1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Plastics - Thermoplastic stretch films for wrapping silage balesBS EN 14932:2018EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14932 January 2018 ICS 55.040; 83.140.10 Supersedes EN 14932:2006English Version Plast
2、ics - Thermoplastic stretch films for wrapping silage bales Plastiques - Films thermoplastiques tirables pour lenrubannage de balles densilage Kunststoffe - Thermoplastische Stretchfolien zum Umwickeln von Silage-Ballen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 November 2017. CEN members are
3、bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to th
4、e CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Cent
5、re has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuani
6、a, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Scien
7、ce 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14932:2018 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14932:2018. It supersedes BS EN 14932:2006, which is withdrawn.The UK par
8、ticipation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/75, Plastics and rubber film and sheets.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Us
9、ers are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 89032 1ICS 83.140.10; 55.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the au
10、thority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14932:2018EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14932 January 2018 ICS 55.040; 83.140.10 Supersedes EN 14932:2006English Ver
11、sion Plastics - Thermoplastic stretch films for wrapping silage bales Plastiques - Films thermoplastiques tirables pour lenrubannage de balles densilage Kunststoffe - Thermoplastische Stretchfolien zum Umwickeln von Silage-Ballen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 November 2017. CEN me
12、mbers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applica
13、tion to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Manag
14、ement Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia
15、, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue d
16、e la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14932:2018 EBS EN 14932:2018EN 14932:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms a
17、nd definitions . 8 4 Materials 9 5 Solar reflectance . 9 6 Durability 9 7 Requirements . 10 7.1 General requirements 10 7.2 Requirement for visual inspection 11 7.3 Optional characteristics . 11 7.3.1 Airtightness and oxygen permeability determined on a wrapped artificial bale . 11 7.3.2 Adhesion 11
18、 8 Test methods . 12 8.1 Determination of film thickness . 12 8.1.1 Determination of single point thickness . 12 8.1.2 Determination of average thickness 12 8.2 Determination of width . 12 8.3 Determination of core protrusion . 12 8.4 Determination of film length . 12 8.5 Determination of neck-in du
19、ring film stretching 13 8.6 Determination of tensile characteristics 13 8.7 Determination of impact resistance . 14 8.8 Determination of the tightening force . 14 8.9 Determination of the tear resistance . 14 8.10 Determination of total luminous transmittance . 14 8.11 Determination of resistance to
20、 weathering 14 8.11.1 Principle . 14 8.11.2 Exposure to xenon-arc lamps . 14 8.11.3 Procedure 14 8.11.4 Calculation and expression of results . 15 8.12 Determination of oxygen transmission rate . 15 9 Film acceptance 15 10 Designation 15 11 Marking of packaging . 16 12 Instructions for use of stretc
21、h films 16 13 Instructions for disposal of stretch films and end-of-life . 16 Annex A (informative) Exposure to other light sources . 17 BS EN 14932:2018EN 14932:2018 (E) 3 A.1 Medium pressure mercury vapour lamps 17 A.2 Fluorescent UV lamps . 18 Annex B (informative) Numerical correlation between d
22、urations of stretch forage films exposed to artificial weathering and a natural exposure 20 B.1 Exposure to xenon-arc lamps 20 B.2 Exposure to medium pressure mercury vapour lamps . 20 B.3 Exposure to fluorescent UV lamps . 21 Annex C (normative) Determination of solar reflectance . 22 C.1 General.
23、22 C.2 Principle 23 C.3 Terms and definitions 23 C.4 Apparatus . 23 C.5 Test specimens 24 C.6 Procedure . 24 C.7 Calculation of the solar reflectance Rs. 24 Annex D (normative) Determination of neck-in during stretching . 25 D.1 Introduction . 25 D.2 Principle 25 D.3 Apparatus . 25 D.4 Atmosphere fo
24、r conditioning and testing . 26 D.5 Procedure . 26 Annex E (normative) Determination of tightening force 27 E.1 Principle 27 E.2 Apparatus . 27 E.3 Procedure . 27 E.4 Preparation of the specimens . 27 E.5 Results 27 Annex F (informative) Determination of oxygen permeability and airtightness on an ar
25、tificial bale . 29 F.1 General. 29 F.2 Principle 29 F.3 Apparatus . 29 F.4 Films . 31 F.5 Conditioning of the film . 31 F.6 Procedure . 32 Annex G (informative) Determination of adhesion characteristic 35 G.1 Principle 35 G.2 Apparatus . 35 BS EN 14932:2018EN 14932:2018 (E) 4 G.3 Preparation of the
26、apparatus . 35 G.4 Procedure 38 G.5 Report 39 Annex H (informative) Guidance for use and disposal of stretch films . 40 H.1 Instructions for storage of rolls . 40 H.2 Instructions for baling . 40 H.3 Instruction for wrapping 40 H.4 Instruction for storage of wrapped bales . 41 H.5 Instruction for di
27、sposal of films . 41 Bibliography. 43 BS EN 14932:2018EN 14932:2018 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 14932:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard,
28、either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2018, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2018. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN not be
29、 held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14932:2006. In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made: classification according to the solar reflectance is changed; durability makes reference to the expo
30、sure of films by artificial weathering; optional characteristics are introduced by revised annexes; paragraphs on instructions for use, for disposal and end-of-life of stretch films have been added. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the follow
31、ing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, No
32、rway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14932:2018EN 14932:2018 (E) 6 Introduction The biological and practical requirements for silage stretch films and the interactions with the machinery, used for the wrapping a
33、nd handling of round bales and square bales, have been considered for the design of this standard. However, it is difficult to simulate in laboratory conditions some parameters like leak tightness, oxygen permeability, temperature and the manner they interact. In order to obtain silage of high quali
34、ty it is essential to reduce unwanted microbiological activities to very low levels. It is necessary to limit the penetration of oxygen of air inside the bale in order to create the best conditions for conservation. Consequently, the wrapped bale should be as gas tight as possible. This European Sta
35、ndard does not include as mandatory a test method for the determination of air tightness and oxygen permeability on artificial bale. Nevertheless, it is recommended for the manufacturers of stretch films to check this property near an appropriate testing laboratory. There are discussions regarding h
36、ow the temperature inside the bale will influence how different types of “good” and “bad” microbiological activities will develop in forage. Although the film can be made of any colour, it is a fact that the pigmentation or colour itself will influence the temperature inside the bale, due to sun-rad
37、iation. Therefore, this standard also includes a method for the determination of the solar reflectance of stretch films 1. BS EN 14932:2018EN 14932:2018 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the requirements for dimensional, mechanical, oxygen transmission rate and optical characteristics o
38、f stretch thermoplastic films for wrapping bales used for ensilaging of forage. It specifies a classification for solar reflectance of the films. This European Standard specifies also test methods to check these requirements. It specifies also test methods for the determination of the airtightness a
39、nd oxygen permeability determined on a wrapped artificial bale. This European Standard is applicable to white, black or coloured films based on polyolefin materials. It covers the width range from 250 mm up to 1 000 mm. The performances of the stretch films in conformance with this European Standard
40、 are based on the use of at least six layers of films, pre-stretched at a ratio between 60 % and 70 % for round bales and a ratio of 55 % and 65 % for wrapping square bales. This European Standard also gives guidance for storage of rolls and instructions for wrapping, storage of wrapped bales and fo
41、r disposal of films. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
42、 (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 527-1, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1) EN ISO 527-3, Plastics Determination of tensile properties Part 3: Test conditions for films and sheets (ISO 527-3) EN ISO 4892-2:2013, Plastics Methods of exposure
43、to laboratory light sources Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps (ISO 4892-2:2013) EN ISO 6383-2, Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of tear resistance Part 2: Elmendorf method (ISO 6383-2) EN ISO 7765-1, Plastics film and sheeting Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method Part 1:
44、Staircase methods (ISO 7765-1) EN ISO 13468-2, Plastics Determination of the total luminous transmittance of transparent materials Part 2: Double-beam instrument (ISO 13468-2) ISO 4592, Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of length and width ISO 4593, Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of
45、 thickness by mechanical scanning ISO 9845-1:1992, Solar energy Reference solar spectral irradiance at the ground at different receiving conditions Part 1: Direct normal and hemispherical solar irradiance for air mass 1,5 ISO 15105-2:2003, Plastics Film and sheeting Determination of gas-transmission
46、 rate Part 2: Equal-pressure method BS EN 14932:2018EN 14932:2018 (E) 8 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 width total film width when laid flat Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm). 3.2 nominal width W0film width
47、, as declared by the manufacturer Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm). 3.3 nominal thickness film thickness, as declared by the manufacturer Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in micrometres (m). 3.4 film length largest dimension of a film corresponding to the length of the unwinded r
48、oll (or reel) Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in metres (m). 3.5 nominal length L0length of the film, as declared by the manufacturer Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in metres (m). 3.6 longitudinal direction MD direction parallel to the film length corresponding to the extrusion direction 3.7 tran
49、sverse direction TD direction parallel to the film width (at right angles to the length) 3.8 core protrusion Cpdistance from the edge of a roll to the edge of its core Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres (mm). BS EN 14932:2018EN 14932:2018 (E) 9 3.9 neck-in Nishrinkage of a film in the transverse direction (TD) induced by stretching the film in longitudinal direction (MD) Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as a %. 3.10 radiant exposure H time integral of irradiance Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in (J
