1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogiesPart 1: Design method for axles with external journalsBS EN 13103-1:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13103-1 December 2017 ICS 45.040 Supersedes EN 1310
2、3:2009+A2:2012, EN 13104:2009+A2:2012English Version Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Part 1: Design method for axles with external journals Applications ferroviaires - Essieux monts et bogies - Partie 1: Mthode de conception des essieux-axes avec fuses extrieures Bahnanwendungen - Rads
3、tze und Drehgestelle - Teil 1: Konstruktionsleitfaden fr auengelagerte Radsatzwellen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 September 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status
4、of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, Germa
5、n). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
6、 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey a
7、nd United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. R
8、ef. No. EN 13103-1:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 131031:2017. It supersedes BS EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 and BS EN 13104:2009+A2:2012, which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/3/1, Railway Applicati
9、ons Wheels and Wheelsets.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 201
10、8 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 80443 4ICS 45.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2018.Amendments/corrigenda is
11、sued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 13103-1:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13103-1 December 2017 ICS 45.040 Supersedes EN 13103:2009+A2:2012, EN 13104:2009+A2:2012English Version Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Part 1: Design method f
12、or axles with external journals Applications ferroviaires - Essieux monts et bogies - Partie 1: Mthode de conception des essieux-axes avec fuses extrieures Bahnanwendungen - Radstze und Drehgestelle - Teil 1: Konstruktionsleitfaden fr auengelagerte Radsatzwellen This European Standard was approved b
13、y CEN on 11 September 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national st
14、andards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and
15、 notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungar
16、y, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CE
17、N-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13103-1:2017 EBS EN 13103-1:2017EN 13103-1:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scop
18、e 5 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 General 8 5 Forces and moments to be taken into consideration . 9 5.1 Types of forces . 9 5.2 Influence of masses in motion 9 5.3 Effects due to braking . 14 5.4 Effects due to curving and wheel geometry 18 5.5 Effects due to traction . 18 5
19、.6 Calculation of the resultant moment 19 6 Determination of geometric characteristics of the various parts of the axle . 20 6.1 Stresses in the various sections of the axle . 20 6.2 Determination of the diameter of journals and axle bodies . 24 6.3 Determination of the diameter of the various seats
20、 from the diameter of the axle body or from the journals . 24 6.3.1 General . 24 6.3.2 Transition between collar surface and wheel seat 27 6.3.3 Wheel seat in the absence of an adjacent seat . 27 6.3.4 Case of two adjacent seats . 29 6.3.5 Case of two non-adjacent seats . 29 7 Maximum permissible st
21、resses . 29 7.1 General . 29 7.2 Steel grade EA1N and EA1T 30 7.3 Steel grade other than EA1N or EA1T . 32 7.3.1 General . 32 7.3.2 Steel grade EA4T . 33 7.3.3 Other steel grades 34 Annex A (informative) Model of axle calculation sheet . 35 Annex B (informative) Procedure for the calculation of the
22、load coefficient for tilting vehicles 37 Annex C (informative) Values of forces to take into consideration for wheelsets for narrow gauge track (metre gauge or close to a metre gauge) . 39 Annex D (normative) Method for determination of full-scale fatigue limits for new materials . 40 Annex ZA (info
23、rmative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. 47 Bibliography . 49 BS EN 13103-1:2017EN 13103-1:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 13103-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, t
24、he secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2018. Attention is dr
25、awn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13103:2009+A2:2012 and EN 13104:2009+A2:2012. This document has been prep
26、ared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC For the relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to t
27、he CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
28、Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13103-1:2017EN 13103-1:2017 (E) 4 Introduction Railway axles were among the first train
29、 components to give rise to fatigue problems. Many years ago, specific dimensioning methods were developed in order to design these axles. They were based on a feedback process from the service behaviour of axles combined with the examination of failures and on fatigue tests conducted in the laborat
30、ory, so as to characterise and optimise the design and materials used for axles. A European working group under the aegis of UIC1started to harmonise these methods at the beginning of the 1970s. This led to an ORE2document applicable to the design of trailer stock axles, subsequently incorporated in
31、to national standards (French, German, Italian). It was consequently converted into a UIC leaflet. The method in this standard is based upon nominal stresses calculated using the beam theory. It was developed when the finite element method was not yet developed. Fatigue limits were obtained using te
32、sts, and the stress level in the test pieces was calculated using the beam theory. Also fatigue correction factors were determined by the same way, using test results on test pieces with various diameters and radii. These three values: Method of calculation; Correction factor values; Fatigue limit v
33、alues; are closely linked, with the values of the two latter values being dependent on the calculation method. The bibliography lists the relevant documents used for reference purposes. The method described therein is largely based on conventional loadings (now based on mass definitions from EN15663
34、) and the outcome is validated by many years of operations on the various railway systems. This standard is based largely on this method which has been improved and its scope enlarged. In order to simplify the updating of the axle design standard, it was decided to merge the two previous documents E
35、N 13103 and EN 13104 in one standard which is this one. Also this standard refers to the mass standard EN 15663 to define the loads for calculations. 1UIC : Union Internationale des Chemins de fer (International Union of Railways) 2ORE: Office de Recherches et dEssais de lUIC. BS EN 13103-1:2017EN 1
36、3103-1:2017 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard: defines the forces and moments to be taken into account with reference to masses, traction and braking conditions; gives the stress calculation method for axles with outside axle journals; specifies the maximum permissible stresses to be assumed in c
37、alculations for steel grade EA1N, EA1T and EA4T defined in EN 13261; describes the method for determination of the maximum permissible stresses for other steel grades; determines the diameters for the various sections of the axle and recommends the preferred shapes and transitions to ensure adequate
38、 service performance. This European Standard is applicable for: axles defined in EN 13261 powered and non-powered axles and all track gauges3. The powered axle design method of this European Standard applies to: solid and hollow powered axles for railway rolling stock; solid and hollow non-powered a
39、xles of motor bogies; solid and hollow non-powered axles of locomotives. The non-powered axle design method of this standard applies to solid and hollow axles of railway rolling stock used for the transportation of passengers and freight that are not considered in the list above. This European Stand
40、ard is applicable to axles fitted to rolling stock intended to run under normal European conditions. Before using this European Standard, if there is any doubt as to whether the railway operating conditions are normal, it is necessary to determine whether an additional design factor has to be applie
41、d to the maximum permissible stresses. The calculation of wheelset axles for special applications (e.g. tamping/lining/levelling machines) may be made according to this European Standard only for the load cases of free-rolling and rolling in train formation. This European Standard does not apply to
42、the loads induced by the vehicles in their working mode. They are calculated separately. This method can be used for light rail and tramway applications. 3If the track gauge is not standard, certain formulae need to be adapted BS EN 13103-1:2017EN 13103-1:2017 (E) 6 2 Normative references The follow
43、ing documents are referred to in a normative manner so that some or all of their content is indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) appli
44、es. EN 13260, Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Wheelsets Product requirements EN 13261:2009+A1:2010, Railway applications Wheelsets and bogies Axles Product requirements EN 15313, Railway applications - In-service wheelset operation requirements - In-service and off-vehicle wheelset mainten
45、ance EN 15663, Railway applications - Vehicle reference masses 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 powered axle the following axles are considered as powered axles: solid and hollow powered axles for railway rolling stock; solid a
46、nd hollow non-powered axles of motor bogies; solid and hollow non-powered axles of locomotives. 3.2 non-powered axle solid and hollow axle of railway rolling stock used for the transportation of passengers and freight that is not considered as a power axle as defined in 3.1 3.3 technical specificati
47、on document, describing specific parameter and/or product requirements as an addition to the requirements of this standard 3.4 guiding axle first (i.e. leading) axle of a train set BS EN 13103-1:2017EN 13103-1:2017 (E) 7 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this European Standard, the symbo
48、ls and abbreviations in Table 1 apply: Table 1 Symbols and abbreviations Symbol Unit Description 1m kg Mass on journals (including bearings and axle boxes) 2m kg Wheelset mass and masses on the wheelset between rolling circles. Definition will be added in the current revision of EN 13262 (brake disc
49、, gear wheel etc.) 12mm+ kg For the wheelset considered, proportion of the mass of the vehicle on the rails g m/s2Acceleration due to gravity P N Half the vertical force per wheelset on the rail 12()2m mg+0P N Vertical static force per journal when the wheelset is loaded symmetrically 12mg1P N Vertical force on the more loaded journal 2P N Vertical force on the less loaded journal P N Proportion of P braked by any mechanical braking system 1Y N Wheel/rail horizontal force perpendicular to the rail on the s
