1、专升本英语-53 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：18，分数：100.00)1.“Surfing the Internet can be as addictive as drugs, alcohol or gambling.“ a university of Pittsburgh researcher said last month. In a study of almost 400 men and women in Canada, researchers found Internet addiction hooked
2、 people into spending 40 hours or more a week online, most often involved in role-playing games or engaging in chat room discussions. One 17-year-old boy was so addicted to Internet activities that his parents had to admit him to a drug-alcohol rehabilitation hospital for 10 days for treatment. One
3、woman, described by friends, family and children as the perfect homemaker, wife and mother, became so addicted to the Internet that she would not cook, clean or do the laundry and was neglecting her children and husband because she was spending as many as 12 hours a day talking to acquaintances on t
4、he Internet. Finally her husband said, “choose me or the computer.“ She divorced him. Psychologist Kimberly Young, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Pittsburgh“s Bradford Campus, found that 76 percent of the subjects in the study spend an average of 40 hours a week on the Intern
5、et. Of the 396 people who met Young“s criteria for addicted Internet users, 157 were men, 239 women. The men were younger with an average age of 29, the women averaged 43 years of age. The largest group of addicted users of the Internet were people who were not working outside the home: that is, hom
6、emakers, students, and those who were disabled or retired. In a presentation at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Toronto, 82 percent of the addicted users said they had slowly drifted into their addictions. Young described the Internet as any online system such as Amer
7、ica online, CompuServe, Prodigy, computer bulletin board systems or the Internet itself, accessed by an Internet Provider. What does this passage mainly talk about?（分数：1.00）A.Internet can be as harmful as drugs.B.Internet is very important nowadays.C.People are easily addicted to Internet.D.Women ar
8、e more easily addicted to Internet.2.Following divorce, life for you and your children can be unnecessarily complicated by a variety of problems you simply hadn“t foreseen. Yet once you understand how and why your life has changed after divorce, and what you can do about it, you can gain a fresh per
9、spective and move in the direction of improving your life. Richard Crawford was only six years old when his mother, a beautiful 32-year-old woman, first brought him to me. She claimed that Richard had “problems“ adjusting to the divorce she“s acquired only five months previously. But after several s
10、essions, she tearfully confessed that bringing Richard to see me was only an excuse to get help for herself. “I felt shy at first about telling you the truth, but I simply have to get the whole thing off my mind. Since I divorced Clive about five months ago, my life“s collapsed. I feel so depressed,
11、 lonely, rejected, and afraid of the future!“ “And now you feel the divorce was a big mistake?“ I asked. “Yes. But I was the one who wanted the divorce, and now I feel so miserable and depressed. I guess I“m too mixed up to think in a clear way.“ She replied. “It“s very common for somebody to realiz
12、e gradually that life after a divorce can be more hurtful, in so many unexpected ways, than the life they endured with their former spouse(配偶). Right now things looked pretty grim and hopeless. But you“ll survive, and hopefully, start a new and better life for yourself and Richard.“ You should not u
13、se Richard as an excuse not to be socially active. You“ve a right to build a new life for yourself, to change your style of living to suit your new circumstances. Your self-confidence can be built up again through happy, pleasant, rewarding social experiences with new friends, new hobbies, and a new
14、 life style. Don“t let guilt feeling stand in your way. In this selection, the author mainly talked about _.（分数：2.00）A.how Mrs. Crawford had divorced her husbandB.how the mother and her son felt after the divorceC.what a single mother should do to adjust to the new life after divorceD.his sympathy f
15、or a woman who was divorced by her husband3.One thing almost everyone is agreed on, including Americans, is that they place a very high valuation upon success. Success does not necessarily mean material rewards but recognition of some sortpreferably measurable. If the boy turns out to be a preacher,
16、 instead of a businessman, that“s all right. But the bigger his church and congregation, the more successful he is judged to be. A good many things contributed to this accent on success. There was the Puritan belief in the virtue of work, both for its own sake and because the rewards it brought were
17、 regarded as signs of God“s love. There was the richness of opportunity in a land waiting to be settled. There was the lack of a settled society with fixed ranks and classes, so that a man was certain to rise through achievement. There was the determination of the immigrant to gain in the new world
18、what had been denied to him in the old, and on the part of his children an urge to throw off the immigrant onus(负担) by still more success and still more rise in the fluid, classless society. Brothers didn“t compete within the family for the favor of the parents as in Europe, but strove for success i
19、n the outer world, along paths of their own choosing. What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Americans place a high valuation upon success.B.There are many ways to gain success in America.C.How success is measured in America.D.The Puritan believe in success.4.Exchange a glance with someone,
20、 and then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person“s gaze withou
21、t being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up (打量) and to assure them that you mean no threat. Since being close to anot
22、her person signals the possibility of interaction, you need to emit a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye contact, which sociologist Erring Goffman(1963) calls “a dimming of the lights“ You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another pas
23、senger“s eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself. If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on th
24、e person and the situation. For instance a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, and then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare,
25、he signals “I know you,“ “I am interested in you,“ or “You look peculiar and I am curious about you.“ This type of stare often produces hostile feelings. The passage mainly discusses _.（分数：2.00）A.the limitation of eye contactB.the exchange of ideas through eye contactC.proper behavior in various sit
26、uationsD.the role of eye contact in interpersonal communication5.In the second half of year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status
27、 and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large number of people. The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances even thousands of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by
28、the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is conv
29、erted to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a counter-clockwise motion. The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricane“s rain
30、fall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12 inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful moveme
31、nt of the sea the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The HurricaneIts Harms anti Benefits.B.The Benefits of Hurricane.C.The H
32、urricane and Its Great Energy.D.The Disaster Caused by Hurricanes.6.Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic (流行性) proportions. Not the disease itselfthere is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates a
33、re leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90
34、percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up.“ This is not at all the meaning. The 80 percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies ar
35、ound the worldfor example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indicate th
36、ere may be special and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, which determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communitiesbut that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same
37、everywhere. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Cancer and EnvironmentB.The Fear Caused by CancersC.Data on Cancer IncidenceD.Cancer and Its Investigation7.Central Park, emerging from a period of abuse and neglect, remains one of the most popular attractions in
38、New York City, with half a million out-of-towners among the more than 3 million people who visit the park yearly. About 15 million individual visits are made each year. Summer is the season for softball, concerts, and Shakespeare; fall is stunning; winter is wonderful for sledding, skating, and skii
39、ng; and spring-time is the loveliest of all. It was all planned that way. About 130 years ago Frederic Law Olmsted and his collaborator Calvert Vaux submitted their landscaping plan for rectangular parcel two miles north of the town“s center. The barren swampy tract, home for squatters and a bone-bo
40、iling works that made glue, was reported as “a pestilential spot where miasmic odors taint every breath of air“. It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and rock, and to plant half a million trees and shrubs, making a tribute to naturea romantic n
41、ineteenth-century perception of nature. What exists today is essentially Olmsted and Vaux“s plan, with more trees, buildings, and asphalt. Landscape architects still speak reverently of Olmsted“s genius and foresight, and the sensitive visitor can see the effects he sought. With what subject is the
42、passage mainly concerned?（分数：2.00）A.The lives of Olmsted and Vaux.B.New York City“s tourist industry.C.Examples of nineteenth-century art in New York City.D.The development of Central Park.8.The American economic system is organized around a basically private enterprise, market-oriented economy in w
43、hich consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the market-place for those goods and services in competition with other businessmen, and the profit motive operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in
44、the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in
45、a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by sel
46、ler-producers. The important factor in private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at profit. In the American economy, the
47、 concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of product or to make a free contract with another private individual. The passage is mainly about _.（分数：2.00）A.how American goods are producedB.ho
48、w American consumers buy their goodsC.how American economic system worksD.how American businessmen make their profits9.Having no language infants cannot be told what they need to learn. Yet by the age of three they will have mastered the basic structure of their native language and will be well on t
49、heir way to communicative competence. Acquiring their language as a most impressive intellectual feat is the rapid acquisition of grammar. Nevertheless, the ability of children to conform to grammatical rules is only slightly more wonderful than their ability to learn words. It has been reckoned that the average high school graduate in the United States has a reading vocabulary of 80,000 words, which includes idiomatic expressions and proper names of people and places. This vocabulary must have been learned over a period of 16 years. From the figures, it can be calculated
