1、2007 年江苏专转本（英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：240.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Under proper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to
2、the hill and back. Thus, by timing the interval between a sound and its reflection (the echo) , you can estimate the distance to an obstruction. During World War II the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy wa
3、s near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force(RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to by lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that
4、 won the Battle of Britain. Since the radio waves were used to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them (their rage of flight, in other words) , the device was called “radio directing and ranging“ , and from the initials the word “radar“ was coined.（分数：10.00）(
5、1).Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to estimate the_.（分数：2.00）A.height of the hillB.speed of soundC.distance to the hillD.intensity of sound(2).Practical application of this principle resulted in_.（分数：2.00）A.new electronic instruments for planesB.a radio directing and ranging deviceC.ne
6、w radio sets for RAF bombersD.an electronic detecting device(3).Radar enabled the English to_.（分数：2.00）A.detect German planes on their way to LondonB.direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectivelyC.confuse German bomber pilotsD.both A and B(4).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.ligh
7、t waves could be used in a device similar to radarB.radar was a practical application of a well-known principleC.radar gready increased the effectiveness of the Royal Air ForceD.sound waves are reflected from a hillside under all conditions(5).The author of this passage probably intended to explain
8、,_.（分数：2.00）A.exactly how radar worksB.why the British used radio waves in their deviceC.how radar(word and device)came to beD.how radar helped the British win the Battle of BritainIn general, the ancient Romans were a practical people. They cared less about philosophy and pure mathematics than the
9、Greeks did. The Romans were the best of the ancient engineers and architects. They were brilliant students of Greek geometry and trigonometry (三角学) , and they applied their knowledge to the construction of fine bridges, roads, aqueducts(渠道) , and public buildings. They knew about the smelting of iro
10、n ore, but they used the iron they produced mainly for spears, swords, and shields, rather than for building construction. While the Romans accomplished practical wonders, they did very little theoretical scientific thinking. Because of their frequent wars, many of their inventions were no more than
11、 improvements in the design of Greek weapons with which they were familiar . There are two reasons for the Roman neglect of philosophy and pure mathematics. First, they were apparently too busy conquering nearby nations and forming them into a rapidly growing empire to waste much time on abstract th
12、inking. Secondly, they were handicapped (妨碍) by the rigidity of their numerical system. (Try to multiply XI by LVII or to divide CXLIII by IX; it simply cannot be done with pencil and paper. ) The Romans did all of their arithmetic on an abacus, the ancient counterpart of the modern computing machin
13、e. Their number system discouraged the study of pure mathematics.（分数：10.00）(1).The author calls the Romans “practical“ because they_.（分数：2.00）A.cared little about philosophyB.applied their knowledge to constructionC.saw the necessity for developing theoretical scienceD.studied the past and learned f
14、rom it(2).The ancient Romans did not concern themselves with_.（分数：2.00）A.theoretical or abstract thoughtB.applied mathematicsC.studyingD.either A or C(3).In construction, the Romans made extensive use of_.（分数：2.00）A.iron oreB.geometry and trigonometryC.Greek mathematical thoughtD.both B and C(4).Man
15、y Roman inventions were based on Greek weapons because the_.（分数：2.00）A.Greeks had superior weaponsB.Romans were involved in frequent warsC.Romans were familiar with many types of weaponsD.Greeks proved themselves inspired inventors(5).The author of this passage probably wanted to explain why_.（分数：2.
16、00）A.he considered the Romans a practical peopleB.Roman architects and engineers were the best in ancient timesC.theoretical thinking is necessary for the growth of a nationD.the Romans contributed little to philosophical thoughtProfessor Barry Wellman of the University of Toronto in Canada has inve
17、nted a term to describe the way many north Americans interact these days. The term is “ networked individualism“. This concept is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings. How can we be individuals and be networked at the same time? You need other people for networks.
18、Here is what Professor Wellman means. Before the invention of the Internet and e-mail, our social networks involved live interactions with relatives, neighbors, and colleagues at work. Some of the interaction was by phone, but it was still voice to voice, person to person, in real time. A recent res
19、earch study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project showed that for a lot of people, electronic interaction through the computer has replaced this person-to-person interaction. However, a lot of people interviewed for the Pew study say thats a good thing. Why? In the past, many people were wor
20、ried that the Internet isolated us and caused us to spend too much time in the imaginary world of the computer . But the Pew study discovered that the opposite is true. The Internet connects us with more real people than expected helpful people who can give advice on careers, medical problems, raisi
21、ng children, and choosing a school or college. About 60 million Americans told Pew that the Internet plays an important role in helping them make major life decisions. Thanks to the computer, “networked individuals“ are able to be alone and together with other peopleat the same time .（分数：10.00）(1).T
22、he Pew study was conducted in_.（分数：2.00）A.The United StatesB.CanadaC.The U. S. and CanadaD.Europe(2).In this article, a network is a group of connected_.（分数：2.00）A.radio or TV stationsB.peopleC.computersD.roads(3).Before the invention of the Internet, our connections with people took place mainly（分数
23、：2.00）A.in personB.by phoneC.by letterD.by e-mail(4).Which of the following has happened since the invention of the Internet and e-mail?（分数：2.00）A.People are talking on the phone more than ever.B.Interaction through the computer has replaced a lot of person to person interaction.C.Americans are turn
24、ing into hermits.D.Sixty million Americans have bought computers.(5).Which of the following was NOT one of the discoveries of the Pew study?（分数：2.00）A.The Internet has put us in touch with more people than expected.B.People use the Internet to get advice on careers, medical problems, and other quest
25、ions.C.For many Americans, the Internet plays an important role in helping them make important decisions.D.Internet addiction is a growing problem among people who use computers.（非英语类学生必做） Summers with father were always enjoyable. Swimming, hiking, boating, fishing the days were not long enough to
26、contain all of our activities. There never seemed to be enough time to go to church, which disturbed some friends and relations. Accused of neglecting this part of our education, my father instituted a summer school for my brother and me. However, his summer course included ancient history, which Pa
27、pa felt our schools neglected, and navigation, in which we first had a formal examination in the dining room, part of which consisted of tying several knots in a given time limit. Then we were each separately sent on what was grandly referred to as a cruise in my fathers 18 foot knockabout, spending
28、 the night on board, and loaded down, according to my mother, with enough food for a week. I remember that on my cruise I was required to formally plot our course, using the tide table, even though our goal was an island I could see quite clearly across the water in the distance.（分数：10.00）(1).What w
29、as the original reason for holding the summer school?（分数：2.00）A.The father wanted the children to learn more about religion.B.The children got poor grades in their regular school.C.The regular school teachers neglected the children.D.Friends and relatives thought the children should learn religion.(
30、2).The purpose of the cruise mentioned in the passage was to_.（分数：2.00）A.have funB.test the authors sailing abilityC.reward the author for completing summer schoolD.get to the island(3).Why did the author have to plot the course of her cruise?（分数：2.00）A.She had to demonstrate her ability to do so.B.
31、She was afraid of getting lost.C.The coast was dangerous.D.The tides were strong.(4).How long did the authors cruise last?（分数：2.00）A.All summer.B.Overnight.C.A week.D.One day, morning till night.(5).Apparently a knockabout is_.（分数：2.00）A.a seamans knotB.a cruiseC.an islandD.a boat（英语类学生必做） The three
32、 main types of secondary education in the United States have been provided by the Latin grammar school, the academy, and the public high school. The first of these was a colonial institution. It began in New England with the establishment in 1635 of the Boston Free Latin School. The curriculum consi
33、sted mainly of the classical languages, and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college, where most of them would be fitted for the ministry. The academy began in the early 1750s with Benjamin Franklins school in Philadelphia, Which later became the University of Penns
34、ylvania. It extended generally to about the middle of the nineteenth century, except in the southern states where the public high school was late in developing and where the academy continued a principal means of secondary education even after 1900. The academy was open to girls as well as to boys,
35、and it provided a wider curriculum than the Latin grammar school had furnished. It was designed not only as a preparation for college but also for practical life in commercial and business activities. Although its wide educational values were evident and are recognized as important contributions to
36、secondary education in this country, the academy was never considered a public institution as the public high school has come to be. The public high school had its origin in Massachusetts in 1821 when the English Classical School was established in Boston. In 1827, that state enacted the first state
37、-wide public high school law in the Untied States. By 1840, there were perhaps a dozen public high schools in Massachusetts and many in other eastern states; by 1850, they were also to be found in many other states. Just as the curriculum of the academy grew out of that of the Latin grammar school,
38、so the curriculum of the public high school developed out of that of the academy . The public high school in the United States is a rejection of the aristocratic (贵族) and selective principle of the European educational tradition. Since 1890, enrollments in secondary schools, mainly public high schoo
39、ls, have practically doubled in this country every ten years.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the main types of secondary education in the United States have been provided by_.（分数：2.00）A.New England establishmentsB.the Latin grammar school and the academyC.the public high schoolD.both B and C(
40、2).According to the passage, which of the following sequences indicates the order in which the school developed?（分数：2.00）A.Latin grammar school, public high school, academy.B.Latin grammar school, academy, public high school.C.Public high school, Latin grammar school, academy.D.Public high school, a
41、cademy, Latin grammar school.(3).Since 1908, secondary-school enrollments have_.（分数：2.00）A.almost doubled every ten yearsB.practically doubledC.declined in enrollmentD.increased tenfold(4).In the southern states, the principal means of secondary education even after 1900 continued to be the_.（分数：2.0
42、0）A.Latin grammar schoolB.academyC.classical language schoolD.church school(5).One can properly infer from this article that “Latin grammar school“ refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.the Boston Free Latin SchoolB.all elementary schools in the United StatesC.schools which taught Latin exclusive of all other subje
43、ctsD.a number of grammar schools which developed in New England二、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：40，分数：80.00)1.Mary is one of the brightest students who_from New York University.（分数：2.00）A.graduatedB.have graduatedC.had graduatedD.has graduated2.My friends son, who is a soldier, was delighted when he was_o
44、nly a few miles from home.（分数：2.00）A.campedB.situatedC.placedD.stationed3.She has bought some lovely_to make herself a dress.（分数：2.00）A.stuffB.clothingC.materialD.pattern4.She is pleased with what you have given her husband and_you have fold him.（分数：2.00）A.thatB.whichC.al whatD.all that5.I passed my
45、 exams but it was a long time_my friends about it.（分数：2.00）A.that I didnt tellB.before I toldC.after I toldD.since I told6.The stone statue in the city square was put up_the fallen heroes.（分数：2.00）A.in memory ofB.in search ofC.in terms ofD.in view of7.When I applied for my passport to be renewed, I
46、had to send a_photo.（分数：2.00）A.freshB.familiarC.recentD.late8.The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also _ many social customs.（分数：2.00）A.joinB.shareC.createD.maintain9._from the hill-top, the lake scenery is beyond description.（分数：2.00）A.SeenB.SeeingC.To seeD.Having see
47、n10.In many schools, students dont have easy access _computers.（分数：2.00）A.ofB.intoC.forD.to11.His success was due to_he had been working hard all the time.（分数：2.00）A.thatB.the fact whichC.the fact thatD.the fact what12.He didnt want to go to the cinema but they begged so hard that he finally_ and we
48、nt with them.（分数：2.00）A.gave offB.gave awayC.gave outD.gave in13.The toy boat turned over and sank to the _of the pool.（分数：2.00）A.bottomB.groundC.floorD.base14.You mustnt be_, or else you will make a lot of mistakes.（分数：2.00）A.quickB.hastyC.rapidD.fast15.Do not disturb me. I_letters all morning and
49、have written six so far.（分数：2.00）A.writeB.am writingC.was writingD.have been writing16.Teachers always tell their students that it is no good _ todays work for tomorrow.（分数：2.00）A.to leaveB.leavingC.leftD.leave17.I have really got angry with John because_I suggest, he always disagrees.（分数：2.00）A.whateverB.anythingC.whatD.everything18.George had great difficulty in swimming across the lake, but he finally su
