1、专升本英语真题 2017 年(成考)及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第卷(总题数：5，分数：5.00)A.penaltyB.momentC.quarrelD.absentA.sympathyB.materialC.courageD.analysisA.starvationB.suggestionC.satisfactionD.situationA.donkeyB.turkeyC.moneyD.obeyA.reviseB.consistC.advertiseD.visit6.Jonathan and Joe left the house to go for _ afte
2、r supper.（分数：1.00）A.walkB.the walkC.walksD.a walk7.He pointed at the new car and asked,“_ is it? Have you ever seen it before?“（分数：1.00）A.WhyB.WhereC.WhoD.Whose8.My father asked _ to help with his work.（分数：1.00）A.I and TomB.Tom and meC.me and TomD.Tom and I9.Nowadays little knowledge _ to be a dange
3、rous thing.（分数：1.00）A.seemB.seemedC.does seemD.do seem10.If their marketing team succeeds, they _ their profits by 20 percent.（分数：1.00）A.will increaseB.would be increasingC.will have increasedD.would have been increasing11.You“d better take these documents with you _ you need them for the meeting.（分
4、数：1.00）A.unlessB.in caseC.untilD.so that12.I haven“t been to a pop festival before and Mike hasn“t _.（分数：1.00）A.tooB.as wellC.neitherD.either13._ is known to the world, Mark Twain was a great American writer.（分数：1.00）A.AsB.OnceC.ThatD.It14.John complained to the bookseller that there were several pa
5、ges _ in the dictionary.（分数：1.00）A.lackingB.losingC.missingD.dropping15.Not until the game had begun _ at the sports ground.（分数：1.00）A.should he have arrivedB.would he have arrivedC.did he arriveD.had he arrived16.Moviegoers know that many special effects are created by computers. _ they often don“t
6、 know is that these scenes still require a lot of work.（分数：1.00）A.ThatB.WhomC.WhatD.How17.The president is to give a formal _ at the opening ceremony.（分数：1.00）A.speechB.debateC.discussionD.argument18.When I am confronted with such questions, my mind goes _, and I can hardly remember my own date of b
7、irth.（分数：1.00）A.faintB.blankC.darkD.blind19.If they are willing to lend us the money we need, all our problems will be _.（分数：1.00）A.solvedB.causedC.coveredD.met20.This article _ more attention to the problem of cultural conflicts.（分数：1.00）A.cares forB.allows forC.applies forD.calls forWhat enables s
8、ome people to get big creative breakthroughs while others only get small and non-creative breakdowns, blaming themselves and society? Are some people “gifted“? Are there other factors 1 workfactors that we have more control over than we think? While nobody can deny the 2 that some people seem to be
9、blessed with particular creativity, research shows that anyone can 3 their chances of coming up with new and original ideas 4 they would only engage themselves more in the process of 5 . It“s the old Thomas Edison thing about “discovery 6 99 percent perspiration (汗水) and 1 percent inspiration.“ 7 ,
10、the studies prove this: great creative breakthroughs usually happen only 8 intense periods of struggle. It is sustained effort towards a specific goal 9 eventually prepares for great creative insights. This kind of sustained effort does not always 10 immediate results, a fact that not only separates
11、 the innovators (革新者) from non-innovators, but 11 leads some people to conclude that it is just not 12 for them. “Maybe I should have gone to medical school like my mother wanted,“ they wonder when the breakthrough is 13 to be found. Alas, one forgets during their inevitable encounters 14 self-doubt
12、, that the big surprise is never 15 . Indeed, it can happen at any time and place.（分数：30.00）A.toB.inC.atD.byA.issueB.problemC.reasonD.factA.missB.reduceC.increaseD.loseA.becauseB.ifC.whileD.whetherA.creationB.practiceC.productionD.achievementA.beingB.beC.wasD.wereA.Sooner or laterB.Some day or other
13、C.Every now and thenD.Time and againA.beyondB.afterC.aboveD.throughA.thatB.whoC.whatD.asA.createB.produceC.inspireD.encourageA.tooB.onceC.againD.alsoA.goodB.difficultC.possibleD.stupidA.anywhereB.everywhereC.somewhereD.nowhereA.againstB.acrossC.withD.intoA.far awayB.used upC.cleared offD.near by五、Pa
14、ssage One(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Debate is a valuable way to practise communicating. It can also bring long-lasting rewards, especially for people working with Western businesses. The main activity of debate is presenting one“s opinion and supporting it with evidence, such as statistics or facts. It is a wa
15、y of persuasive communication. Charles Lebeau helped create the “Discover Debate“ method. He says debate is important to understanding how people communicate in Western business. Successful debaters learn how to give their opinion, reasons and support. “What we are trying to do is to develop a kind
16、of thinking or approach to discussion and how to interact (交流) with someone else“s opinion, rather than brush their opinion aside.“ Debate skills are also important in selling a product, he says. In that situation, the judges are the customers. “So on Monday, for example, one company may come in and
17、 present their case to the customer and they“ll make as strong a case as they can. On Tuesday, the next day, another company will come in and present their case to the customer. Usually the party that can present the strongest case wins.“ Debate also strengthens critical thinking. In other words, it
18、 helps students learn to ask questions and try to understand someone“s reasons and evidence. Mr. Lebeau points out that successful debaters learn to listen carefully to what other people are saying. Then, they look for the weak points in someone else“s opinion or argument. He says debate teaches a s
19、ystematic way of questioning. Successful debaters also learn to think from someone else“s point of view. Mr. Lebeau says debate can help broaden the mind. “There“s an expression in English: don“t criticize another person before you have walked in their shoes. I think the wonderful thing about debate
20、 is, it puts us in another person“s shoes.“（分数：12.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, what is the purpose of debate?（分数：3.00）A.To bring long-lasting material rewards.B.To present evidence such as statistics and facts.C.To respond to questions in a systematic way.D.To persuade people to accept your opin
21、ions.(2).Why is debate important?（分数：3.00）A.It helps people understand others better.B.It allows people to present their opinions.C.It develops one“s thinking and communicative competence.D.It gives one the opportunity to brush others“ opinion aside.(3).What does the underlined word “case“ in Paragr
22、aph 3 refer to?（分数：3.00）A.Container.B.Evidence.C.Problem.D.Product.(4).What can debaters benefit from “walking in another person“s shoes“?（分数：3.00）A.Becoming more broad-minded.B.Developing critical thinking.C.Finding others“ weak points.D.Trying out others“ methods.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：12.00)We al
23、l love a hero, and rescue dogs are some of the biggest heroes of all. You will often find them going above and beyond duty to save someone, riskingand at times losingtheir lives in the process. Rescue dogs are generally found in the Sporting and Hunting Groups, or from the traditional Herding Group.
24、 These types include the Bloodhound, Labrador Retriever, Newfoundland, German Shepherd, Golden Retriever, and Belgian Malinoisall of which are chosen for search-and-rescue duty because of their amazing physical strength, loyalty, and their tendency for mental stability. These types also have a keen
25、sense of hearing and smellto better locate lost individualsand are often able to access hard-to-reach areas. As highly trained animals, they serve in many different fields, including specialist Search, snow slide rescue, dead body location, and tracking. To overcome obstacles and succeed when perfor
26、ming the demanding duties of a search-and-rescue worker, a dog must display certain qualities. In addition to intelligence and strength, the dog must be swift, confident, easily trainable, adaptable, and have a high level of stamina (耐力) and endurance. A strong sense of group cooperation and an abil
27、ity to engage in friendly play during “down“ time is also required of search-and-rescue dogs. A rescue dog goes through many, many hours of intensive training to be fit for duty. Training is not for the faint-hearted. Certification training can take from two to three years, working three to four hou
28、rs a day, three to six days a week, often in group, team-oriented sessions. Each search-and-rescue field requires different types of training. Rescue training, for instance, includes “air scenting“where dogs are trained to smell the air for the victim“s scent (气味) and then follow the scent to the pe
29、rson. This ability is crucial to finding victims trapped under collapsed buildings and snow slide.（分数：12.00）(1).Rescue dogs are chosen probably because _.（分数：3.00）A.they are loyalB.they are braveC.they have amazing appearancesD.they have good eyesight(2).What does “faint-hearted“ in Paragraph 5 mean
30、?（分数：3.00）A.Courageous.B.Cowardly.C.Energetic.D.Slow.(3).Which ability is most important for dogs to rescue people trapped in snow?（分数：3.00）A.Sharp hearing.B.Swift movement.C.Extraordinary smelling.D.A strong memory.(4).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：3.00）A.Selection process of rescue dogs.B.Q
31、ualities and training of rescue dogs.C.Risks rescue dogs are faced with.D.Types of tasks rescue dogs can perform.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Eating an apple a day doesn“t keep the doctor away, but it does reduce the amount of trips you make to the drug store per year. That“s according to a new st
32、udy that investigates whether there“s any truth in the old saying. A team of researchers led by Dr Matthew Davis, of the University of Michigan School of Nursing, asked 8,399 participants to answer survey questions about diet and health. A total of 753 were apple eaters, consuming at least 149g of r
33、aw apple per day. The remaining 7,646 were classed as non-apple eaters. When both groups answered questions on trips to the doctor and trips to the drug store per year, the apple eaters were found to be 27% less likely to visit the druggist for drugs. Trips to the doctor were not significantly affec
34、ted by apple consumption, though. “Evidence does not support that an apple a day keeps the doctor away. However, the small number of US adults who eat an apple a day does appear to use fewer prescription medications,“ the study concludes. Apple eaters were also found to be less likely to smoke and b
35、e more likely to have a higher educational attainment than non-apple eaters. While apples do not compete with oranges, they do contain some immune (免疫的) system-increasing vitamin C, which may be why apple-eaters visit the druggist less. With over 8mg of vitamin C per medium-sized fruit, an apple can
36、 provide roughly 14% your daily recommended intake. Previous studies have also linked apple consumption to a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes (二型糖尿病), improved lung function and a lower risk of colon (结肠) cancer.（分数：12.00）(1).How many non-apple eaters answered survey questions in the research?（分数：3.00）
37、A.149.B.7,646.C.753.D.8,399.(2).What is the conclusion of the study?（分数：3.00）A.Apple consumption has greatly reduced US adults“ trips to the doctor.B.An apple a day does keep the doctor away.C.Apples are far more nutritious than oranges.D.A small number of US adult apple eaters tend to take less med
38、icine.(3).What can we learn from the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Apples are better than oranges.B.Apples do have some vitamin C to increase the immune system.C.Apples can help cure certain diseases.D.Apples can provide people with sufficient daily intake of energy.(4).What can be described as the writing sty
39、le of this passage?（分数：3.00）A.Objective.B.Creative.C.Subjective.D.Persuasive.八、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Sometimes I scratch my head when I read about the government“s efforts to improve schools: new standards and tests to be applied, strict teacher evaluations, and threats of school closures and
40、job losses. They frighten the school employees, not to mention the students. Instead of making people unable to solve problems or try new ideaswhich is what fear does to usresearch on school reform strongly suggests that policy-makers should encourage school leaders to take a more humane approach. I
41、n their study on the reform efforts of twelve Chicago public schools, Bryk and Schneider found that enabling positive social relationships between the adults was the key to successful school improvement and that trust was at the heart of those relationships. Trust in schools comes down to one thing:
42、 psychological safety or safety to speak one“s mind, to discuss with openness and honesty what is and isn“t working, to make collective decisions. Yet this kind of safety doesn“t come easily to schools. According to Bryk and Schneider, the adults in school rely on each other to do their jobs correct
43、ly and with integrity (正直). The challenge is that our expectations are very diverse based on our unique backgrounds. At one school where I taught, each teacher had different expectations about how much extra effort teachers should put into their worka big difference between the teachers who left aft
44、er the last bell and those who worked into the evening. And when expectations are unconscious or unspoken, it becomes impossible for others to live up to them. We also make assumptions about the intentions behind a person“s behavior. As we all know, assumptions are often wrong. For example, parents
45、and teachers may think the principal made a particular decision based on his career advancement rather than what“s best for the students. If we don“t feel psychologically safe to question our assumptions and expectations, trust flies out the window and our relationships suffer.（分数：12.00）(1).Accordin
46、g to Paragraph 1, why does the author scratch his head?（分数：3.00）A.Because he doesn“t know what to do once schools are closed.B.Because he is not sure about the practicability of those new tests.C.Because he is concerned that many teachers will lose their jobs.D.Because he is not in favor of the gove
47、rnment“s reform efforts.(2).According to Bryk and Schneider, what was most important for successful school improvement?（分数：3.00）A.New standards and tests in schools.B.Positive social relationships.C.Strict teacher and student evaluations.D.Assistance of the government.(3).What is meant by trust in s
48、chool?（分数：3.00）A.Freedom to express one“s views.B.Extra effort teachers put into their work.C.Independence of the teachers in schools.D.Unconscious and unspoken expectations.(4).What does the author say about the assumptions made about the intentions behind a person“s behavior?（分数：3.00）A.They should
49、 be trusted.B.They are often bold.C.They are often incorrect.D.They should be encouraged.九、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：12.00)An interesting project called Blue Zones is recording the lifestyle secrets of the communities with the highest concentrations of centenarians in the world. The people in the five regions in Europe, Latin America, Asia and the US that live to be 100 have a lot going for them. Genes probably play a small role, but these folks also have strong social ties, tightly-knit families and lots
