1、专升本英语分类模拟 69 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：100.00)Suppose we built a robot (机器人) to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all
2、 times? No. The robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to cease its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning. According to the evolutionary theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and
3、waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort
4、 of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent. The evolutionary theory accounts well for differences in sleep amon
5、g creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they
6、 sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.（分数：12.50）(1).The author uses the example of the
7、 robot in space exploration to tell us _.（分数：2.50）A.the difference between robots and menB.the reason why men need to sleepC.about the need for robots to save powerD.about the danger of men working at night(2).Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him _.（分数：2.50）A.maintain a
8、 regular pattern of lifeB.prevent trouble that comes looking for himC.avoid danger and inefficient laborD.restore his bodily functions(3).According to the author, we cannot sleep well when we _.（分数：2.50）A.are worrying about our safetyB.are overworkedC.are in a tentD.are away from home(4).Cats sleep
9、much more than horses do partly because cats _.（分数：2.50）A.need more time for restorationB.are unlikely to be attackedC.are more active than horses when they are awakeD.spend less time eating to get enough energy(5).Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.50）A.Evolution has equip
10、ped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.B.The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.C.Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.D.The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.“Congratu
11、lations, Mr. Jones, it“s a girl.“ Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who li
12、ke children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy(怀孕) Was an accident that both husband
13、and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly. Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although n
14、umerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father“s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother“s role. The mothe
15、r“s role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation, on the other hand, the father“s role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thou
16、ght by many as the bread-winner in the household.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the author, being a father _.（分数：2.50）A.brings a feeling of excitement to some menB.has a different meaning for those who have daughtersC.makes some men feel proud and others uneasyD.means nothing but more responsibilities(2
17、).It is stated in the passage that _.（分数：2.50）A.some parents are not prepared to have a childB.young couples do not like children at allC.working couples do not have much time to take care of their childrenD.many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child(3).In the second paragraph, t
18、he author _.（分数：2.50）A.criticizes fathers for not taking enough responsibilities in bringing up their childrenB.excuses the American writers for ignoring the difficulties of being a fatherC.supports the idea that the chief role of a father is to earn money for the familyD.complains about the lack of
19、 social programs to help husbands adjust themselves to being a father(4).The transition to the mother“s role requires that the wife _.（分数：2.50）A.change her life style in a highly innovative wayB.make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situationC.stay at home to take care of
20、the babyD.help her husband in his re-socialization process(5).Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, lathers, compared with mothers, _.（分数：2.50）A.have to shoulder more burdensB.have to make more difficult adaptationsC.have an easier job to doD.can usually do a better jobUnder p
21、roper conditions, sound waves will be reflected from a hillside or other such obstruction. Sound travels at the rate of about one-fifth of a mile per second. If the hill is eleven hundred feet away, it takes two seconds for the sound to travel to the hill and back. Thus, by timing the interval betwe
22、en a sound and its reflection(the echo), you can estimate the distance to an obstruction. During World War the British used a practical application of this principle to detect German planes on their way to bomb London long before the enemy was near the target. They used radio waves instead of sound
23、waves, since radio waves can penetrate fog and clouds. The outnumbered Royal Air Force (RAF) always seemed to the puzzled Germans to be lying in wait at the right time and never to be surprised. It was radio echoes more than anything else that won the Battle of Britain. Since the radio waves were us
24、ed to tell the direction in which to send the RAF planes and the distance to send them (their range of flight, in other words), the device was called radio directing and ranging, and from the initials the word radar was coined.（分数：12.50）(1).Sound waves reflected from a hill can be used to estimate t
25、he _.（分数：2.50）A.height of the hillB.speed of soundC.distance to the hillD.intensity of sound(2).The estimate is based on the _.（分数：2.50）A.direction of the hillB.accepted speed of soundC.interval between sound and echoD.both B and C(3).Practical application of this principle resulted in _.（分数：2.50）A.
26、new electronic instruments for planesB.a radio directing and ranging deviceC.new radio sets for RAF bombersD.an electronic detecting device(4).Radar enabled the English to _.（分数：2.50）A.detect German planes on their way to LondonB.direct the outnumbered RAF planes effectivelyC.confuse German bomber p
27、ilotsD.both A and B(5).The British used radio waves because they _.（分数：2.50）A.were more, exact than sound wavesB.could not be detectedC.could penetrate fog and cloudsD.were easier to use than sound wavesA rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlem
28、ent(新拓居地) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of safe, effective stopping syst
29、em. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines. The high point in
30、railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seab
31、oard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at
32、remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells
33、 to honor the great achievement. The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United State
34、s.（分数：12.50）(1).The major problems with America“s railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in _.（分数：2.50）A.poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systemsB.lack of financial support for developmentC.limited railroad linesD.lack of a transcontinental railroad(2).The building of the first transc
35、ontinental system _.（分数：2.50）A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the westB.attracted many visitors to the construction sitesC.attracted laborers from EuropeD.encouraged people to travel all over the country(3).The best title for this passage would be _.（分数：2.50）A.Settlements Sp
36、read WestwardB.The Coast-to-Coast Railroad: A Vital LinkC.American Railroad HistoryD.The Importance of Railroads in the American Economy(4).The construction of the transcontinental railroad took _.（分数：2.50）A.9 yearsB.7 yearsC.4 yearsD.3 years(5).What most likely made people think about a transcontin
37、ental railroad?（分数：2.50）A.The possibility of government support for such a task.B.The need to explore Utah.C.The need to connect the east coast with the west.D.The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time. To be in company, even w
38、ith the best, is soon wearisome and dissipating and I never found a companion so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad than when we stay in our chambers, for solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. The f
39、armer, who can work alone all day without feeling lonesome, but must recreate with others at night, wonders how the student can sit alone at night; he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is actually at work in his field and chopping his wood as the farmer was in his. Society is c
40、ommonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other; we meet at meals three times a day and give each other a new taste of that musty old cheese that we are; we live thick and are in each other“s way, and I think that we thus lose some resp
41、ect for one another. We have had to agree on a certain set of roles, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications between men. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a squa
42、re mile, as where I live, for as the value of a man is not in his skin, we need not touch him.（分数：12.50）(1).A man can be lonely in a crowd because _.（分数：2.50）A.loneliness doesn“t mean being aloneB.man always wants to workC.solitude involves space that intervene between a man and his fellowsD.lonelin
43、ess comes from lack of hearty communication(2).The author uses the example of the farmer and the student to show that _.（分数：2.50）A.men need recreation after their workB.men are not lonely when they are workingC.solitude is necessary, for a studentD.people have different conceptions of solitude(3).Wh
44、en the author says: “Society is commonly too cheap“, he means that _.（分数：2.50）A.we meet not frequently enoughB.we eat cheap food and live a simple lifeC.our lives are so regularD.people do not have enough hearty communication to realize the value in other people(4).The author“s opinion on the value
45、of a man is that _.（分数：2.50）A.it is underestimated by the rules of etiquette and politenessB.it can be discovered through frequent physical contactsC.it can be found in a man“s appearanceD.it doesn“t lie in physical contact(5).Which of the following is not the author“s idea?（分数：2.50）A.The idea of so
46、litude is embodied differently in a student and a farmer.B.The routine life underlies man“s loneliness.C.Etiquette and politeness are rules that make frequent meetings tolerable.D.Less frequent meetings can make us more aware of the value of men.A recent study described coal as a “bridge to the futu
47、re“. As the most plentiful fossil(化石) fuel in the world, coal has the possibility for filling a growing portion of the demand for energy. But problems cause some trouble to this promising old fuel. Coal is found around the globe, but three countriesthe United States, the Soviet Union and China own n
48、early two thirds of all known coal reserves. At present rates of using coal these reserves would last the world more than 200 years, according to the estimates carefully made. Furthermore, scientists think the world probably has 15 times this much coal. While the United States has the largest sharem
49、ore than a quarter of the 786 billion tons of known world coal reserves, both the Soviet Union and China produce almost as much coal as the U.S. does. In addition to the category of known reserves, the U. S. Geological Survey (地质调查所) has calculated that the United States has an estimated 1.7 trillion (万亿) tons of coal at depths of less than 3,000 feet. Unfortunately, much of this coal is not easy to get with present technology or at present prices. To produce and use much more coal
