiblewiththetestpiecematerialundertheenvironmental conditionsofthetest. NOTE Fortemperaturesabove1400C,itisnecessarytoemployavacuumorinertgasatmosphere,withanonoxide materialappro
29、priateforthetestenvironment,suchasagradeofdensegraphite. 5.2 Heatingandcoolingdevice Furnace,capableofworkinginacontrolledatmospherewhenrequired,andofcontrollingthetemperatureofthe testpiecetowithin1%ofitsmeantemperature,expressedinK. 5.3Temperature measurement Thermocouples,inaccordancewithEN605841
30、,subjecttotheuppertemperaturerequirementsandenvironmental consideration,exceptfortungstenrheniumcoupleswhichmaybeusedathighertemperatures,butarenot coveredbyEN605841shouldbeindividuallycalibrated.Fortemperatureinexcessof2000K,infrareddetectors oranysuitabledevicemaybeused. 5.4Test piece mounting The
31、deviceusedshallallowfreeaxialmovementofthetestpieceandofthereferencepieceincaseofdifferential measurement.Themechanicalenvironmentshallminimizestresses.Forverticalmeasurementapparatus,thetest piecesshallbefreestandingandmechanicallystableontheendplate.Formeasuringapparatuswhichis EN11591:2003+AC:200
32、7(E) 5horizontalorinclinedtothehorizontal,thesidewaysmovementortwistofthetestpieceshallberestricted,without anyrestrictionofaxialmovement,byasuitablearrangement. 5.5 Systemformeasuringandrecordingthethermalexpansion System,capableofmeasuringdisplacementstoanaccuracybetterthan0,1 m.Thesystemshallallo
33、wrecording ofthetestpiecetemperautureandthedisplacementsimultaneously.Thesystemformeasuringofdisplacements shallbeperiodicallycalibratedinaccordancewithannexAfordirectmeasurementorannexBfordifferential measurement. 5.6Test piece measurement Deviceformeasuringthetestpiecedimensions,withanaccuracybett
34、erthan0,05 mm(e.g.micrometerin accordancewithISO3611orcallipersinaccordancewithISO6906). 6Specimens 6.1Test pieces Thedimensionsofthetestpiecesdependonthetypeofapparatusused.Fordifferentialmeasurementsthetest pieceandthereferencepiece(see6.2)shallhavethesamelength L 0 (seeTable1). Thetestpieceshallb
35、ecutinsuchawaythattheaxisofdesiredmeasurementisrelatedtotheprincipalfibre orientationsinaccordancewithagreementbetweenpartiestothemeasurement. Theendfacesofthelengthofthetestpieceshallbeplane,paralleltoeachotherandperpendiculartothelong axis. 6.2Reference pieces Referencematerialsshallbechosensothat
36、theirpropertiesareascloseaspossibletothepropertiesofthe materialtobetested.Thereferencepieceshallhaveavolumeofthesameorderandifpossibleshallhavethe samedimensionsasthetestpiece(seeTable1). Formeasurementathightemperature(over2000K)underinertatmosphere,referencematerialsgenerallyused areeithertungste
37、norhighlypurifiedgraphite.Referencematerialsshallbeprocuredfromacertifiedlaboratory. NOTE NISTintheUSAisonelaboratorywhichsuppliesreferencematerials.HighlypurifiedPOCOgraphiteislargely usedasareferenceformeasurementathightemperature. EN11591:2003+AC:2007(E) 66.3Dimensions Table1Recommendedtestpieced
38、imensions Dimensionsinmillimeters MaterialwithsmallR.V.E. (see3.4)suchas1Dor2D MaterialwithlargeR.V.E. (see3.4)suchasnD Tolerances L 0, totallength 30 70 0,2 B,width 7 h, thickness Dependingonmaterialand equipment Dependingonmaterialand equipment Dependingonmaterialand equipment diameter 3 0 Paralle
39、lism 0,01 0,01 NOTE1 Atestpiecevolumeofaminimumof5R.V.E.isrecommended(see3.4). NOTE2 Theshapeanddimensionsofthetestpiecedependonthestructureofreinforcement.Inthecaseofmaterialsuch as3D,alargetestpieceisoftennecessarywhentherepresentativevolumeelementisimportant. 7Procedure Inordertosimplifycalibrati
40、onprocedures,testpiecesandreferencepiecesofthesamelengthshouldbeused.If referenceandtestpieceshavedifferentlengths,thenitisnecessarytotakeintoaccountabaselineshift.Inthis case,refertoEN8211. Measuretheoriginallengthofthetestpieceatroomtemperaturetoanaccuracybetterthan0,2mm. Makesurethattheequipmenth
41、asbeencalibratedforthetypeofmaterialpriortothetest,accordingtothe proceduredescribedinannex Afordirectmeasurementdeterminationof Sand A andinannex Bfor differentialmeasurement(determinationof Sand ).Ifthetestistobeperformedinaninertorvacuum environment,establishtheenvironmentbeforecommencingheating.
42、 Positionthetestpieceintheequipmentandproceedwithheatingorcoolingatarateofbetween1K/minand 5K/mins,ensuringafairlyconstanttemperaturegradientalongandthroughthetestpiece.Ifthetemperatureis changedinsteps,theholdtemperatureshallbemaintaineduntilthelengthofthetestpieceshowsnochangefora periodof5mins. I
43、ncaseoflargetestpieces,astepwisetemperatureriseisrecommended. Themeanlinearthermalexpansioncoefficientshallbecalculatedastheaveragefromtheresultsoftestsonthree testpieces. 8Calculations 8.1Direct measurement Calculatethechangeinlength, l,ofalengthofthesampleholdermaterialequaltotheoriginaltestpiecelength L 0 ,fromtheexpression: 1 2 0 T T L l A (3) usingthecalculatedvalueof l,obtainthechangeinlengthof lofthetestpiecefromthemeasureddisplace
