1、专升本英语-61 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：100.00)Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems a
2、re perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things
3、 you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn“t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct yo
4、ur dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,“ it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack by using extreme
5、 measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together m
6、ore enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.（分数：12.50）(1).Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _.（分数：2.50）A.worsen in modern societyB.occur when they go wildC.be just part of their natureD.present a thre
7、at to the community(2).The primary purpose of obedience training is to _.（分数：2.50）A.teach the dog to perform clever tricksB.enable the dog to regain its normal behaviorC.make the dog aware of its owner“s authorityD.provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior(3).Effective communication between
8、 a dog and its owner is _.（分数：2.50）A.an extreme measure in obedience trainingB.a good way to teach the dog new tricksC.the foundation for dogs to perform tasksD.essential to solving the dog“s behavior problems(4).Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?（分数：2.50）A.To show their willi
9、ngness to obeyB.To show their affection for their mastersC.To avoid being punishedD.To win leadership of the dog pack(5).When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _.（分数：2.50）A.will enjoy a better family lifeB.can give the dog more freedomC.can give the dog more rewardsD.will ha
10、ve more confidence in himselfIn recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that w
11、hile variety certainly makes the worker“s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no do
12、ubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important
13、consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the
14、 production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perh
15、aps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter wo
16、rking hours be so important to them.（分数：12.50）(1).Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true?（分数：2.50）A.To make jobs more varied.B.To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way.C.Degree of work contribution.D.Demands for longer working hours.(2).Why workers
17、 want more money?（分数：2.50）A.Because their jobs are too boring.B.In order to enjoy more spare time.C.To make their jobs more interesting.D.To demand shorter working hours.(3).The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers“ jobs more interesting _.（分数：2.50）A.they will wan
18、t more moneyB.they will demand shorter working hoursC.more money and shorter working hours are important factorsD.more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them(4).In this passage, the author tells us _.（分数：2.50）A.how to make the workers more productiveB.impossible factors lea
19、ding to greater efficiencyC.to what extent more money leads to greater productivityD.how to make workers“ jobs more interesting(5).The author of this passage is probably a _.（分数：2.50）A.teacherB.workerC.managerD.physicistIn the last century people have accomplished almost unbelievable technological f
20、eats. From the invention of the steamship to the development of the spaceship, humankind“s mechanical genius has been displayed. A phone is picked up and through a thin, plastic-coated wire, conversation reaches people around the block or thousands of miles away. Television creates images on a glass
21、 screen, and soon, through holography(全息照相技术) a screen may not even be needed. This apparent technological mastery has led people to the quite incorrect and dangerous belief that technology can solve any and every problem the environment presents. All that is needed is enough time, effort, money, an
22、d know-how. But not everything is possible. For instance, unaided humans in their present form could not run a mile in one minute, or anywhere near it. That is believed to be biologically impossible. Just as some things are biologically impossible, others are technologically infeasible or improbable
23、. It is not likely that we will solve the world“s food problem technologically. Even with the great advances in methods of food production, more people are starving today than ever before. This is partially because population is increasing faster than the research and innovations that compensate for
24、 such population growth. Technology, for most people, is not the solution to the loneliness or despair, nor will it alleviate(缓解) hatred or prejudice. It can be a tool but not a total cure. In fact, the advanced technologies of modern people might ultimately end our existence, because if technologic
25、al “progress“ is not accompanied by appropriate social change and ecological(生态的) responsibility, people may drown in the poisons of their own industrial wastes.（分数：12.50）(1).What is the main topic of this passage?（分数：2.50）A.The rapid development of technology in the last century.B.The significance
26、of the combination of technological progress with social change and environmental protection.C.The disadvantages of technological progress.D.The possible role of technology in the destruction of human civilization.(2).In Para. 1, the author gives a few examples of technological achievements to show
27、all of the following EXCEPT that _.（分数：2.50）A.these achievements are really marvelous and extraordinaryB.the technological progress has solved many of the problems the environment presentedC.the development of technology is always good for humanD.people could form false belief out of the great achie
28、vements of technological progress(3).It can be inferred from the passage that the expression “the last century“ (Para. 1) is used to refer to _.（分数：2.50）A.the 19th centuryB.the 20th centuryC.the 18th centuryD.the past century(4).In Para. 3, the author uses the example of the world“s food problem to
29、show that _.（分数：2.50）A.its solution lies in both technological and social progressB.it is only a social problemC.it can be settled by advanced science and technologyD.it is a problem that will never be solved(5).The first sentence of Para. 4 could be paraphrased as which of the following?（分数：2.50）A.
30、Technological progress will not bring us happiness.B.Human happiness and friendship cannot be achieved exclusively through technological development.C.World peace cannot be achieved through technology.D.Human well-being cannot be realized with material means.Computers may one day turn night into day
31、with good old, natural sunlight. Colossal computer-controlled mirrors, thousands of feet across, may one day orbit the earth, reflecting sunlight onto a darkened United States. Some scientists say that 16 of these mirrors, each about a half mile across could aim their reflected light at one area on
32、the earth that was about 200 miles by 300 miles. That much light would equal about 56 moons. The mirrors would be so high that they could catch the sun“s light as it was shining on the other side of the earth. The mirrors could orbitthousands of miles highat the same speed as the earth turns on its
33、axis(轴). That way, the mirrors would always be over the same spot. The aluminum-coated (涂铝的), plastic mirrors could be folded up and packed into a space-ship, according to the scientists. Once released a few hundred miles in space, the mirrors, powered by a solar-powered engine, could make the rest
34、of the trip into space on their own. The scientists say that the computer-controlled mirrors could also be made to tilt(倾斜) slowly, so the reflected sunlight would sweep slowly along the surface of the earth. For example, as night fell, the mirrors could be tilted to light up Boston. Later on, as da
35、rkness spread slowly west-ward, Chicago, for example, then San Francisco could be lit up. The reflected sunlight would allow these cities to save up electricity. And in emergencies, such as power-failures, the mirrors could light up the affected area. What no one knows yet is what effect this artifi
36、cial daytime would have on plants, animals, and humans. Would it confuse some animals and harm plants that are used to regular day-night cycles? The scientists recommend that studies be done to find out what bad effects there might be.（分数：12.50）(1).The word “colossal“ in Para. 2 most likely means _.
37、（分数：2.50）A.nuclear-poweredB.orbitingC.giantD.spinning(2).Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the mirrors?（分数：2.50）A.They would be made of plastic and coated with aluminum.B.They could be launched directly into space.C.They would stay in the same position over the earth.D.They could reflect sunligh
38、t to a large area on the earth.(3).The reflected light would sweep slowly along the surface of the earth because the mirrors _.（分数：2.50）A.would be operated by solar-powered enginesB.would orbit thousands of miles high to catch the sun“s lightC.could move around the earth at the same speed as the ear
39、th turns on its axisD.could be made to adjust their angles(4).The purpose for turning night into day is to _.（分数：2.50）A.confuse animals and plantsB.light up more citiesC.save energy and deal with emergenciesD.enable people to work longer hours(5).The writer of this passage _.（分数：2.50）A.gives an obje
40、ctive account of the mirrorsB.seems to be much worried about the effect of the mirrorsC.is in favor of the wide use of mirrorsD.suggests that artificial daylight is harmful to living beingsTides are created mainly by the pull of the moon on the earth. The moon“s pull causes water in the oceans to be
41、 a little deeper at a point closest to the moon and also at a point farthest from the moon on the opposite side of the earth. These two tidal “waves“ follow the apparent movement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly every coast line at intervals of about twelve hours and twenty-five minute
42、s. After reaching a high point, the water level goes down gradually for a little more than six hours and then begins to rise toward a new high point. Hence, most coast lines have two tides a day and the tides occur fifty minutes later each day. Differences in the coast line and in channels in the oc
43、ean bottom may change the time that the tidal wave reaches different points along the same coast line. The difference in water level between high and low tide varies from day to day according to the relative positions of the sun and the moon. The sun also exerts a pull on the earth, although it is o
44、nly about half as strong as the pull of the tides arise higher and when they pull at right angles to one another, the tide is lower. The formation of the coast line and variations in the weather are additional factors which can affect the height of tides. Some sections of the coast are shaped in suc
45、h a way as to cause much higher tides than are experienced in other areas. A strong wind blowing toward the shore may also cause tides to the higher.（分数：12.50）(1).Which of the following is right according to the passage?（分数：2.50）A.Some coast lines do not have two tides each day.B.Tides are not affec
46、ted by the shape of coast line.C.The sun has as much effect on tides as does the moon.D.Tides usually rise to the same land day after day.(2).The time that high tide occurs at a particular place is affected by all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.50）A.the direction of the windB.channels in the sea bo
47、ttomC.variations in the coast lineD.the position of the moon(3).Which of the following is an accurate statement about the pull of the sun on the earth?（分数：2.50）A.It is about twice the pull of the moon.B.It determines the time of high tide.C.It determines the time of low tide.D.It is about half the p
48、ull of the moon.(4).The height of the tide is affected by all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.50）A.the position of the sunB.channels in the sea bottomC.the direction of the windD.variations in the coast line(5).Tides would _ if the pull of the moon equaled the pull of the sun.（分数：2.50）A.be the same
49、height as they are nowB.be of equal height all the timeC.sometimes be higher than they are nowD.no longer be affected by the windDuring the Christmas shopping rush in London, a story was reported of a tramp(流浪者) who, apparently through no fault of his own, found himself locked in a well-known chain store late on Christmas Eve. No doubt the store was crowded with last-minute Christmas shoppers and the staff were dead beat and longing to get home. Presumably all the proper security checks were made before the
