1、专升本英语-65 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：100.00)By 1970, according to a World Wildlife Fund report, only about 4,500 tigers survived throughout the worldhalf of them in India. Mr. Foresters, who followed and counted tiger footprints, estimated that in May 1972 only about 1
2、,800 tiger existed in India. Project Tiger supported by W. W. F. was immediately launched. Nine tiger reserves were created, with armed guards protecting them. The project provided opportunities for researchers from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable i
3、nformation about their habits. Studies show that a male tiger may control a hunting territory of between 10 and 20 sq. kms. depending on its age, size and strength. The territory of a male includes the smaller territories of three or four tigresses: A tiger marks the boundaries of its territory by s
4、praying urine (尿) and other bodily liquids on bushes. But it tries to avoid territorial fights, being guided by the distinctive body smell of other tigers. Tigers fight to death only when a tigress is defending her young, or when a tiger is guarding a tigress from the attentions of other males. The
5、popular image of the tiger is that of a merciless and unconquerable hunter. But studies show that it catches only one of 20 victims it tries to attack. Fears have recently developed that Project Tiger has been too successful. It has enabled the tiger population to double (by mid-80s) but India“s hum
6、an population has also grown out of control. Currently it is 750 million and likely to be 900 million by the end of the century. Land problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers. A growing number of attacks by tigers on
7、man has added to the hostility.（分数：12.50）(1).The ultimate aim of Project Tiger is to _.（分数：2.50）A.protect tigers from being killedB.study the growth rate of tigersC.promote the breeding of young tigersD.analyze the behavioral patterns of tigers(2).Studies have shown that _.（分数：2.50）A.a tigress never
8、 attacks until attackedB.the tigress is not as fierce as the tigerC.the tiger is not an efficient hunter as is commonly describedD.a tiger usually fights another tiger to defend its own territory(3).According to the passage, a tiger“s territory _.（分数：2.50）A.remains unchangedB.is often defended by ti
9、gressesC.is the cause of most fightsD.expands as the tiger grows up(4).Some people are afraid that Project Tiger _.（分数：2.50）A.has failed to achieve its goalB.has not received enough attentionC.has been carried too farD.is not worth the money spent on it(5).The author seems _.（分数：2.50）A.to have a mat
10、ter-of-fact attitude towards Project TigerB.to be enthusiastic about Project TigerC.to have a hostile attitude towards Project TigerD.to be satisfied with Project TigerWe use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in differ
11、ent ways. It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably
12、 because they are born with those behavior patterns. Fear is another emotion that is shown in much the same way all over the world. In Chinese and in English literature, a phrase like “he went pale and begin to tremble“ suggests that the man is either very afraid or he has just got a very big shock.
13、 However, “he opened his eyes wide“ is used to suggest anger in Chinese whereas in English it means surprise. In Chinese “surprise“ can be described in a phrase like “they stretched out their tongues!“ Sticking out your tongue in English is an insulting gesture or expresses strong dislike. Even in t
14、he same culture, people differ in ability to understand and express feelings. Experiments in America have shown that women are usually better than men at recognizing fear, anger, love and happiness on people“s faces. Other studies show that older people usually find it easier to recognize or underst
15、and body language than younger people do.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, _.（分数：2.50）A.we can hardly understand what people“s gestures meanB.we can not often be sure what people mean when they describe their feelings in words or gesturesC.words can be better understood by older peopleD.gestur
16、es can be understood by most of the people while words can not(2).People“s facial expressions may be misunderstood because _.（分数：2.50）A.people of different ages may have different understandingB.people have different culturesC.people of different sex may understand a gesture in a different wayD.peop
17、le of different countries speak different languages(3).In the same culture, _.（分数：2.50）A.people have different ability to understand and express feelingsB.people have the same understanding of somethingC.people never fail to understand each otherD.people are equally intelligent(4).From this passage,
18、 we can conclude that _.（分数：2.50）A.words are used as frequently as gesturesB.words are often found difficult to understandC.words and gestures are both used in expressing feelingsD.gestures are more efficiently used than words(5).The best title for this passage may be _.（分数：2.50）A.Words and Feelings
19、B.Words, Gestures and FeelingsC.Gestures and FeelingsD.Culture and UnderstandingThe accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist“s time-keeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise time-keepin
20、g. In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking“. This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. Atom in ammonia, for example, vibrates or “tic
21、ks“ 24 billion times a second. One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this Atomichron is a cesium(铯) atom that vibrates 9.2
22、billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water. An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein“s relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time different
23、ly. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.（分数：12.50）(1).The selection says that the accuracy of scientific observation
24、depends on _.（分数：2.50）A.methods of measurementB.basic assumptionsC.time-keeping methodsD.earlier experiments(2).Atomic clocks differ according to _.（分数：2.50）A.functionB.the rate of vibrationC.the type of molecule or atom usedD.both B and C(3).The Atomichron will be used in _.（分数：2.50）A.making astron
25、omical observationsB.measuring vibration ratesC.broadcastingD.all of the above(4).From the selection, we may assume that temperature changes _.（分数：2.50）A.affect only ammonia moleculesB.may affect the vibration rate of atomsC.affect the speed at which atoms travelD.do not affect atoms in any way(5).A
26、n appropriate title for this selection would be _.（分数：2.50）A.A Peacetime Use of the AtomB.The Satellite TimekeeperC.Atoms and MoleculesD.The Role of the ClockNowadays, with women playing an ever-increasing role in all kinds of careers and professions, it is difficult to understand that there was a t
27、ime when no medical school would accept a woman. They all said that only a man could be a doctor. An American, Elizabeth Blackwell, was determined to become the first woman doctor in the world. After a great deal of delay and opposition, she received, to her great surprise, a letter from the Dean of
28、 Geneva College informing her that she had been accepted. Much later, Elizabeth discovered what had actually happened when her application had been received by the College authorities. None of them wanted to have a woman student, but they did not wish to offend the influential Philadelphia doctor wh
29、o had recommended her, so they hit on the expedient of turning the decision over to the students general meeting. They were quite certain that this would result in this alarming idea being turned down. But when the student body met, many of them thought it would be amusing to be the only medical col
30、lege in the country which could boast that it was training some sort of Amazon as a woman doctor. Some genuinely believed that women should be treated equally. While others thought of the whole thing as a joke. So the vote in favor was carried unanimously, and the college authorities found, with dis
31、may, that they would now have to admit Elizabeth. A few days after receiving the notification of her acceptance, Elizabeth was on the train for the two-day journey to Geneva College.（分数：12.50）(1).It is unbelievable that in the past _.（分数：2.50）A.no medical schoolB.no good woman doctorC.medical school
32、 would accept a woman studentD.woman medical student could become doctor(2).Elizabeth Blackwell _.（分数：2.50）A.already knew that her application would be approvedB.had never expected that she would be admittedC.never doubted that she would become a medical studentD.always doubted the fact that she bec
33、ame a medical student(3).Why were students asked to decide on Elizabeth“s application?（分数：2.50）A.Because the college was democratic.B.Because all the policy was decided by students in that college.C.Because students were more fair than the authorities.D.Because the college authorities believed that
34、man students would not accept Blackwell meanwhile they would not offend the recommender.(4).“Unanimously“ (in the second paragraph) means _.（分数：2.50）A.not the sameB.not agreedC.not in the same wayD.all agree(5).The students agreed to accept Elizabeth Blackwell as fellow student _.（分数：2.50）A.for some
35、 reason untoldB.they believed in equality of the sexesC.so as not to offend the authoritiesD.because they thought it would be amusingAll that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course
36、 of the universe with anything like certainty. There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know exactly what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it. Perhaps the best way to th
37、ink of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard(编组站). All of the switches(转辙器) are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely determined. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say
38、with confidence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will. At the unseen switches, however, there is no such certainty. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and
39、what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our “track“ many billions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal of
40、science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe because we _.（分数：2.50）A.have too many conflicting theoriesB.do not have enough funding
41、 to continue our researchC.are not sure how the universe is put togetherD.have focused our investigations on the moon and planets(2).What does the author see as the function of the universe“s unseen “switches“?（分数：2.50）A.They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use.B.They enable us to
42、alter the course of the universe.C.They give us information about the lunar surface.D.They determine which course the universe will take in the future.(3).In the last paragraph, the word “track“ could best be replaced by which of the following?（分数：2.50）A.Band.B.Rails.C.Path.D.Sequence.(4).For whom i
43、s the author probably writing this passage?（分数：2.50）A.Train engineers.B.Professors of statistics.C.General audiences.D.Young children.(5).Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage?（分数：2.50）A.A statement illustrated by an analogy(类比).B.A hypothesis supported by
44、documentation(引出文献).C.A comparison of two contrasting theories.D.A critical analysis of a common assumption.Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want to say it well, but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. He hopes the pu
45、blic will listen and understandhe wants to teach them, and he wants them to learn from him. What visual artists like painters want to teach is easy to make out but difficult to explain, because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors, not words. They seem to feel that a certain s
46、election of shapes and colors, out of the countless billions possible, is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us. Without their work we should never have noticed these particular shapes and colors, or have felt the delight which they brought to the artist. Most artists take their
47、 shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and repose (安息); their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at, that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pa
48、ttern, that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects. If one painter chooses to paint a gangrenous(坏疽) leg and another a lake in moonlight. Each of them is directing our attention to a certain aspect of the world, each pai
49、nter is telling us something, showing us something, emphasizing somethingall of which means that, consciously or unconsciously, he is trying to teach us.（分数：12.50）(1).It is hard to explain what a painter is saying, because _.（分数：2.50）A.most painters do not express themselves wellB.a painter uses unusual words and phrasesC.a painter uses shapes and colors instead of wordsD.many painters do not say anything(2).Without the artist“s work the public might not _.（分数：2.50）A.notice particul
